Synaptic glomeruli in the thalamus of the rat: Three-dimensional relationships between glomerular components

Résumé L'organisation tridimensionelle des glomérules synaptiques enveloppés dans les processus astrocytiques du thalamus somatosensoriel du rat a été étudié par microscopie électronique. Un glomérule entier a été reconstruit et divers paramètres des rapports synaptiques et non-synaptiques entre les éléments constitutifs ont été mesurés.     

Synaptic boutons in the hippocampus: Changes are produced by age and experience

Zusammenfassung Erstmaliger morphometrischer Nachweis bei 2 Gruppen reifer, altersunterschiedlicher Ratten, dass die Zahl der Synapsen im Hippocampus mit dem Alter zunimmt, wobei die effektive Steigerungsrate auch mit Umwelteinflüssen zusammenhängen könnte.

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This work was supported by grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health to JJB (No. NS-06164) and to LEW,Jr., (No. NS-09358) and funds from the Center for Neurobiological Sciences of the University of Florida (No. NIH-MH-10320).     

The Dostoevsky Machine in Georgetown: scientific translation in the Cold War

SUMMARY

Machine Translation (MT) is now ubiquitous in discussions of translation. The roots of this phenomenon — first publicly unveiled in the so-called ‘Georgetown-IBM Experiment’ on 9 January 1954 — displayed not only the technological utopianism still associated with dreams of a universal computer translator, but was deeply enmeshed in the political pressures of the Cold War and a dominating conception of scientific writing as both the goal of machine translation as well as its method. Machine translation was created, in part, as a solution to a perceived crisis sparked by the massive expansion of Soviet science. Scientific prose was also perceived as linguistically simpler, and so served as the model for how to turn a language into a series of algorithms. This paper follows the rise of the Georgetown program — the largest single program in the world — from 1954 to the (as it turns out, temporary) collapse of MT in 1964.     

Synaptic bar in the efferent part of a synapse in the organ of CORTI

Zusammenfassung Synapsenstäbchen (synaptic bars) wurden bisher im präsynaptischen Abschnitt afferenter Synapsen in Sinnesorganen beschrieben. Überrachenderweise fanden wir im Cortischen Organ eines Meerschweinchenfeten einen «synaptic bar» in einer efferenten Synapse, und zwar im basalen Cytoplasma einer äusseren Haarzellen senkrecht zur synaptischen Membran stehend und von Vesikeln (Durchmesser 33 nm) ungeben.     

Analysis of translation products synthesized in isolated rat hepatocytes treated with diethylnitrosamine

Summary Isolated rat hepatocytes were labeled with³⁵S-methionine in the presence of 25 mM diethylnitrosamine (DENA). The intrinsically labeled proteins were analyzed by one-and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the fluorographic patterns were compared with those obtained from untreated hepatocytes. The results of short term experiments (2 h) show that, in the presence of 25 mM DENA, protein synthesis is inhibited by 50%. This reduction encompasses all protein species without selective inhibition of certain proteins.This work was supported by CNR (Project Control of Neoplastic Growth) grant No. 810132696 and partially by AIRC.     

Analysis of translation products synthesized in isolated rat hepatocytes treated with diethylnitrosamine

Isolated rat hepatocytes were labeled with 35S-methionine in the presence of 25 mM diethylnitrosamine (DENA). The intrinsically labeled proteins were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the fluorographic patterns were compared with those obtained from untreated hepatocytes. The results of short term experiments (2 h) show that, in the presence of 25 mM DENA, protein synthesis is inhibited by 50%. This reduction encompasses all protein species without selective inhibition of certain proteins.