内转塔式FPSO截断技术及其总体响应

对一作业水深914 m的内转塔式FPSO平台系泊及立管系统进行等效水深截断设计,以解决海洋工程模型试验水池尺度有限的问题.调整系泊线及立管的长度、轴向刚度和单位长度质量,保证其悬链线形状以及静态特性与原系统一致.截断因子较大时,只对系泊线中间部分等效截断,截断因子较小时,海底部分也要适当截断,并分别推导出相应计算公式.最后对整个FPSO系统进行时域耦合分析,比较发现截断后系泊系统静态特性、平台总体响应和系泊线受力都与全水深情况和已有模型试验结果吻合良好.表明截断方法是合理可行的,能保证截断前后平台性能一致.     

截断系泊系统不同恢复力矩特性对于深水半潜式平台摇摆运动的影响

以工作在1.5km水深的半潜式平台为例,在截断水深模型实验中,设计5套符合水平及垂向回复力、最大单根缆受力特性相似的截断系泊系统,使之具有不同的力矩特性曲线.通过时域耦合计算,比较在这些截断系泊系统下平台的摇荡运动的差异,并与实验结果对比分析.结果表明,水深截断系泊系统的力矩特性是否相似对半潜式平台摇荡运动有一定影响,平台的水平偏移越大时影响越显著.说明在截断系泊系统设计中,保持与全水深系统一致的力矩相似特性的必要性.     

深水非线性弹簧截断张紧式系泊系统动力特性

通过分析张紧式系泊系统的力学特性,提出用弹簧系统代替被截断系泊线并准确模拟其刚度特性的方法.截断水深以上系泊线刚度保持不变,讨论弹簧长度、位置及非线性系数的确定方法,保证截断前后系统的静力特性相似.提出改变截断后系泊线直径和单位长度质量的计算方法,准确模拟系泊线的动力特性.将一作业水深3 048m的FPSO内转塔式系泊系统分别等效截断到1 000m和500m,通过静态分析和时域动态分析可知:截断前后系泊线的预张力、顶部张角、静力特性曲线、平台总体响应和系泊线受力都符合良好,证明了所提截断方案的合理性和正确性.     

深水半潜式平台模型试验与数值分析

以一座工作水深为1.5 km的深海半潜式钻井平台及其锚泊系统为例,对其在280 m等效截断水深锚泊系统系泊下的6自由度运动和锚链受力进行模型试验研究,缩尺比取为1∶70.采用非线性时域耦合分析法对原深海半潜式钻井平台系统进行数值分析,并将模型试验和数值分析结果进行比较.结果表明:等效截断水深锚泊系统在静力方面可较好地模拟全水深锚泊系统,动力相似上的不足导致其锚链受力最大值与全水深锚泊系统的相差较大;截断水深模型试验对全水深锚泊系统系泊下的半潜平台运动响应的预报较为可信,而平台锚系的受力情况需辅以数值模拟进行研究.     

等效水深截断系统优化设计研究

世界范围内海洋油气开采正在向500～3000m的深海进军．然而,对深海全水深系统进行模型试验相当困难：目前世界上没有一家水池有足够的空间可以在常规缩尺比下容纳一个工作在1000～3000m之间的完整的顺应式系泊浮式生产系统．面对该挑战,目前看起来最可行的就是所谓的混合模型试验技术．应用该技术的首要工作就是设计等效水深截断系统．我们研究了深海平台混合模型试验方法的优化设计问题．研究过程中,主要考虑了截断水深和全水深系统的静力特性相似．将截断水深和全水深系统静力特性相似程度的数值作为目标函数建立了等效水深截断系统优化设计数学模型．通过选择适当的设计准则,可减少截断水深和全水深系统之间的动力特性差异．为计算系泊系统的静力特性,采用四阶龙格一库塔法来求解单根锚泊线的静力平衡方程．当单根锚泊线的静力特性计算出来后,总系泊系统的静力特性可以用拉格朗日插值方法计算出来．建立了锚泊线材质数据库,以锚泊线材质名和直径作为关键字．选用经过改进的混合离散变量模拟退火法和离散复合形法来进行优化计算．采用C＋＋语言基于面向对象方法开发了计算机程序．具体优化计算时,先分别用两种优化法计算出相应的结果,然后选取较好的一个作为最终结果．为考察开发出的计算机程序,文中以一个工作水深为320m的10万吨内转塔式系泊FPSO为例进行了等效水深截断系统优化设计计算,截断水深选为160m,并选取几个典型工况对截断系统和全水深系统都进行了缩尺比为λ=80的模型试验,比较两者的试验结果发现,该文的截断系统设计是成功的．作者将结合一个具体实例对以前发表的关于深海平台混合模型试验方法的论文进行总结．     

新概念深水半潜式生产平台水动力截断试验与数值计算

对一新型深海半潜式生产平台的水动力性能进行模型试验和数值计算分析.与传统直立柱结构的半潜式平台不同,该新型平台的4根立柱在水线面以上向内倾斜.由于平台工作水深为1.5 km,模型试验时需通过数值分析进行等效截断设计.对平台6自由度运动响应和系泊缆受力的研究表明,模型试验结果与数值计算结果基本一致,该新型半潜式生产平台具有良好的水动力性能,满足规范要求.
     

深海半潜式平台锚泊系统等效水深截断模型试验设计

以拟在哈尔滨工业大学大气边界层风洞及波浪模拟水槽中进行模型试验的一座工作水深为1 500m的深海半潜式平台锚泊系统为例,缩尺比取为1∶100.介绍深海锚泊系统等效水深截断设计的原理及流程.考虑锚泊线的重力、张力、海流力及弹性伸长,采用分段外推法进行静力分析.基于静力等效原则,在保证锚泊线数目和布置一致的情况下,对其在400m等效水深截断模型进行试验方案设计,满足单根锚泊线和整个锚泊系统静恢复力特性近似相同.采用非线性有限元时域分析方法分别对全水深锚泊线和截断水深锚泊线进行动力分析,比较2种锚泊线在各种环境荷载激励下的动力性能差别,并对二者基于动力特性的等效设计提出改进措施.     

等效水深截断系统模型试验结果可用性研究

以一工作水深为320 m的转塔式浮式生产储油系统(FPSO)为例研究了被动截断式的混合模型试验方法,选择截断水深为160 m,先后进行了截断系统和全水深系统模型试验,并对两者结果进行了比较.结果发现,在保证静力特性相似并且截断程度不大的情况下,等效水深截断系统模型试验能在一定程度上代替全水深系统模型试验.     

南海桁架式深吃水立柱式平台水动力性能

应用三维势流理论、非线性时域动力耦合分析方法以及深海平台混合模型试验研究方法,针对我国南海北部一座15 km桁架式深吃水立柱式平台（Truss Spar）,在不同海况下对作业装载的平台锚泊系统进行了截断水深模型试验、数值重构研究,并数值外推到全水深,较好地预报了其水动力性能,包括纵荡、垂荡和纵摇. 经分析：Truss Spar平台的垂荡、纵摇低频运动分量较大,同时纵荡也表现出很强的低频特性;此外,平台具有较小的垂荡运动幅值,垂荡性能较好,能较好地满足海上油气生产的要求.     

张紧式系泊桁架式Spar平台纵荡-横荡-垂荡固有运动特性研究

针对深海桁架式Spar平台,考虑三点张紧式系泊定位,研究其纵荡、横荡和垂荡三个自由度的固有运动特性.考虑纤维缆索的材料非线性与几何非线性特性,对缆索力学平衡方程重新推导计算系泊缆索张力与位移的变化关系.采用准静态方法,建立考虑系泊作用的平台耦合系统纵荡、横荡和垂荡运动方程,数值求解平台固有运动特性,并讨论系泊条件对平台自振特性的影响.结果表明,在平台小幅运动下,系泊回复力与位移基本呈线性关系,但随着平台位移的增大,系泊回复力随位移变化开始表现出一定的非线性;系泊条件的改变将会改变平台水平运动的固有频率;系泊系统对垂荡运动的固有特性影响不大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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