静电纺制备TiO_2-SiO_2复合纳米材料的最佳工艺条件

采用静电纺丝技术制备了TiO_2-SiO_2复合纳米纤维.以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、钛酸四丁酯和硅酸乙酯为主要原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备PVP/TBT/TEOS前驱复合纳米纤维,然后将前驱复合纳米纤维膜在马弗炉中煅烧至520℃得到TiO_2-SiO_2复合纳米膜.采用扫描电子显微镜和热重分析对材料形貌和结构进行了表征,得到直径范围分布窄、表面光滑、形貌良好的纳米纤维.结果表明:制备TiO_2-SiO_2复合纳米材料的最佳工艺条件为w(PVP)=8%,m(CH3COOH)=3.1g,w(TBT)=20%,w(TEOS)=16%;纺丝条件电压为11.00kV,接收距离为13~14cm,环境温度为27.4℃~30℃,环境湿度为39%~42%.     

电纺ZnO-碳复合纳米纤维制备及电容去离子研究

采用静电纺丝技术制备醋酸锌(Zn(Ac)——2)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)基复合纳米纤维,经预氧化、碳化及水洗处理后,制得含ZnO的复合碳纳米纤维(ZnO-CNF)电极.利用能量色散谱、X射线光电子能谱、透射电镜、拉曼光谱、热重分析、场发射扫描电镜、接触角测量仪和电化学技术表征纤维的结构和性能.结果表明,碳纤维内Zn元素分布均匀,且ZnO-CNF电极中Zn残余量随前驱液中Zn(Ac)2含量的变化而变化,同时Zn(Ac)——2的添加使得ZnO-CNF电极中碳石墨化程度提高且纤维表面亲水性改善.以该ZnO-CNF纤维为电极组装电容器用于电容去离子,ZnO的存在使电极电容性能得到明显改善,电容器去离子性能大大提高,最大电容脱盐量达到11.24mg/g.电容器脱盐的循环稳定性好,证明该ZnO-CNF电极的循环再生性好,有望应用于实际脱盐.     

PAN/ZnO抗静电纳米复合纤维膜的制备及性能研究

为了提高聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维的抗静电性能,以聚丙烯腈原丝为基料,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)为溶剂配制了聚丙烯腈纺丝液。然后通过超声波及机械搅拌的方法将不同质量分数的导电性能良好的纳米氧化锌(Zn O)分散在聚丙烯腈纺丝液中,配制成PAN/Zn O二元复合纺丝液,采用高压静电纺丝技术制备具有抗静电性能的PAN/Zn O纳米复合纤维。研究了PAN纺丝液、PAN/Zn O二元复合纺丝液的可纺性以及不同质量分数的纳米氧化锌对PAN/Zn O纳米复合纤维膜的结晶度及体积比电阻的影响。结果表明:纺丝液的可纺性较好,在体积分数为12%,纺丝电压为18k V,接收距离为15 cm,推进速度为0.000 5 mm/s的条件下进行静电纺丝,可以得到纤维直径均匀,纤维平行伸直度良好,表面光滑的PAN纳米纤维;随着纳米氧化锌质量分数的提高,PAN/Zn O纳米复合纤维表面变得粗糙,但结晶度无明显变化,体积比电阻减小,抗静电性能提高。     

静电纺丝制备Ag/ZnO复合材料及其光催化性能研究

以PVP为载体,乙酸锌(Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O)和硝酸银(AgNO₃)为原料,采用静电纺丝与煅烧相结合的方法制备了一系列银掺杂量不同的ZnO复合纳米材料.用SEM、FTIR、XRD对煅烧前后的纤维形貌和结构进行表征.以刚果红为目标降解物,考察了煅烧温度和Ag掺杂量对Ag/ZnO复合纳米纤维的光催化活性的影响.结果显示,煅烧温度和Ag掺杂量对复合纳米材料的催化活性影响显著,600 ℃煅烧3 h制得的Ag掺杂摩尔分数为6%的Ag/ZnO复合纳米材料,经155 W紫外灯照射210 min后对40 mg·L^-1刚果红溶液降解率可达99%以上.催化剂重复利用4次后对刚果红的催化降解率仍可保持在94%以上.     

静电纺丝法制备Y3Al5O12纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[Y(NO3)3 Al(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维,研究了反应体系的最佳组成,系统地讨论了静电纺丝工艺的影响,获得了最佳制备条件.将PVP/[Y(NO3)3 Al(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维在900 ℃焙烧10 h,获得了晶态的YAG纳米纤维.XRD分析表明,YAG纳米纤维属于立方晶系,空间群为Ia3d.SEM分析表明,PVP/[Y(NO3)3 Al(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维表面光滑,平均直径约为175 nm;YAG纳米纤维的直径约为75 nm,长度大于100 μm.该技术可以用来制备其他稀土石榴石型化合物纳米纤维.     

可降解聚合物抗菌纤维膜的原位制备及性能表征

以二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,以聚乳酸(PLA)为纺丝纤维基体,添加纳米氧化锌(Zn O)和表面活性剂吐温60,利用高压静电纺丝法,原位制备纳米Zn O/PLA复合纤维膜。所得纤维膜中,Zn O分散均匀,纤维平均直径约300 nm,且表面光滑。纺丝纤维的亲水性随着纳米Zn O的增加而大幅提高,断裂强度和延伸率随纳米Zn O含量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势。抗菌能力也呈现一定的Zn O含量依赖性。细胞毒性和细胞黏附实验表明,该抗菌纤维膜具有较好的细胞相容性。     

静电纺丝技术制备TiO_2纳米纤维的研究

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的乙醇溶液为基体,加入体积分数为6%的钛酸异丙酯,制得前驱体溶液,在高电场强度下用静电纺丝法制备了PVP/Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4复合纳米纤维,经600℃高温煅烧得到金红石和锐钛矿混杂的二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米纤维,直径约150～200 nm.研究了不同电纺参数对PVP/Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4复合纳米纤维的形貌的影响.通过差热-热重分析(TG-DSC)、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段对制得的TiO2纳米纤维进行表征.     

rGO/NiO复合纳米纤维的制备及室温气敏性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和乙酸镍(NiC_4H_6O_4·4H_2O)为主要原料,采用静电纺丝技术分别制备纯氧化镍(NiO)纳米纤维及还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/NiO复合纳米纤维.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对材料的结构和形貌进行了表征.透射电子显微镜观察结果直观证实了rGO/NiO复合纳米纤维中rGO成分的存在,而且rGO复合对NiO纳米纤维的晶体结构及形貌均无明显影响.以H_2S为主要目标气体,研究了rGO复合对NiO纳米管纤维气敏性能的影响,发现rGO复合显著提高了NiO纳米纤维对H_2S气体的敏感性,特别是1.0%rGO复合量的NiO纳米纤维对H_2S气体具有最佳的气敏性能,其对体积分数为10×10~(-6)的H_2S气体的室温灵敏度可达167.11,是纯NiO纳米纤维的23.8倍.     

Ag-Eu(TTA)3AA/PVP纳米纤维的制备及其荧光性能

通过静电纺丝原位反应法、同轴静电纺丝法两种方法制备了Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP纳米纤维,用SEM、TEM和荧光光谱研究了纳米银和所得纤维的形貌以及复合纤维的荧光性能。结果表明,所得纤维的直径小于1000nm,纳米银颗粒的直径从几十至200nm;Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP在纤维中分散均匀;两种方法制备的Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP纳米纤维中都存在着纳米银的荧光增强作用。     

碳纳米管/纤维素纳米复合材料的制备及酞菁功能化

在乙酸纤维素(CA)纺丝液中掺入多壁碳纳米管(MWNT),通过静电纺丝技术制备得到MWNT掺杂乙酸纤维素纳米纤维MWNT/CA-NF,通过KOH水解将其还原为MWNT掺杂纤维素纳米纤维MWNT/RC-NF.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了纳米纤维的形貌变化和MWNT的排列情况.对MWNT/RC-NF进行表面改性后将四氨基钴酞菁(CoPc)修饰于纳米复合材料表面,制备得到碳纳米管掺杂、酞菁功能化纳米纤维(MWNT/CoPc-s-NF),初步研究其对染料废水的催化氧化降解脱色性能.结果表明,MWNT的引入能有效提高CoPc的催化反应活性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that