10种绿化树种叶片硫、氯及氟含量的比较

为探究绿化树种叶片富集大气污染物的差异性,对新乡市10种道路绿化树种叶片硫、氯和氟的含量进行了分析.结果表明:10种绿化树种叶片硫、氯和氟的含量随春、秋季节的变化呈现递增趋势,硫、氯和氟的递增范围分别为104%~644%、127%~526%和164%~1117%;与清洁区相对照而言,污染区域供试的所有的绿化树种叶片污染物硫、氯和氟的含量都较高,其变化幅度范围分别为108%~342%、167%~503%和116%~421%.根据绿化树种叶片污染物含量的大小将其分成3类,第一类以杨树、臭椿和构树为代表,叶片污染物硫、氯和氟的含量较高;第二类包括悬铃木、紫叶李、榆树和垂柳,污染物含量居中;白蜡、银杏和国槐叶片硫、氯和氟的含量相对较低,归为第三类.其中叶片表面粗糙、具有密集绒毛和沟道组织的园林绿化树木叶片污染物含量较高.     

不同城市11种常用绿化树种滞尘能力研究

评估常见绿化树种的滞尘能力,为城市绿化树种选择提供参考。通过文献研究,选取11种常见绿化树种在中国大陆不同城市的滞尘数据,分析滞尘能力。研究显示:1)银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、垂柳(Salix babylonica)、栾树(Koelreuteria paniculate)、国槐(Sophora japonica)、毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)和香樟(Cinnamomum camphora) 6种乔木树种中,国槐的平均滞尘量为5. 27 g/m2,银杏、毛白杨和香樟的平均滞尘量在2. 38～4. 47 g/m2之间,垂柳和栾树的平均滞尘量分别为1. 36 g/m2、1. 59 g/m2,毛白杨的最大滞尘量为60. 4 g/m2,滞尘潜能略高于银杏、垂柳、栾树、国槐和香樟; 2)紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera)、大叶黄杨(Buxus megistophylla)、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)、榆叶梅(Prunus triloba)和珊瑚树(Viburnum awabuki) 5种灌木树种中,大叶黄杨的平均滞尘量为5. 15 g/m2,紫叶李、桂花和珊瑚树的平均滞尘量在3. 31～3. 53 g/m2之间,榆叶梅的平均滞尘量为2. 23 g/m2,且大叶黄杨的最大滞尘量为31 g/m2,滞尘潜能高于紫叶李、桂花、榆叶梅和珊瑚树; 3)灌木树种叶片滞尘量大于乔木树种叶片滞尘量,且平均单位叶面积滞尘量为乔木的1. 27倍。研究认为在灰尘浓度较高的城市可增加对国槐、毛白杨和大叶黄杨的种植。     

基于i-Tree模型的郑州市行道树生态效益评估

抽样调查了郑州市道路总长度的10%共128条道路的行道树,运用i-Tree模型对其生态效益进行了评估.结果显示,郑州市行道树共14科20属22种,80%树木胸径10~30 cm,90%树木健康水平为良好以上;总生态效益2 476.77万元,其中截留雨水效益占55.03%,其他依次为碳储存、美学、CO_2吸收、节能和空气质量改善;总生态效益中,悬铃木的贡献率69.43%,其次为国槐和白蜡;单株加权平均效益为2106元/株,悬铃木最高,其次为臭椿、国槐、白蜡和雪松;大叶女贞、银杏和枇杷无论是贡献率还是单株加权平均效益均最低.     

31种园林植物对重金属的富集研究

采集南京市不同功能区的土壤和31种园林植物,分析了Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn在土壤和植物中的含量,计算了31种园林植物不同器官的重金属富集系数。结果表明,南京市各功能区均不同程度的有重金属累积现象,表现为复合污染。在研究的31种园林植物中,黑松、国槐和杜鹃对Cd、Cu和Zn污染土壤有较强的修复能力;雪松和南天竹对Cd和Zn污染土壤有较强修复能力;栾树和宽叶十大功劳对Cd和Zn污染土壤有较强修复能力。另外,南天竹、桂花、红花继木、侧柏、法国冬青和杜鹃对Pb污染土壤有较强的修复能力;桂花、侧柏、梧桐、马褂木、法国冬青和宽叶十大功劳对Cu污染土壤有较强的修复能力;黄杨对Cr污染土壤等有较强的修复能力。对Zn污染土壤修复的园林植物较多,有水杉、香樟、龙柏、悬铃木、女贞、夹竹桃、黄杨、紫叶李、侧柏、柳杉、马褂木、法国冬青、垂柳、加拿大杨和栾树。特别值得注意的是宽叶十大功劳的根、茎、叶对Zn的富集系数分别为2.04、0.84和1.73,同时对土壤Cd也有较强富集能力,是理想的修复城市Cd、Zn复合污染土壤的园林植物。     

徐州市石灰岩低山丘陵地立地分类及应用研究

通过对徐州市石灰岩低山丘陵地的野外调查,将其以坡度划分立地类型小区,以土被连续性划分立地类型组,以土层厚度划分立地类型,共分出3个立地类型小区,12个类型组和30个立地类型。结合前期调查所得结果分析得出,研究区30个立地类型均可通过运用适当的人工工程措施和生物措施进行综合治理,侧柏、五角枫、刺槐、乌桕、女贞、雪松、黄连木、楝树、火炬漆、全缘叶栾树、臭椿、柿树、朴树、构树、桧柏为石灰岩低山丘陵地造林适宜树种。     

栖霞山矿区植物对重金属元素富集能力的探讨

通过对南京栖霞山铅锌矿区矿粉运输道路两侧和转运站附近的土壤、木本植物和草本植物中重金属元素Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr的含量测试和分析,表明该地区土壤重金属污染十分严重。经对比筛选,木本植物中泡桐(Paulownia fortunei)、白榆(Ulmus pumila)和构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)具有较高的重金属综合富集能力,雪松(Cedrus deodara)、悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)和女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)等树种亦有一定的富集能力,这些树种可被选为该区净化重金属污染的绿化树种;草本植物中,狗牙根(Cynodon dacytlon)的富集能力大大超过其他草本植物。因而在Cd、Pb和Zn严重污染的环境中,选择泡桐、白榆、构树和狗牙根的乔木和草本植物组合是该类污染区植物修复的有效途径。     

西安城区绿化植物滞尘能力研究

通过城市绿化降低粉尘,减弱粉尘对人体健康的危害具有重要意义。以实地调研为主,查阅资料为辅的方法对西安城区植物滞尘能力进行研究。在西安市区各主干道及场所实地采样,通过实验测出各种绿化植物的滞尘能力,得到各种植物的滞尘效果有差异。通过研究表明,不同树种由于生理差异、生长环境不同,它们的滞尘能力也不同,所选树种中滞尘能力强的树种有:国槐、大叶女贞、红叶李、垂柳、臭椿、毛白杨等。     

基于植物多样性的武汉市道路绿化研究

在采用抽样调查方法对武汉市区道路绿化进行调查的基础上,分析了武汉市道路绿地的物种组成、物种丰富度、频度及植物多样性组成.结果表明:武汉市区道路绿地植物种类共有64种,其中木本植物55种,占总数的85.9%.木本植物中常绿树种37种,落叶树种18种;乔木19种,灌木36种.在乔木层中,桂花、二球悬铃木、樟树、欧美杨、雪松、广玉兰等的出现频度及丰富度均较高;灌木层中出现频度及丰富度较高的植物有:红花檵木、海桐、石楠、月季、紫叶李等,并针对城市绿化现状与存在的问题提出了道路绿地建设的建议和对策.     

柳州市城郊常见食果鸟类调查

2004年5月至2005年4月,作者以广西生态工程职业技术学院及其周围为主,对广西柳州市城郊常见食果鸟类进行了调查。采用观察鸟类取食树木果实情况和调查实生苗分布情况的办法,确认柳州市食果鸟类有62种,分属4目18科,以留鸟为主。取食浆果、核果、梨果、坚果、荚果及蒴果等,以肉质果实为偏好。它们通过吞食、啄食或衔走啄食,遗弃种子及藏匿果实等方式来传播构树、朴树、小叶女贞、桃金娘等植物,对柳州市的荒山绿化起到重要作用。     

工业搬迁区常见乔木树种重金属累积特征分析

以沈阳市铁西工业区常见绿化乔木为研究对象,经野外采样和实验室分析,对8种植物的根、枝条和叶片内的4种重金属元素铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)和锌(Zn)的含量进行分析测试和统计学分析.结果表明,调查区域土壤中4种重金属的变异程度均较大,其中Cd的变异系数最大,为75%,其次为Pb,变异系数为54%,这与历史上该区域受工业活动影响程度较大有关.不同种景观植物根、枝条和叶片对重金属的蓄积能力差异显著(p<0.05),同种植物不同部位的重金属提取能力也有所差别.综合分析,对Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn 4种重金属蓄积能力均较好的植物为垂柳、旱柳、国槐和银中杨.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with