小鼠囊胚玻璃化冷冻保存研究

在20°C室温下,用玻璃化冷冻液(体积分数为0.4的乙二醇,质量浓度为0.18kg/L的葡聚糖和0.3mol/L海藻糖)对昆明小白鼠囊胚进行一步法和二步法玻璃化冷冻保存.一步法的1min平衡组和二步法的0.5min平衡组胚胎解冻后,体外培养24h后的发育率较高,都为91%,与对照组(98%)相比无显著差异(P＞0.05);体外培养48h后的囊胚孵化率较好,分别为48%和51%,但与对照组(90%)相比,均有极显著差异(P＜0.01).将此两组冷冻囊胚植入假孕3d的受体鼠子宫内,其产仔率分别为43%和50%,与对照组(55%)相比,均无显著差异(P＞0.05).     

Lats基因敲除小鼠胚胎玻璃化冷冻的研究

用冷冻麦管、细胞冷冻管分别采用一步法和二步法对Lats基因敲除小鼠胚胎进行玻璃化冷冻 ,胚胎解冻后 ,囊胚发育率分别为 90 %、90 1%、89 2 %和 91 4 % ;移植后着床率分别为 :5 0 0 %、4 7 1%、4 3 4 %和 4 6 5 % ,差异不显著 ;并且与对照组相比差异也不显著。因此 ,玻璃化冷冻可以作为Lats鼠保种方法之一     

不同遗传背景小鼠输卵管移植效率的研究

目的 选用不同遗传背景的小鼠,研究移植不同胚胎数量对产仔率的影响,旨在提高小鼠的移植效率。方法 本研究主要采用输卵管移植技术将2-细胞胚胎移植至假孕鼠体内,对妊娠母鼠的产仔数量进行统计分析。结果 与封闭群相比,近交系的移植效率较低,平均产仔率为37.5%,封闭群则为45%。免疫缺陷动物对移植的胚胎数量要求较高,每只小鼠单侧移植11～15枚细胞时的产仔率最高,为63.5%;不同类型小鼠的平均产仔率比较：C57BL/6J(49.8%)>KM(45.8%)>ICR(44.1%)>NOD-SCID(35.6%)>BAL B/c-nu(29.3%)。ICR、C57、NOD-SCID三种小鼠移植胚胎数量在11～15枚时,产仔率最高;而KM小鼠移植胚胎数量在16～30枚时,产仔率最高;BALB/c-nu小鼠移植胚胎数量≤10枚时,产仔率最高。结论 不同遗传背景的小鼠输卵管移植效率不同,相同遗传背景小鼠移植产仔率随移植胚胎数量的不同而有所变化。     

乙二醇玻璃化冷冻液二步法对长爪沙鼠 2-细胞胚胎的冷冻保存

摘要: 目的 评价用乙二醇玻璃化冷冻液二步法对长爪沙鼠 2-细胞胚胎冷冻保存的效果。方法 通过超排卵处理 后与雄鼠交配获得长爪沙鼠 2-细胞胚胎,胚胎在冷冻液 EFS20 中平衡 3 min,然后移入冷冻液 EFS40 中平衡 1 min, 之后将细胞冻存管直接浸入液氮中保存。采用二步法复苏胚胎,复苏后移入改良的胚胎培养液( mKSOM) 中体外 培养。结果 采用该方法冷冻的胚胎复苏后胚胎回收率为 86. 73% ,存活率为 82. 94% ,复苏后存活的胚胎中约 1 / 3 胚胎可以在体外发育到囊胚。结论 乙二醇玻璃化冷冻液适于冷冻保存长爪沙鼠 2-细胞胚胎。     

昆明小鼠胚胎输卵管移植技术研究

目的通过研究不同输卵管胚胎移植方法、不同细胞类型及适宜胚胎的数量对移植后妊娠率和产仔率的影响,旨在提高小鼠胚胎移植效率。方法分别将1-细胞、2-细胞和8-细胞胚胎、移入发情的假孕KM雌鼠的输卵管,选择最适宜的胚胎类型用以研究最合理的胚胎移植数量,以及比较输卵管伞移植和膨大部移植两种方法的优劣。结果2-细胞胚胎移植后的妊娠率显著高于1-细胞和8-细胞处理组（66.67%vs25%,33.33%,P〈0.05）;每只小鼠输卵管移植25个2-细胞胚胎后的产仔率显著高于15个和35个两处理组（36%vs16.67%,10.71%,P〈0.05）;采用输卵管壁切口移植的妊娠率和产仔率显著高于输卵管伞移植（50%vs75%,38.9%vs49.3%,P〈0.05）。结论采用25枚左右的2-细胞期胚胎通过输卵管壁切口移植的方法可以取得较高的输卵管移植成功率。     

小鼠胚胎移植技术优化及对巨细胞病毒净化研究

目的 建立小鼠巨细胞病毒净化方法,以获得无MCMV感染的小鼠。方法 利用胚胎移植技术,通过使用不同激素、不同发情周期注射激素、受体鼠品系、不同的移植方法、不同时期胚胎移植,以及移植胚胎数量等对比试验,优化了净化条件。利用优化的胚胎移植净化方法,对供体鼠进行了净化。结果 SIGMA生产的激素,在10 IU剂量下超排得到的可用胚胎数量约为17枚/只;在小鼠发情间期超排得到的可用胚胎最多,超排的可用胚胎数约为23枚/只;选取C57雄性小鼠与ICR雌性小鼠交配的子一代作为受体鼠,产仔率达44.5%;输卵管移植较子宫移植效果好,产仔率为40.64%;移植2细胞胚胎的妊娠率为80%,明显优于单细胞和8细胞;受体鼠移植24枚胚胎时,产仔率达到了43.75%。利用优化的小鼠巨细胞病毒胚胎移植净化方法,净化得到了无MCMV感染的小鼠。结论 建立了小鼠巨细胞病毒净化方法,为获得无MCMV感染的小鼠种群提供了可靠的保障。     

二乙酰荧光素评估小鼠玻璃化冷冻胚胎活力试验

在形态学鉴定基础上，用二乙酰荧光素（ＦＤＡ）评估小鼠玻璃化冷冻胚胎的活力，并摒弃受损伤严重的胚胎，将活力较强的胚胎移植给受体，采用此法能得到较好的冻胚移植体内发育率，与鲜胚移植相比较无显著差异，冻胚解冻后只需２分钟便可鉴定出胚胎活力。     

水体中铅暴露对南方鲇Silurus meridionalis胚胎发育和仔鱼存活的影响

采用人工受精获得的南方鲇Silurus meridionalis Chen胚胎和仔鱼为实验对象,以Pb(NO3)2为毒物源,在水温22.5℃条件下,观察了水体中不同质量浓度铅(Pb)暴露对南方鲇胚胎孵化率、畸形率、自主运动、孵化历时的影响,并进行了初孵仔鱼的Pb暴露毒理实验.实验结果表明,在水体中Pb2+质量浓度分别为0(对照),4,8,12和16mg/L的条件下,南方鲇胚胎孵化率随着Pb质量浓度的上升呈下降趋势,分别为84.94%,71.23%,69.75%,66.57%和64.69%,各Pb质量浓度处理组的孵化率显著低于对照组(p0.05);且孵出的仔鱼出现心包水肿,脊柱弯曲以及尾巴弯曲退化等畸形特征,畸形率随着Pb质量浓度的升高呈上升趋势,分别为10.27%,15.28%,22.28%和36.67%,各Pb暴露组均显著高于对照组(2.37%)(p0.05);各Pb质量浓度暴露组胚胎在出膜前期的自主运动频率分别为63.86,52.71,48.43和47.14次/min均显著低于对照组(78.00次/min)(p0.05);各Pb质量浓度暴露组的胚胎孵化历时均显著长于对照组(p0.05).孵化后在净水(未加入Pb(NO3)2的实验水体)中养殖的卵黄囊期仔鱼72h死亡率随着其胚胎期Pb暴露质量浓度的上升呈上升趋势,胚胎期Pb暴露质量浓度分别为0,4,8,12和16mg/L的条件下,仔鱼期的净水死亡率分别为9.45%,18.22%,20.95%,24.05%和26.29%,胚胎期各Pb质量浓度暴露组所获仔鱼的死亡率均显著高于对照组(p0.05).根据水体Pb暴露对南方鲇初孵仔鱼急性中毒致死的观测结果推算,其96h半致死质量浓度(96hLC50)为0.32mg/L.本研究结果表明,南方鲇胚胎对水体Pb暴露的耐受性高于其初孵仔鱼,可能与南方鲇的受精卵卵膜较厚,对水体中的Pb2+进入胚胎具有较大的阻滞作用有关.     

山羊超数排卵及鲜胚移植研究

采用FSH (促卵泡素 )结合LH (促黄体素 ) ,按剂量不同的两种组合分别对 19和 14只两组供体山羊进行超排处理 ,分别取得了 18 4枚和 13 6枚的排卵结果 (p <0 0 5 ) .将其中的192枚 2、 4和 8细胞胚胎通过手术移植到 96只受体山羊输卵管内 ,每只受体移植两枚胚胎 ,妊娠率分别为 6 8 4 %、 74 1%和 84 1% (p >0 0 5 ) .     

妊娠期妇女血清碱性磷酸酶检测结果的分析

观察妊娠期妇女血清碱性磷酸酶水平的变化。用cobas8000全自动生化分析仪检测3990例不同孕周内妊娠期妇女(实验组)和1505例非孕期体检妇女(对照组)的血清碱性磷酸酶的水平,并进行统计学分析。对照组碱性磷酸酶检测结果为(61.62±27.12)U/L;孕早期(52.48±14.38)U/L;孕中期(71.34±31.42)U/L;孕晚期(152.74±61.03)U/L;妊娠高血压组(238.01±32.15)U/L,孕早期和中期组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);孕晚期组、妊娠高血压组与对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。妊娠期妇女血清碱性磷酸酶水平随着孕周的增加而发生变化,孕早期低于对照组,孕中期较略有增高,孕晚期和妊娠高血压组的孕妇碱性磷酸酶水平显著升高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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