Migration in later life: evidence from the British Household Panel Study

This article uses data from the British Household Panel Study over the period 1991 - 2007 to examine the factors associated with residential mobility among people aged 50 and over. In line with earlier research, the likelihood of migrating, that is, changing address, is found to vary according to the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the older person. Those in late middle age (50-59) and the oldest-old (90 and over) were most likely to move. Migration was also strongly associated with changes in partnership, health and economic status during the last 12 months, highlighting the importance of seeing migration within a life course context with certain life course events such as divorce, widowhood or retirement being important triggers for prompting a move. As divorce and remarriage become more common in later life, 'relationship driven migration' is likely to become more important, adding a new category to the classical typology of later life migration.     

The decline of intensive intergenerational care of older people in Great Britain, 1985-1995

There are increasing concerns about the future availability of informal care for older people, particularly care by their children. This article explores past trends in the provision of informal care by children/children-in-law to their older parents/parents-in-law between 1985 and 1995 in Great Britain, using successive General Household Survey data. The article suggests that, during this period, there was a decline in co-resident intergenerational care and that this was associated with a decline in highly intensive intergenerational care. The article explores possible factors underlying these trends, in particular, demographic changes and changes in patterns of formal care for older people.     

The dynamics of living arrangements in later life: evidence from the British Household Panel Survey

Living arrangements are a key dimension of quality of life and well-being in old age. Availability of family care, as well as social and economic support, is in part a function of whom you live with. In order to be able to forecast future changes in household composition, particularly in relation to planning and targeting particular community care services, information is needed on the probability of a person experiencing a change in their living arrangements, and the life course events that may act as triggers for such changes. This article uses data from the British Household Panel Survey (1991-99) to analyse the dynamics of living arrangements in later life.     

Fragmented life courses: the changing profile of Britain's ethnic populations

This article describes the potential of the Longitudinal Study to analyse different ethnic groups by broad period of entry. This is illustrated with the use of one variable (childlessness), but could be the basis for further analytical work on other variables. Each group has a unique demographic profile, which is largely explained by its migration history. Migration influences important life course transitions. Differences between more established residents (present in 1981 and 1991) and less established residents (present in 1991 only) imply that generalisations for the entire ethnic group or future generations should not be made.     

Living arrangements among older people: an overview of trends in Europe and the USA

This article compares the trends in living arrangements of older people in several European countries and in the United States. Trends and cross-country variability in several factors that could account for these cross-national differences, including marital status, fertility, labour force participation and attitudes, are also examined. In most countries the proportion of older people living alone increased substantially between 1970 and 1990. However the increase in living alone stabilised or even declined between 1990 and 2000 in most of the countries analysed indicating a possible reversal in the trend. Increases in proportions of older women who are married and reductions in the proportions childless may partially explain this. Considerable variability in both trends and levels of older people's living arrangements was seen especially between north-western and southern European countries. These variations mirrored contrasts in attitudes towards residential care and parent-child coresidence between the countries.     

从市场经济自组织过程看社会公正

市场经济的有序运行是一个由微观运行机制和宏观运行机制共同起作用的自组织过程。微观运行机制是市场经济自组织运行的重要动力,宏观运行机制是市场经济自组织运行的基本保证。市场经济自组织运行有利于实现社会公正、社会公正反过去又能促进市场经济的自组织运行。     

Transformation Processes of the Corporate Development in Russia: Social Responsibility Issues

The financial and economic crisis made visible the level of readiness to changes in the different types of organizations throughout the world and Russia. The variation of social and economic programs implemented by governmental and corporate sectors is widely seen; not all of them work positively for population, especially in the emerging markets countries. In the same time 20 years of the market economy in Russia, for instance, have definitely built a new social and economic system; but has Russia changed fundamentally in the management techniques? The presented paper generalizes some trends of the corporate development in Russia in the context of social responsibility and socio-economic transformation. The author attempts to define the place of Russia on the world map of corporate social responsibility.     

Changing economic and social roles: the experience of four cohorts of mid-life individuals in Britain, 1985-2000

Men and women in Great Britain are increasingly involved in a variety of economic and social roles, particularly during their mid-life period. This article examines the changes in role occupancy across four birth cohorts passing throughout mid-life over the period 1985-2000. Data from the General Household Survey is used to investigate the occupancy of four key roles: 'partner', 'parent', 'carer' and 'paid worker', analyzing separate and multiple role occupancies and level of commitment to a particular role. The implications of the findings for health and employment policies is also discussed.     

重复囚徒困境博弈中社会合作的仿真

利用Multi-Agent仿真方法建立了一个人工社会,研究了两种个体行为模式下社会合作的演化。在人工社会中有多个智能自适应主体,主体之间进行重复囚徒困境博弈,并采用模仿学习算法改进策略。在基本模型中没有个体的历史行为信息,系统自发演化;在信誉模型中,主体的历史行为累积为信誉,在交互前主体根据对方的信誉临时调整策略。仿真结果显示:系统的演化复杂多样,均有合作的突现和崩溃。对两模型的合作指标比较表明,根据信誉调整策略的行为模式对促进合作无显著效果。     

Governing a Collective Bad: Social Learning in the Management of Crop Diseases

Systemic Practice and Action Research - There has been strong research interest in designing and testing learning approaches for enhancing and sustaining the capacity of communities to manage...     

The Role of Social Media in Providing Crisis Information in China:A Critical Evaluation of the Tianjin Fire Incident

This paper focusses on the information asymmetry in crisis news after a serious incident in Tianjin, China, in 2015. The incident caused enormous damage and resulted in societal unrest because of the lack of reliable information from the formal media channels. Social media — micro blogs —played a major role in reporting on crisis situations. We divided netizens(i.e., the citizens of the net)into high and low types according to their information-critical level to the crisis news. The data shows information deterioration on the crisis news, related to the netizens' information-critical level. For the traditional media there is the opportunity to use information quality distortion to make more marginal profits. This is possible only if the citizens' information stays under a certain quality level. The result is overprovision of low quality news and high quality news driven out of the market, whereupon adverse selection(i.e., a lack of symmetric information) appears. However, by adopting a process view, we found self-correcting mechanism(i.e., dying out of rumors) of the social media communities in China.We provided a agent-base model and simulation to show that the more media exist in the market, the faster speed of the information deterioration, but also the capacity to ‘discuss' rumors.     

Student Engineers as Agents of Change: Combining Social Inclusion in the Professional Development of Electrical and Computer Engineering Students

Community-based action research helps students link subject matter to everyday life and developing sense of responsibility to their community. While combining research and a development into teaching engineering software which has been vastly conducted in engineering disciplines such as Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and Computer Science (CS), including inclusive participatory research is yet to be fully developed. We participated in the NGO by providing information technology (IT) and/or assistive technology (AT). This paper examines the practice of action research in service-learning projects that aim to introduce more socially responsible studies in the context of engineering education. It begins by exploring different forms of action research that may benefit engineering disciplines with a focus on action engagement to improve students’ involvement in marginalized communities. The article provides field-based reflections of the action research project and suggests ways in which practice of action research may increase socially responsive value in the professional development of student engineers.     

从系统观看重庆统筹城乡教育发展

重庆统筹城乡教育发展对促进统筹城乡综合发展有重要意义。本文利用乌杰系统辩证学中的系统观和系统分析法,对重庆统筹城乡教育发展中的问题进行了系统深入的分析,提出了合理化建议和意见。     

普遍信任视角下城市居民绿色住宅支付意愿的影响因素:中国部分一线城市的证据

绿色住宅的推广和使用是降低建筑能耗、实现减排目标的重要途径.基于普遍信任视角,从居民内在心理因素与外在情境因素入手,系统构建城市居民绿色住宅支付意愿影响因素的研究模型,并探求普遍信任的一阶及高阶调节效应及影响该效应发挥作用的边界条件.结果显示,对于内在心理因素,普遍信任对居民绿色住宅认知与支付意愿的关系有显著的正向调节作用,但易受到居民损失规避心理的负向影响;普遍信任对居民环境关心与支付意愿的关系有显著的正向调节作用,且易受到居民广告诉求(来源可靠性诉求和利已诉求)的正向影响;普遍信任对居民道德认同与支付意愿的关系有显著的正向调节作用,且易受到居民高解释水平的正向影响.对于外在情境因素,普遍信任对社会风气/群体压力与支付意愿的关系有显著的正向调节作用,且权威认证标识有助于增加居民对绿色住宅的"初始信任",助推居民主动购买绿色住宅社会风气的形成.基于实证研究结论,在政府、开发商及居民个体层面提出相应建议.     

Marriages in approved premises and register offices in England and Wales: the proportions of couples who marry away from home

This article analyses how one of the two new facilities of the Marriage Act 1994 has been used in practice; the extent to which couples marry with a civil wedding in registration districts in which neither party resides--"away marriages". The Act made these "away marriages" possible for the first time from the beginning of 1995. Using two samples of marriages in England and Wales in 1998, the numbers and characteristics of away marriages are contrasted between those solemnized in approved premises and those in register offices. Comparisons are also made between "home marriages" and "away marriages".     

Applying Participatory Processes: Findings from a Supply Chain Analysis on the Commercialisation of Paper Mulberry Bark in Laos

Although participatory supply chain analysis (PSCA) is widely used to trigger action in development aid, there is very little published describing the method, its benefits and limitations. The theoretical background of participatory processes related to supply chain analysis and the related benefits and limitations found while implementing the method in Laos are presented. It is concluded that joint problem-solving in supply chains can be facilitated through PSCA as the method allows participants to evaluate their initial assumptions, investigate institutional barriers, gather new information and realise some of the interdependencies among supply chain participants. On the other hand, the lack of legitimate representatives, the failure to convince important stakeholders to participate, distances between participants, the length and breadth of the supply chain were factors limiting joint action. This method is recommended to study supply chains of niche products and local/regional products locally processed.     

Guidelines for a constructivist approach: Steps toward the adaptation of ideas from family therapy for use in organizations

Constructivist family therapy offers a model for the application of Maturana's theories to practice. This paper describes key concepts of a constructivist approach and draws on family therapy to provide guidelines for applying them in an organizational setting. It offers a view of the organization as a network of conversations in which change occurs through the coconstruction of new conversations which widen or change the rational domain in which a problem occurs.     

Participative Methodology for Local Development: The Contribution of Engineers Without Borders from Italy and Colombia: Towards the Improvement of Water Quality in Vulnerable Communities

This paper presents a systemic methodology by which engineering is put to use in vulnerable communities through applied technological research and the main results of its application. The methodology presented corresponds to one implemented and designed by two groups of Engineers without Borders in Europe and Latin America, to integrate technical know-how with local context in communities with water problems in Colombia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The main results of this methodology are related to the improvement of the living conditions of vulnerable groups thanks to the integration of the communities?? knowledge with engineering know-how, leading to autonomous communities and engineering professors and students learning from real life problems to enrich applied sciences.