几种雀形目鸟类生殖参数的地理变异

比较分析4属15种雀形目鸟类的生殖参数,发现其窝卵数和生殖力都随经纬度的升高而增加,卵的大小和卵重随经纬度的升高而减小(只有伯劳属随经度升高而增加),即雀形目鸟类在北方和东部地区产多而小的卵,其生殖对策倾向于r选择,相反在南方和西部地区则倾向于k选择.     

几种雀形目鸟类生殖参数的地理变异

比较分析4属15种雀形目鸟类的生殖参数,发现其窝卵数和生殖力都随经纬度的升高而增加,卵的大小和卵重随经纬度的升高而减小(只有伯劳属随经度升高而增加),即雀形目鸟类在北方和东部地区产多而小的卵,其生殖对策倾向于r选择,相反在南方和西部地区则倾向于k选择.     

Links between salinity variation in the Caribbean and North Atlantic thermohaline circulation

Variations in the strength of the North Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation have been linked to rapid climate changes during the last glacial cycle through oscillations in North Atlantic Deep Water formation and northward oceanic heat flux. The strength of the thermohaline circulation depends on the supply of warm, salty water to the North Atlantic, which, after losing heat to the atmosphere, produces the dense water masses that sink to great depths and circulate back south. Here we analyse two Caribbean Sea sediment cores, combining Mg/Ca palaeothermometry with measurements of oxygen isotopes in foraminiferal calcite in order to reconstruct tropical Atlantic surface salinity during the last glacial cycle. We find that Caribbean salinity oscillated between saltier conditions during the cold oxygen isotope stages 2, 4 and 6, and lower salinities during the warm stages 3 and 5, covarying with the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water formation. At the initiation of the B?lling/Aller?d warm interval, Caribbean surface salinity decreased abruptly, suggesting that the advection of salty tropical waters into the North Atlantic amplified thermohaline circulation and contributed to high-latitude warming.     

青钱柳种子形态特征的地理变异

对15个种源的青钱柳种子5项形态指标进行了测定和趋势面分析.结果表明:不同种源间种子千粒重、体积、直径和厚度的差异均达到极显著水平,而种子径厚比未达到显著水平;种子千粒重表现为西南一东北向变异,同时受热量及水分因子的制约;种子体积表现为由中心向四周递减的趋势,但受气候因子影响不大;种子厚度主要表现为同地理经度上的南北变异,与年均温、无霜期显著相关;而种子直径无明显地理变异规律.     

Palaeoceanographic implications of genetic variation in living North Atlantic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma

The shells of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma have become a classical tool for reconstructing glacial-interglacial climate conditions in the North Atlantic Ocean. Palaeoceanographers utilize its left- and right-coiling variants, which exhibit a distinctive reciprocal temperature and water mass related shift in faunal abundance both at present and in late Quaternary sediments. Recently discovered cryptic genetic diversity in planktonic foraminifers now poses significant questions for these studies. Here we report genetic evidence demonstrating that the apparent 'single species' shell-based records of right-coiling N. pachyderma used in palaeoceanographic reconstructions contain an alternation in species as environmental factors change. This is reflected in a species-dependent incremental shift in right-coiling N. pachyderma shell calcite delta18O between the Last Glacial Maximum and full Holocene conditions. Guided by the percentage dextral coiling ratio, our findings enhance the use of delta18O records of right-coiling N. pachyderma for future study. They also highlight the need to genetically investigate other important morphospecies to refine their accuracy and reliability as palaeoceanographic proxies.     

交趾黄檀种源苗期生长性状地理变异和遗传稳定性分析

【目的】交趾黄檀(Dalbergia cochinchinensis)是珍稀红木树种之一,其木材及木制品极为珍贵,亦具有重要的药用价值。为了研究交趾黄檀不同种源的苗木生长差异、种源与环境互作效应、地理变异模式以及遗传稳定性,进行不同种源交趾黄檀苗期生长评价,为交趾黄檀的幼林期试验提供科学指导和理论支持,也为今后进一步开展交趾黄檀优良种源选择和育苗工作奠定基础。【方法】将引种于泰国、柬埔寨交趾黄檀10个种源的种子分别在海南乐东、广东广州和福建漳州进行多点育苗试验,并对1年生的苗木开展苗期生长性状(苗高和地径)测定与分析。用ASReml-R 3.0对种源与试验点进行方差分析,探讨种源间变异水平以及遗传稳定性; 通过种源生长量均值与种子引种地的地理气候因子的简单相关分析揭示交趾黄檀苗期生长的地理变异模式; 应用R语言程序(GGEBiplots)双标图进行各种源表现型及试验点的代表性分析,并采用类平均法进行基于表型的种源系统聚类分析。【结果】①不同种源交趾黄檀在3个试验点中表现一致,平均参试苗木高生长表现最好的是泰国北柳(T-CS)种源,平均地径生长表现最好的是泰国呵叻(T-NR)种源,来自柬埔寨磅湛(C-KC)种源的苗木生长表现最差。②交趾黄檀种源间苗期生长性状具有显著差异,各性状种源×地点具有极显著效应,表明种源、环境、种源×环境互作等效应对交趾黄檀苗木生长性状影响极其显著。③通过不同种源苗木多点生长表现与引种地地理气候因子的相关分析发现,10个种源交趾黄檀的生长性状在地理空间上存在一定程度的连续变异。生长性状的地理变异存在明显的气候生态学特征,主要受经度和年降雨量控制。④通过各种源在3个试验点的GGE双标图分析,泰国北柳(T-CS)种源和柬埔寨暹粒(C-SR)种源在3个试验点表现较优。柬埔寨暹粒(C-SR)种源在3个试验点的生长相对较稳定。⑤根据苗木生长表现、种源及试验点的遗传稳定性和聚类分析的结果,可以将10个种源大致划分为4个类群。生长表现最好的一类种源在苗高和地径上比最差的种源分别提高了147.23%和80.50%。【结论】通过多点多种源的联合分析可知,交趾黄檀在我国南方地区苗期生长良好,尤其适应我国海南热带地区。综合各种源苗木在各试验点的苗期生长表现,初步筛选出泰国北柳(T-CS)和柬埔寨暹粒(C-SR)2个生长表现较优且适应性较强的种源,可在我国南方热带和亚热带地区开展引种和遗传育种工作。     

教育研究的地理学方法论

教育是人类基本的实践活动之一,它是在一定的地理环境中产生和发展起来的,并将在一定的地理环境中继续存在的发展。长期以来,尽管人们从不同的学科角度对教育进行了广泛而深入的研究,并且陆续建立了多门教育科学分支学科,但是,很少有人用空间的观点或者说从地理学的视角去探索教育,很少有人就用地理学的和方法去研究教育中的问题。本文是对教育研究的地理学方法论的开创性研究。     

花旗竿属(Dontostemon)植物的区系地理成分及其生态地理分布规律的分析

依据植物标本及有关文献资料,绘制了花旗竿属各个种的分布区图,从而确定了每个种的区系地理成分和该属的多度中心,同时对该属植物的生态地理分布规律做了研究     

河北分布新记录植物

报道了采自秦皇岛市的３种１变型河北分布记录植物,它们是中华鳞毛蕨Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｂａｋｅｒ）ｋｏｉｄｚ．辽东乌头ＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｌｉａｏｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｅＮａｋａｉ,株果紫堇Ｃｏｒｙｄａｌｉｓｐａｌｌｉｄａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｐｅｒｓ．和宽翅茶ｒａｐｅｌｌａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｆ．ａｎｔｅｎｉｆｅｒａ（Ｌｅｖ．）ｋｉｔａ。     

Massive emissions of toxic gas in the Atlantic

Recurrent eruptions of toxic hydrogen sulphide gas in the waters along the Namibian coast off southwestern Africa have been considered to be local features with only limited ecosystem-scale consequences. But satellite remote sensing has revealed that these naturally occurring events are much more extensive and longer-lasting than previously suspected, and that the resultant hypoxia may last for much longer. The effects on the marine ecology and valuable coastal fisheries of this region are likely to be important.     

试论地理环境与人地系统

界定了地理学对地理环境研究的范畴点讨了人地关系理论的发展过程和人地系统的基本内容，提出了协调人地关系的重要性及其途径．     

明代词学发展的地域群体特征——以吴中为例

明代词学群体是在乡邦资源的基础上,借助于家庭艺术教育,附属于其它艺术品创作形式之上,多产生于文人艺术家结社的环境之中,因此形成了家族性、非专业性、结社性的特征.     

当代毒品问题的地理研究

全球毒品的蔓延是现代经济发展不平衡和毒品生产的高额利润的恶果。毒品的非法生产、贩运与消费具有明显的区域性分布的特点。金三角、南美、金新月形地带为三大毒品产地，欧洲、美国、亚洲为重要的毒品消费区。