多层喷射沉积过共晶Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金的微观组织及力学性能

多层喷射沉积技术具有冷速快、工艺简单、氧化程度低、制备的材料组织细小且分布均匀等特点．而使高硅铝合金充分发挥实用价值的关键是细化初晶硅．作者用多层喷射沉积技术制备了过共晶Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金,并与传统的铸态冶金制备的相同化学成分的合金进行了比较．对合金的沉积坯、热挤压处理后的微观组织进行了观察与分析．结果表明,多层喷射沉积合金的初晶硅大小只有25μm左右．并对合金的拉伸性能、扫描断口进行了测试与观察,提出了合金的强化与断裂机制．     

Optimization of wear parameters of binary Al-25Zn and Al-3Cu alloys using design of experiments

Zinc-aluminum alloys have been used as bearing materials in the past. In recent years, binary Al-Zn alloys and Al-Zn-Cu alloys are being used as an alternative to the Zn-Al alloys for bearing applications. In this study, both binary Al-25Zn and Al-3Cu were prepared using stir casting process. Homogenization of the as-cast alloys was performed at 350℃ for 8 h and then, the alloys were furnace-cooled to 50℃. The homogenization led to the removal of the dendritic structure of the as-cast alloys. After homogenization, wear parameters optimization was carried out using Taguchi technique. For this purpose, L₉ orthogonal array was selected, and the control parameters selected are load, velocity, and sliding distance. The optimum parametric condition was obtained using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis, and specific wear rate (SWR) is the selected response. The "smaller-the-better" is the goal of the experiment for S/N ratio analysis. After the optimization, confirmation tests were carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) from the developed regression equation. Finally, wear mechanism studies were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) images.     

氮化硅陶瓷的摩擦磨损特性

采用无压烧结和反应烧结两种方法制备氮化硅陶瓷，利用拴盘式摩擦实验机考察了氮化硅与ＧＣｒ１５球对磨的摩擦损特性，结果表明，虽然氮化硅具有较高的摩擦系数，但磨损率较低，特别是在水和油等介质存在的条件下，氮化硅具有低摩擦和磨损的特性。     

Si及Sb对铸态Mg-Al-Si合金组织和力学性能的影响

用普通铸造法制备不同Al、Si含量的Mg-Al-Si三种合金,研究了Si含量和微量Sb对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着Si含量增加,合金中的Mg2Si逐渐变粗大,合金力学性能逐渐提高。添加0.75%Sb后,三种合金均产生Mg3Sb2相,粗大的Mg2Si得到细化,呈相对弥散分布,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度进一步提高。拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

Effect of Mg and Si on infiltration behavior of Al alloys pressureless infiltration into porous SiCp preforms

The effect of Mg and Si additon to Al matrix on infiltration kinetics and rates of Al alloys pressureless infiltration into porous SiCp preform was investigated by observing the change of infiltration distance with time as the Al alloys infiltrate into SiCp preforms at different temperatures. The results show that infiltration of SiCp preforms by Al melt is a thermal activation process and there is an incubation period before the infiltration becomes stable. With the increase of Mg content in the Al alloys from 0wt% to 8wt%, the infiltration will become much easier, the incubation period becomes shorter and the infiltration rate is faster, but these effects are not obvious when the Mg content is higher than 8wt%. As for Si addition to the Al alloys, it has no obvious effect on the incubation period, but the infiltration rate increases markedly with the increase of Si content from 0wt% to 12wt% and the rate has no obvious change when the content is bigger than 12wt%. The effect of Mg and Si on the incubation period is related to the infiltration mechanism of Al pressureless infiltration into SiCp preforms and their impact on the infiltration rate is a combined result from viscosity and surface tension of Al melt and SiC-Al wetting ability.     

过剩硅含量对Mg2 Si/Al复合材料组织和耐磨性的影响

采用重力铸造法制备不同过剩硅含量的原位Mg_2Si/Al复合材料,研究过剩硅含量对Mg_2Si/Al复合材料组织和耐磨性的影响.结果表明:随着过剩硅含量、磷加入量的增加,初生Mg_2Si的体积分数增加,尺寸却减小;初生硅的体积分数随过剩硅含量的增加而增加;当过剩硅的含量增加到16%时,初生硅的平均尺寸没有发生明显变化,规则生长的α-Al树枝晶不断破裂,变得圆整;初生硅依附或包围初生Mg_2Si生长.当初生Mg_2Si和初生硅同时存在时,磷对初生Mg_2Si的变质效果优于其对初生硅的变质效果.干滑动试验发现,在恒定的载荷、滑动速率以及磨损距离下,随着过剩硅含量的增加,Mg_2Si/Al复合材料的磨损失重逐渐减小.     

Mn元素对过流冷却过共晶Al-22Si-2Fe-xMn合金显微组织及耐磨性的影响

采用常规铸造和分段式倾斜板过流冷却铸造工艺制备Al-22Si-2Fe-xMn合金,研究表明:过流冷却制备工艺能够改善初生Si形貌及尺寸,但对针状富Fe相作用有限.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射及透射电镜等手段分析过流冷却条件下Mn元素添加对富Fe相晶体结构的影响,通过摩擦磨损实验研究不同Mn/Fe质量比的过共晶Al-Si合金的硬度及耐磨损性能.结果表明:随着过流冷却铸造过共晶Al-Si合金中Mn/Fe质量比增加,合金中四方结构的长针状富Fe相逐渐减少直至基本消失,当Mn/Fe质量比为0.7时,富Fe相主要为六方结构的块状或鱼骨状α-Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2相,此时,合金耐磨性较未添加Mn元素时有所提升,磨损机制以磨料磨损方式为主.     

含铝量对锌基合金耐磨性的影响

研究了含铝量对高铝锌基合金在边界摩擦条件下耐磨性的影响，并探讨了锌基合金的磨损机理。研究结果表明，随着含铝量的提高，锌基合金的摩擦系数减小，耐磨性提高，在高速重载条件下，含铝量为４８％的高铝锌基合金的耐磨性最佳。     

Effects of high-pressure rheo-squeeze casting on the Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al-17Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys

The effects of high pressure rheo-squeeze casting (HPRC) on the Fe-rich phases (FRPs) and mechanical properties of Al-17Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys were investigated. The alloy melts were first treated by ultrasonic vibration (UV) and then formed by high-pressure squeeze casting (HPSC). The FRPs in the as-cast HPSC Al-17Si-1Fe alloys only contained a long, needle-shaped β-Al₅FeSi phase at 0 MPa. In addition to the β-Al₅FeSi phase, the HPSC Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy also contained the plate-shaped δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase. A fine, block-shaped δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase was formed in the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy treated by UV. The size of FRPs decreased with increasing pressure. After UV treatment, solidification under pressure led to further refinement of the FRPs. Considering alloy samples of the same composition, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the HPRC samples was higher than that of the HPSC samples, and the UTS increased with increasing pressure. The UTS of the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy formed by HPSC exceeded that of the Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy formed in the same manner under the same pressure. Conversely, the UTS of the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy formed by HPRC decreased to a value lower than that of the Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy formed in the same manner.     

熔盐电解法制取Al-Si合金

按照工业铝电解生产的方式,采用Na3AlF6 Al2O3体系作为支持电解质,加入SiO2,在熔融状态下电解,得到Al Si合金·利用扫描电镜对产物的形貌和化学成分进行了分析,结果表明合金中Si的含量可达到30%以上,为过共晶产物·结晶Si的形貌是典型的针片状·此产品可作为母合金使用·根据实验结果,对熔盐电解法制备Al Si母合金的机理进行了讨论,认为Al Si合金的生成是由于两种机制共同作用的结果:Al还原了SiO2中的Si,构成Al Si合金;Si与Al同时在阴极析出,形成Al Si合金·保持Al2O3及SiO2的浓度,电解可始终进行·此法可以作为一种新的合金生产方式在实际中应用·     

几种6000系汽车板铝合金的结晶相

通过扫描电镜/能谱、X射线衍射以及金相分析,针对几种6000系汽车板铝合金,研究了不同的合金成分对结晶相的影响.结果表明,合金铸造时形成的结晶相为Al1.9CuMg4.1Si3.3,Al8(FeMnCr)2Si,Al5(FeMnCr)Si,Al4(MnFeCr)3Si2,Al5(MnFeCr)12Si7以及Mg2Si.随Mg/Si,Mg/Cu质量比及Mn含量的增大,Mg2Si和Al(FeMnCr)Si/Al(MnFeCr)Si型结晶相数量增多.均匀化时,除发生Al5(FeMnCr)Si向Al8(FeMnCr)2Si相的转变外,其他结晶相的类型不变.在随后的固溶处理和时效过程中,结晶相不再发生变...     

Mg-Li合金界面结构及合金化效应的第一性原理研究

利用第一性原理中的DFT理论,研究了Mg/Li界面的能量和电子结构,讨论了替位型掺杂的元素Zn、Al、Si、Ca在Mg/Li界面处的作用。结果表明,合金化元素Zn、Si、Al替换界面处Li原子后,均可提高Mg/Li界面的结合能力,使得界面更加稳定。同时,研究了Mg/Li界面体系的总能量、界面面积、电荷密度以及应力-应变曲线,表明了Zn、Si、Al可改善Mg/Li界面的结合能力,它们由强到弱为:Zn,Si,Al。另外还探讨了合金化元素的强化机理。     

机械合金化制备的Al基轴承合金的结构与性能

采用机械合金化方法制备Al-Pb和Al-Sn基合金粉末,然后通过烧结将之制备成合金.采用XRD、SEM、TEM分析技术对合金的微观结构进行表征,结果表明在适当机械合金化和烧结工艺条件下,可得到Al基体上均匀分布尺寸约为100nm的软相Pb或Sn的合金.摩擦摩损性能测试表明,这种组织结构的Al基轴承合金具有优良的性能.对Pb相粗化的研究表明,这种纳米复合结构具有较好的稳定性,其第二相的长大仍然满足关于粗化的经典理论——LSW理论.研究中还特别关注了机械合金化过程中的污染对Al基轴承合金组织结构的影响,发现铁污染会导致Al7Cu2Fe相的生成,氧污染则导致Pb颗粒上有Al2O3附着.     

铸铝合金在潮湿大气中的腐蚀及其微观机制

用模拟湿热腐蚀试验方法在工业纯铝、ＺＬ１０２和ＺＬ１０９合金表面诱发腐蚀,用ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＳ和ＸＲＤ等实验手段观察和分析了铸铝合金中第二相和腐蚀产物的微观形貌及化学成分,研究了第二相与表面缺陷对铸铝合金大气腐蚀发生机制的影响．结果表明,在吸附了水分和侵蚀性Ｃｌ－的微观孔隙周围,由Ａｌ６Ｃｕ３Ｓｉ相粒子和铝基体构成的腐蚀微电池发生电化学反应,电位较负的Ａｌ首先发生溶解,导致了局部点状腐蚀;腐蚀产物中除了存在少量共晶硅、氧化铝外,主要由铝的不溶性氢氧化物构成．在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ水溶液中的电化学测试结果表明,由于富铜Ａｌ６Ｃｕ３Ｓｉ第二相粒子的存在,在含侵蚀性Ｃｌ－的介质中,ＺＬ１０２、ＺＬ１０９合金比纯铝具有更强的腐蚀倾向．     

基于正交试验的高强高导AA8000系铝合金的优化设计

采用正交试验进行合金成分优化设计,运用二元搭配表得到最优的合金成分,研究了Fe、Si含量对AA8000系铝合金性能的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）,金相显微镜（OM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）,研究了Fe、Si及其交互作用对铝合金微观组织的影响.探究了不同的组织相貌对铝合金电学性能及力学性能的影响,并从理论上分析了Fe、Si的交互作用机理.研究结果表明：由正交试验得到最优的合金元素组成,当Fe的质量分数为0.4%,Si的质量分数为0.2%时,合金具有较高的导电率和较高的强度;Fe、Si存在交互作用,Fe与Si可以形成Al₈Fe₂Si三元中间相,减少了Si对铝合金导电性能的不利影响.     

基于正交试验对铸造铝合金电导率和抗拉强度影响规律的分析

挑选了铝合金中常用的9种合金元素,根据这些元素对铝合金物理性能和微观组织的影响规律和影响机制进行了分类。通过设计四因素三变量正交试验分析了这些合金元素对Al-7Si合金导电性能和抗拉强度的影响规律,为开发兼具高导电(热)性能和高强度铸造铝合金提供了有价值的工艺参考。通过对比发现,Sr元素能有效将共晶Si相变质为纤维状,这有利于合金电导率的提升;质量分数为0.6%的Fe也能适当提升合金的电导率。Sb元素能有效将共晶Si相变质为细小片状,这有利于合金抗拉强度的提升;质量分数为0.5%的Ni或0.5%的Zn也能适当提升合金的抗拉强度。Sr和Sb同时加入合金中,共晶Si相的变质效果会恶化,并导致粗大片状共晶Si相析出。     

Fabrication and characterization of nanocrystalline Al/Al12（Fe,V）3Si alloys by consolidation of mechanically alloyed powders

The aim of this study was to produce bulk nanocrystalline Al/Al12（Fe,V）3Si alloys by mechanical alloying （MA） and subsequent hot pressing （HP） of elemental powders. A nanostructured Al-based solid solution was formed by MA of elemental powders for 60 h. After HP of the as-milled powders at 550℃ for 20 min, the Al12（Fe,V）3Si phase was precipitated in a nanocrystalline Al matrix. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images of the bulk samples represented a homogeneous and uniform microstructure that was superior to those previously obtained by rapid solidification-powder metallurgy （RS-PM）. Nanostructured Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si and Al-11.6Fe-1.3V-2.3Si alloys ex-hibited high HV hardness values of～205 and～254, respectively, which are significantly higher than those reported for the RS-PM counter-parts.     

Wettability and pressureless infiltration mechanism in SiC-Cu systems

The wetting behavior of copper alloys on SiC substrates was studied by a sessile drop technique. The microstructure of SiC_p/Cu composites and the pressureless infiltration mechanism were analyzed. The results indicate that Ti and Cr are effective elements to improve the wettability, while Ni, Fe, and Al have minor influence on the improvement of wettability. Non-wetting to wetting transition occurs at 1210 and 1190℃ for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si and Cu-3Si-2Al-1Ti, respectively. All the copper alloys react with SiC at the interface forming a reaction layer except for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si. High Si content favors the suppression of interracial reaction. The infiltration mechanism during pressureless infiltration is attributed to the decomposition of SiC. The beneficial effect of Fe, Ni, and Al is to favor the dissolution of SiC. The real active element during pressureless infiltration is Si.     

粉末冶金Al-10%Ti复合材料的力学和耐磨性能

文章采用“冷压烧结+热挤压”的粉末冶金法制备出Al—10％Ti复合材料,研究了Al—10％Ti复合材料的孔隙率、抗拉强度、伸长率、硬度和耐磨行为。结果表明:与Al相比,Al-10％Ti复合材料的孔隙率较高,抗拉强度和伸长率较低,硬度和耐磨性较高;Al-10％Ti复合材料的磨损体积损失分别是Al的1/22.3及Qsn6.5-0.4的1/14.8,其磨损表面呈Al基体+Ti颗粒+孔隙的耐磨组织。     

Al_2O_3对钼合金组织与性能的影响

以二氧化钼和硝酸铝为原料,用液-固掺入法制备了Al2O3体积分数分别为3%、5%、7%和10%的钼合金。测定了混合钼粉的粒度、钼基体的显微硬度、钼合金的密度及磨损性能,用SEM观察了混合钼粉的形貌与钼合金的显微组织,用XRD分析了钼合金的相组成。结果表明:钼合金由Mo和Al2O3组成;随Al2O3体积分数增加,钼合金晶粒细化,钼基体显微硬度增加,钼合金密度先增加后减小;钼合金摩擦因数受Al2O3体积分数的影响较小,摩擦因数的值在0.47～0.57之间波动;随Al2O3体积分数增加,磨损量不断减少,磨损类型主要以滑动磨损为主,磨损表面有明显的犁沟和磨屑。