The Technical Specification and Physical Performance Level of Line Pipes for West-East Gas Pipeline

The west-east gas transmission engineering is an important project attracting domestic and foreign attention. The gas pipeline used in this project is a gas pipeline with the longest distance, largest pipe diameter and highest transmission pressure in the history of petroleum pipeline construction of China. For the construction of top-rank gas pipeline in the world with high standard, high speed and high benefit, the key of specifying production of metallurgical and pipe-making enterprises and ensuring quality performance of the steel and steel pipe is to research and formulate a feasible and satisfactory technical Specification for engineering steel and steel pipe with international level. In this paper the author introduces the establishment of the technical specification for West-East gas pipeline project, and lays emphasis on the analysis and discussion of principle and method determining major technical indexes related to line pipes for West-East gas pipeline. The author also introduces actual material selection of gas pipeline home and abroad, and presents examination and application of the technical specification for West-East gas pipeline.     

供水管线工程中管材的比选和应用

在供水管线工程中,管道占投资的比重较大,合理选择管材的种类对工程的安全及投资具有重大意义。就预应力混凝土管、钢管、预应力钢筒混凝土管、铸铁管和玻璃纤维增强塑料夹砂管的优缺点及工程中的使用情况进行了论述。     

Research and Trial Production of X80 Pipeline Steel with High Toughness Using Acicular Ferrite

Keywords:pipelinesteel;X80;acicularferrite;coil1Introduction Itisaneconomicalwaytotransportoilandgasthrough longdistancebyusingpipelinewithhighpressureandlarge diameter.Inthiscase,isusuallyrequiredthehigh grade,highperformancepipelinesteeltoguaranteeasafeand reliableserviceatsuchhighpressure,aswellastoreduce thecostofconstructionandoperationforapipelineproject.NowX70pipelinesteelhasbecomethemostusedsteelgrade inlongdistancepipelineprojectsovertheworld.SomeX80pipelinetrialprojectshavebeencons…     

Research ＆ Development of Grade X70 LSAW Steel Pipes for West-East Gas Pipeline

In this article the research and development of X70 large diameter longitudinal seam submerged arc welded (LSAW) steel pipes for West-East Gas Transportation Pipeline project (WEGTP) in China are introduced, including the key technique, fabrication of pipe production line, mass production and the latest progress of LSAW steel pipe technique.     

Development of Exterior Anti-corrosion Coating Production Line for Large Diameter Hot Bent Pipes

The epoxy powder exterior anti-corrosion coating production line for bent pipes with a single (double) course production is a technologically advanced bent pipe anti-corrosion method with cost efficiency, environment friendliness and stable coating quality. The quality of the coating on the bent pipe fully meets the requirements of the current national and industrial standards. The application of the technology has filled the gap in the bent pipe anti-corrosion coating area of China, and leads the world technologically. With this technology the coating quality of the bent pipe has greatly improved, resulting in significant social and economic benefits. With the use of the technology in various large scale pipeline projects such as the “West to East Gas Pipeline Project”, it will exhibite a greater potential in the future pipeline projects with a broad application prospect.     

Research and Development of X70 with an Acicular Ferrite Microstructure for West-East Pipeline Project

It is introduced in this paper that a high strength and high toughness X70 pipeline steel with an ultra-low acicular ferrite microstructure has been researched and developed at Baosteel according to the requirements of the West-East Gas Pipeline(WEGTP) project. The developed steel has higher strength, higher toughness, lower ductile-brittle transition temperature and higher dynamic tear-resistance than the conventional X70 with ferrite and pearlite microstructure. The excellent properties of the steel are benefited from ultralow carbon acicular ferrite consisting of interaction of very fine precipitated particles and high-density dislocation. And the steel has been applied on the WEGTP in China.     

大型天然气管道稳态运行优化研究

针对天然气长输管道压缩机站运行能耗高的问题，基于动态规划法，建立以大型天然气管道压缩机站总能耗最低为目标函数的管道运行优化模型，确定压缩机开机数量和出站压力为优化变量。根据此优化模型，求解西气东输一线管道算例，该算例管道规模庞大（含22座压缩机站和32台压缩机，管线全长3 840 km，设计年输量为170×10⁸ t），优化模型可在60 s内求解得出结果，动态规划法求解快速有效。根据优化结果，优化运行方案比运行日报表中增加了2台压缩机的开机数量，管道总压降减少了3.40 MPa，燃气轮机组平均效率提高了4.234%，电驱机组平均效率提高了4.875%，压缩机总功率减少187 20.38 kW，生产单耗减少16.24 kgce/（10⁷ Nm³·km），可大幅降低西气东输一线管道的总能耗，证明了所建优化模型的正确性和可行性。     

天然气管道小泄漏高空激光检测试验

在国内首次对长输管线小泄漏直升机巡检效果进行试验验证.采用软件模拟和试验验证的方法确定小泄漏发生后的扩散范围,由直升机携带激光检测设备,对平原和山区的人工小泄漏源产生的甲烷气团进行检测.平地试验飞行高度为60～150 m,山区试验选择西气东输管线沿线具有代表性的地形作为5个人工泄漏源的放置地点,直升机在这些点的飞行高度为60～500 m.试验结果表明:直升机巡检方法适用于平原、沙漠、戈壁等地区,对地形起伏较大的丘陵、山地等地区效果不够理想.     

打孔盗油支管对输送成品油管内压力分布的影响

本文分析打孔盗油支管的成品油输送管道泄漏过程,建立带有打孔盗油支管的成品油输送管道物理模型,通过简化该物理模型建立了带有打孔盗油支管的成品油输送管道的三维压力场数学模型,利用Fluent软件模拟管道出口和支管的出流量比对带有打孔盗油支管的管道的压力场影响,确定其压力场特征,得到了带有打孔盗油支管的管道的压差二次曲线方程。     

不同安装位置下主动阻尼装置对管道振动的控制效果研究

在设备运行过程中，管道经常会产生振动问题，给设备的安全运行带来严重的隐患。针对管道振动问题，采用主动阻尼装置，通过惯性作动器向振动管道系统施加作动力，实现了对管道振动的主动控制。以某化工企业往复式压缩机出口管线25 Hz的振动为例，搭建门型管道振动实验台进行实验，利用SAP2000软件模拟仿真了主动阻尼装置的减振效果。实验研究了惯性作动器在不同安装位置时主动阻尼装置对管道振动的控制效果，探究了惯性作动器的安装位置对管道系统振动控制效果的影响规律。通过对比惯性作动器安装在所选取的4个位置时的减振效果，得出当作动器安装在振动最大的位置上时，主动阻尼装置对管道整体的减振效果最好。     

对广电数字化运动的几点看法——兼谈对信息时代的数字技术标准化意义的反思

The West-East Gas Transportation Pipeline (WEGTP) is a strategic project for the energy source transport, which is about 3900km long. The remote sensing technique has the unique superiority to obtain the geographic information. The remote sensing technique is used in WEGTP to interpret comprehensively the information of geology, landform and humane geography along the route of pipeline, and to update the topographic map along the route of Zhengzhou-Shanghai section pipeline, and to interpret finely the crossing point of the Nanjing Changjiang river crossing section. Through the overlap of TM image and the DEM, the complicated landform information can be grasped by the three dimensional flight over the section of complicated geography. The application achievements are managed with RS-GIS service system.     

Application Summary of Remote Sensing Technique of the Wes-East Gas Transportation Pipeline

1EnvironmentoverviewofWEGTP　TheWEGTPtraversesnorthChinafromwesttoeast,andstridesacrossanextensiveregion .Thetrunkofpipelineisabout 390 0kmlong .Therearemanykindsofclimatesalongtherouteofpipelineandthepipelinegoesthroughalmostallkindsoftopographyandlandform .Therepresentativelandformscanbedividedmainlyintofivekinds,i.e.,theGobidesertregioninXinjiangandGansu ;theloessplateauregioninNingxia,ShanxiandShanxi;thehillyregioninShanxiandHenan ;theNorthChinaplaininHenanandAnhui;andthewaterana…     

剥离涂层下的埋地管线钢腐蚀研究进展与展望

 管线钢作为石油、天然气集输和煤炭、建材浆体输送的长输管,在现代长输工业中具有不可替代的地位。现代管线钢多采用涂层作为外防腐措施,在埋地安装和使用过程不可避免地因外力作用破损形成剥离区,由于电解质渗入和长期的化学和电化学演变,形成剥离涂层下特有的腐蚀体系,可加速折损管线钢的服役寿命,给生产生活带来极大的潜在危险。因此,剥离涂层下的管线钢腐蚀,是国内外腐蚀领域学者研究的最重点和最前沿课题之一。本文结合近年国内外的研究成果,对剥离体系的研究方法、经典理论、影响因素和研究进展进行总结综述。同时针对既有不足,对未来的研究工作进行展望。     

架空热力管道系统热膨胀位移的试验研究

为了考察支架摩擦力对管系热胀位移的影响,在一条热水输送管线上进行了小型结构试验,实际测量了管系的热胀位移,并用高级架空热力管道结构分析程序(AOPAP)对其进行了计算。试验和计算结果表明,考虑了支架摩擦力,计算结果与实际情况比较符合,否则两者相差较大。说明支架摩擦力的存在对于管系位移有较大的约束作用,按无摩擦的情况对管系进行强度校核是不合理的。研究表明,用变弹簧系数迭代法及其应用程序分析和计算架空热力管道系统的热膨胀位移和应力,能更准确地反映管系的真实情况。     

地下管线施工中的泥水平衡顶管设备应用技巧

介绍地下管线顶管施工中泥水平衡顶管设备的应用技巧,以期帮助正确处理地下管线施工期间出现的泥水管线堵塞、刀盘卡死、机头自转、纠偏失控、泥水冒顶、管材爆裂、顶不动、后座墙顶裂等各种问题,充分发挥顶管设备的功效.     

生产低硫低烯烃汽油的RIDOS技术

With the application of new techniques, materials and technologies in West-East Gas Transportation Pipeline (WEGTP) project, the design concept of domestic pipeline industrial construction has been updated, speeding up the development and improvement of the strength as a whole in aspects of smelting industry, pipe fabrication, pipeline construction and equipment manufacture, making China‘s pipeline industry catch up with the trend of development of the world advanced level.     

给排水管底土层的承载力分析

管道是公路工程和城市建设的重要组成部分,合理的管底土层承载力是避免管道破坏的重要保障之一。本文把管道等效成条形基础、检查井等效成矩形或圆形基础,对管道设计通用图纸有关承载力规定的合理性进行了详细讨论,结果表明：当深度大于1m时,满足要求时的土层承载力特征值很小;对于检查井等结构物,随外径和地表单侧轮重的不同,对检查井底部土层承载力特征值的要求也是不同的,甚至会出现承载力特征值非常大的情况,这说明通用图纸规定的要求不再适用。当土层承载力不足时,应采用换填垫层的进行处理,同时应满足软弱下卧层的承载力要求。垫层会增加沉降差,且管底土层越好,垫层的增加作用越不明显。然而总的来说,管道的沉降差是非常小的,不足以造成管道损坏。根据实际情况,为最大限度避免管道破坏,同时使管道沉降、管底承载力均满足要求,本文提出了一个简单的管底土层处理原则。     

CO2气体保护焊在管钢对接焊缝中的应用

在管线钢对接焊缝中采用CO2气体保护焊（简称CO2焊）,解决了焊条电弧焊在管线钢（特别大直径管线钢）对接焊缝中,劳动强度高、焊接质量低、生产率低等问题。CO2焊具有高效、优质、节能、节材、自动化等特点,在管线钢焊接中将逐步取代焊条电弧焊而成为主要的焊接方法之一。     

埋地输油管道的防腐蚀检测分析

本文利用交流电流梯度法(PCM法)对埋地输油管道检测的数据建立了埋地管道防腐蚀分析的数据库,编制了检测数据库软件,分析了输油管漏点的特点,提出建立埋地管道防腐蚀检测的数据库将有利于管道的防腐蚀管理与分析。     

SHS陶瓷内衬复合钢管研究现状及应用前景

介绍了国内外自蔓延高温合成陶民复合钢管研究现状及用ＳＨＳ法生产陶瓷内衬复合钢管的原理、工艺特点,给出了ＳＨＳ陶瓷内衬复合钢管的应用前景。