GGPPS基因在植物色香性状改良中的应用研究进展

色彩和香味是影响园林植物观赏品质的重要因子,对植物的观赏价值具有决定性的影响。类胡萝卜素是植物重要色素物质,单萜是植物关键芳香成分,牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶基因(GGPPS)位于两者合成途径的关键交叉节点,对植物颜色、香味相关代谢物的形成具有重要影响。本研究对GGPPS蛋白的结构与分类、进化聚类情况,并对GGPPS基因的转录调控和其他调控因子进行综述,总结了GGPPS基因影响植物色彩与香味形成的作用机制,探讨了其在植物色彩及香味性状改良方面的应用潜力,认为今后可利用多组学手段挖掘相关转录因子并解析GGPPS基因调控植物色香的分子网络,以期为植物观赏性状的遗传改良工作提供新的基因资源和研究思路。     

植物抗胁迫类转录因子研究进展

转录因子在植物应答生物和非生物胁迫中起着重要作用．在胁迫环境下,植物中特定的转录因子与抗逆基因上游的顺式作用元件结合,从而特异性地调控该基因在植物体内的表达,提高植物对环境胁迫的适应能力．该文概述了植物抗胁迫相关的4类转录因子：MYB类转录因子、bZIP类转录因子、WRKY类转录因子和NAC类转录因子的结构特点、调控机制以及它们在植物耐逆基因工程中的研究进展．     

桃树PpADC基因克隆及逆境胁迫表达分析

多胺广泛参与植物生长、发育等生理生化进程和植物逆境应答反应,精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)是植物多胺生物合成途径中的关键酶.为研究桃树ADC基因的结构和逆境胁迫转录表达情况,试验利用同源序列法克隆桃树PpADC基因,对基因序列、编码蛋白结构等进行生物信息学分析,应用qRT-PCR检测基因PpADC在不同逆境胁迫过程中的转录表达量.结果表明,桃树PpADC基因含有一个2 178 bp的开放阅读框,编码725个氨基酸,基因序列中不含有内含子结构;该基因编码蛋白与白梨精氨酸脱羧酶相似值高达90.14%,系统进化树分析表明PpADC基因与白梨、苹果和湖北海棠等蔷薇科果树ADC基因亲缘关系较近;低温、脱水、盐和乙烯处理能不同程度上调PpADC基因的转录表达水平,表明该基因在桃树应答逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要作用.     

冷休克蛋白及冷休克反应

冷休克蛋白是从真细菌中发现的，它不仅作为ＲＮＡ分子的伴侣蛋白，同时还与细菌的多个生理过程有着密切的联系，如：对低温的适应、细胞生长的控制、营养胁迫等．冷休克蛋白引起冷休克反应的分子调控发生在转录和翻译两个水平上．     

植物MYB转录因子研究

转录因子是通过转录水平或转录后水平上调控目的基因的表达来调控植物生长发育及生理代谢的.MYB(v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog)转录因子是最大的植物转录因子家族成员之一,参与了细胞分化、细胞周期的调节,激素和环境因子应答,并对植物次生代谢以及叶片等器官形态建成具有重要的调节作用.文章对MYB的发现及其结构特征和功能研究进展进行综述,为进一步开展MYB基因的克隆、功能研究和利用提供参考.     

NACl启动子驱动GFP表达的组织特征及对生长素和赤霉素的反应

将拟南芥中转录因子基因NACl上游调控区1kb克隆到pRD420质粒，构建由NACl启动子驱动绿色荧光蛋白基因（GFP）表达的植物表达载体，并以此载体转化烟草，对阳性转基因植株研究表明，GFP在根部有较高水平的表达．进一步用生长素、生长素拮抗剂NPA和赤霉素处理，荧光强度的变化表明：该调控区受生长素作用的同时也受赤霉素诱导．初步说明NACl基因不仅是一个生长素反应基因，同时可能也是一个赤霉素反应基因．     

植物MYB转录因子研究

转录因子是通过转录水平或转录后水平上调控目的基因的表达来调控植物生长发育及生理代谢的.MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog)转录因子是最大的植物转录因子家族成员之一,参与了细胞分化、细胞周期的调节,激素和环境因子应答,并对植物次生代谢以及叶片等器官形态建成具有重要的调节作用.文章对MYB的发现及其结构特征和功能研究进展进行综述,为进一步开展MYB基因的克隆、功能研究和利用提供参考.     

CBL-CIPK信号系统在植物应答逆境胁迫中的作用与机制

植物在长期适应中演化形成感知、传导和应答逆境胁迫的精细调控机制,CBL—CIPK信号系统是近年来兴起、植物特有的依赖于Ca2＋信号参与逆境胁迫调控的信号网络．CBLs感知逆境Ca2＋信号,结合Ca2＋后与蛋白激酶CIPKs特异作用,激活的CBL—CIPK复合体通过翻译后磷酸化下游靶蛋白,或调节转录因子及胁迫应答基因,实现不同细胞水平、组织部位抗逆性的调控．该系统具有特异性、多样性和复杂性,同时存在不同信号途径的交叉作用．目前响应高盐、低K＋和高pHCBL～CIPK信号途径研究取得重要进展,有望通过基因工程结合分子设计育种途径快速高效提高作物抗逆性．但仍有待于鉴定出更多的CBL—CIPK信号成分,特别是鉴定特殊生境植物的信号成分,并解析其在逆境胁迫响应中的功能．     

类胡萝卜素介导的植物花色调控机制研究进展

花色是一种重要的花性状,对于有花植物的观赏园艺、生殖生态以及物种演化均具有非常关键的作用。有花植物花着色的关键决定因素是花色素的合成和沉积。类胡萝卜素作为一类重要的天然色素,不仅具有营养和药理特性,同时还是许多有花植物花着色的呈色色素。笔者对植物中的类胡萝卜素代谢途径及相关基因进行了梳理,并着重总结了类胡萝卜素代谢基因的表达及其转录调控对植物花着色的影响。当前,已知花中类胡萝卜素代谢基因的表达与类胡萝卜素积累及花着色紧密相关,但是关于这些基因在花中的转录调控机制研究还处于起步阶段。植物的花器官似乎采取了与叶、果实等其他器官完全不同的策略来精细调控类胡萝卜素的生物合成与积累,并且不同植物间尚未发现共通之处。笔者基于目前的研究进展,对未来类胡萝卜素介导的花着色调控机制研究进行了展望,认为随着高通量组学技术和现代分子生物学技术的迅猛发展,可尝试结合基因组、转录组、代谢组及最新的单细胞组学和空间组学等多组学技术和遗传转化及以CRISPR/Cas9为代表的基因组编辑技术,构建多种植物花着色过程中类胡萝卜素代谢的特异性分子调控网络,以期为进一步研究类胡萝卜素介导的花色变异与演化及花色育种提供有益参考。     

哺乳动物核仁蛋白基因编码多个内含子snoRNA

核仁小分子ＲＮＡ（ｓｎｏＲＮＡ）是真核生物核糖体合成中一类重要的调控分子,广泛地存在于酵母和哺乳动物中．ｓｎｏＲＮＡ基因组织具有高度的多样性．在哺乳动物中,除Ｕ３、Ｕ８、Ｕ１３和７－２／ＭＲＰＲＮＡ是独立转录之外,其它ｓｎｏＲＮＡ都是由宿主基因（ｈｏｓｔｇｅｎｅ）内含子编码的［１］．目前已发现多种类型的宿主基因如核糖体蛋白基因,热激蛋白基因（ｈｓｃ７０）,细胞周期调控蛋白基因（ＲＣＣ１）以及一些转录和翻译起始因子基因等．本文报道通过对人、小白鼠（Ｍｕｓｍｕｓｃｕｌｕｓ）和大鼠（Ｒａｔｔｕｓｎｏｒ…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with