Singularity of software reliability models LVLM and LVQM

According to the principle, “The failure data is the basis of software reliabilityanalysis”, we built a software reliability expert system (SRES) by adopting the artificialtechnology. By reasoning out the conclusion from the fitting results of failure data of asoftware project, the SRES can recommend users “the most suitable model” as a softwarereliability measurement model. We believe that the SRES can overcome the inconsistency inapplications of software reliability models well. We report investigation results of singularity and parameter estimation methods of models, LVLM and LVQM. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Biography: Biography: XU Ren-zuo (1946-), male, Professor, Research interests include software engineering, software reliability engineering, software quality guarantee technology, reliability theory, software safety and security.     

Empirical measurement of the software testing and reliability

The meanings of parameters of software reliability models are investigated in terms of the process of the software testing and in terms of other measurements of software. Based on the investigation, the empirical estimation of the parameters is addressed. On one hand, these empirical estimates are also measurements of the software, which can beused to control and to optimize the process of the software development. On the other hand, by treating these empirical estimates as Bayes priors, software reliability models are ex-tended such that the engineers‘ experience can be integrated into and hence to improve the models.     

Building Intrusion Tolerant Software System

In this paper, we describe and analyze the hypothesis about intrusion tolerance software system, so that it can provide an intended server capability and deal with the impacts caused by the intruder exploiting the inherent security vulnerabilities. We present some intrusion tolerance technology by exploiting N-version module threshold method in con-structing multilevel secure software architecture, by detecting with hash value, by placing an ““““““““antigen““““““““ word next to the return address on the stack that is similar to human immune system, and by adding ““““““““Honey code““““““““ nonfunctional code to disturb intruder, so that the security and the availability of the software system are ensured.     

Agglomerating Growth of One-Dimensional Carbon Nano-Materials Synthesized from Ethanol Flames

One-dimensional carbon nano-materials （ODCNMs） synthesized from ethanol flames exhibit various agglomerated morphologies, such as ＂chrysanthemum-like＂, ＂hairball-like＂ or ＂orange-peel-like＂, ＂vertically aligned＂ and ＂wrinkling-pileup＂. The present work studied the agglomerating process and the growth mechanism by using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is thought that the size and distribution of the catalyst particles produced from pretreatment of the substrates play a key role during the formation of agglomerations. It is expected that the steady growth of ODCNMs in flames will be improved through the preparation of the catalysts.     

软件可靠性工程研究

从软件失效的不可避免性出发,提出了软件可靠性工程的概念。介绍了软件可靠性分析的方法、保证软件可靠性的工程方法和两种常用的可靠性设计技术。     

Risk Analysis on Groundwater Resources Carrying Capacity Based on Blind Number Theory

Blind numbers of evaluation indices about groundwater resources carrying capacity are defined from the concomitancy of randomness, fuzziness, grey property and unascertainment of groundwater system. Based on fuzzy theory, a comprehensive evaluation model on groundwater resources carrying capacity is constructed with blind information. Then a risk assessment model of surcharge about groundwater resources carrying capacity is established on blind reliability theory. The probable value ＂＊＂ matrix of fuzzy membership degree about carrying capacity corresponding to each judgment level can be obtained with the aid of blind algorithm as well as the subjective reliability ＂×＂ matrix. And then a graph of ＂groundwater carrying capacity v.s. accumulative reliability＂ can be gained Based on the graph, fuzzy membership degree of groundwater resources carrying capacity to each judgment level under different risk probability can be got. Thus, a comparatively reasonable judgment to groundwater resources carrying capacity might be obtained, with comprehensive analysis to the state of society, economy technology and ecology.     

A Fast Distributed Algorithm for Association Rule Mining Based on Binary Coding Mapping Relation

Association rule mining is an important issue in data mining. The paper proposed an binary system based method to generate candidate frequent itemsets and corresponding supporting counts efficiently, which needs only some operations such as ＂and＂, ＂or＂ and ＂xor＂. Applying this idea in the existed distributed association rule mining al gorithm FDM, the improved algorithm BFDM is proposed. The theoretical analysis and experiment testify that BFDM is effective and efficient.     

带减函数的连续型软件可靠性验证方案

针对连续型安全关键软件可靠性验证测试（SRDT）所需测试时间较长的问题,在现有的基于贝叶斯理论的SRDT方案的基础上,提出结合先验信息的基于减函数法的连续型软件可靠性验证测试方案（CBSDF）：首先选取连续型软件可靠性参数（如失效率）的典型减函数作为失效率的先验分布密度函数(先验分布);然后根据增长测试阶段后期的失效时间数据（先验信息）计算出先验分布超参数的估计值,进而给出相应的后验分布密度函数,在此基础上得到CBSDF的具体形式;最后,将两组真实失效数据集作为先验信息的来源,将CBSDF与已有的无先验信息（CBS1）与有先验信息（CBS2）的贝叶斯验证方案进行实例对比研究,计算结果表明：在SRDT方案参数相同时,相对于CBS1与CBS2,本论文提出的CBSDF可以更为显著地降低所需的验证测试时间,且更适用于高可靠的安全关键连续型软件。     

Web Database Query Interface Annotation Based on User Collaboration

A vision based query interface annotation meth od is used to relate attributes and form elements in form based web query interfaces, this method can reach accuracy of 82%. And a user participation method is used to tune the result; user can answer ＂yes＂ or ＂no＂ for existing annotations, or manually annotate form elements. Mass feedback is added to the annotation algorithm to produce more accurate result. By this approach, query interface annotation can reach a perfect accuracy.     

Component-based software developing method for group companies management information system

Considering the special requirements of group enterprise information management software, a new method of massive software development was put forward basing on the component technology and facing the ＂assemblage＂. It generalizes five key parts of the method system including the overall strategy, the application project method basing on the operation ＂assemblage＂, the field project method basing on component, the development method facing the component on the basis of the visible component platform, and the software development process model basing on the component ＂assemblage＂. Besides, this paper describes the process and principle of this method application with an example of the construction of a Communications Investment Group enterprise＇s management information system. The method provides a new idea for breaking away from the predicament appeared in the construction of present enterprise informatization and exploring the way of software industrialization.     

Remote intelligent identification system of structural damage

The focus of this paper is to build the damage identify system, which performs “system identification“ to detcct the positions and extents of structural damages. The identification of structural damage can be characterized as a nonlinear process which linear prediction models such as linear regression are not suitable. However. neural network techniques may provide an effective tool for system identification. The method of damage identification using the radial basis function neural network (P, BFNN) is presented in this paper. Using this method, a simple reinforced concrete structure has been tested both in the absence and presence of noise. The resuits show that the RBFNN identification technology can he used with related success for the solution of dynamic damage identification problems, even in the presence of a noisy identify data. Furthermore, a remote identification system based on that is set up with Java Technologies.     

计算机软件可靠性模式设计

该文介绍、整理和分析了各类 用的软件可靠性分析模型（Ｒｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ Ｍｏｄｅｌｓ）,周时也提出和阐述了作者研制的一套计算机软件可靠性辅助设计软件ＣＭＳＲＭ（Ｃｏｍｐｒｔｉｒ Ｍｅｄｉａｔｅｄ Ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ ＲｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙＭｏｄｌｉｎｇ）的设计与实现思想。ＣＭＳＲＭ可以用于有效地分析软件的可靠性模型ＣＭＳＲＭ是一个涵盖目前各灯现有之可靠性模型的分析工具,同时具备自动化或手工操作     

非齐次泊松过程类软件可靠性增长模型

现有的基于故障覆盖率的软件可靠性增长模型多是只考虑了累计故障覆盖率 ,没有描述每个测试用例能够获得的故障覆盖率 .为了使软件可靠性增长模型能更好地刻画软件的测试过程 ,建立了两个基于故障覆盖率的非齐次泊松过程类软件可靠性增长模型 .第一个模型假设每个测试用例有相同的故障检测能力 ,能获得相同的故障覆盖率 ;第二个模型考虑了越晚检测到的故障其被检测到的概率越低的特点 ,模型假设每个测试用例的故障检测能力与其出现的次序相关 .利用一组公开发表的软件失效数据对这两个模型进行了验证 ,结果表明这两个模型在这组失效数据上均能得到较好的拟合效果 .     

一种考虑数据截尾的非参数软件可靠性模型

通过分析数据截尾对软件可靠性模型的影响，建立了一种考虑数据截尾的非参数软件可靠性模型，为的是克服一般参数模型假设约束过紧的问题，并能在估计失效率的同时估计残存缺陷数．同时，提出了基于非参数统计的软件失效率单调下降性检验方法，在加权核函数估计中引入数据截尾率作为加权系数和优化参数，并用失效率单调下降约束下的加权核函数方法来估计失效率和残存缺陷数．模拟试验和实例分析表明，所提模型可以较好地处理截尾数据，给出残存缺陷数的合理估计，其失效率估计精度较高，不低于较好的传统模型．     

A hybrid model for the mid-long term runoff forecasting by evolutionary computation techniques

The mid-long term hydrology forecasting is one of most challenging problems in hydrological studies. This paper proposes an efficient dynamical system prediction model using evolutionary computation techniques. The new model overcomes some disadvantages of conventional hydrology forecasting ones. The observed data is divided into two parts: the slow “smooth and steady” data, and the fast “coarse and fluctuation” data. Under thedivide and conquer strategy, the behavior of smooth data is modeled by ordinary differential equations based on evolutionary modeling, and that of the coarse data is modeled using gray correlative forecasting method. Our model is verified on the test data of the mid-long term hydrology forecast in the northeast region of China. The experimental results show that the model is superior to gray system prediction model (GSPM). Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 60133010, 70071042, 60073043) Biography: Zou Xiu-fen(1966-),female,Associate professor, research direction:evolutionary computing, parallel computing.     

Stochastic differential equation software reliability growth model with change-point

This paper presents software reliability growth models （SRGMs） with change-point based on the stochastic differential equation （SDE）.Although SRGMs based on SDE have been developed in a large scale software system,considering the variation of failure distribution in the existing models during testing time is limited.These SDE SRGMs assume that failures have the same distribution.However,in practice,the fault detection rate can be affected by some factors and may be changed at certain point as time proceeds.With respect to this issue,in this paper,SDE SRGMs with changepoint are proposed to precisely reflect the variations of the failure distribution.A real data set is used to evaluate the new models.The experimental results show that the proposed models have a fairly accurate prediction capability.     

Scattering from rough surfaces using the “shooting and bouncing rays” technique

The “shooting and bouncing rays” (SBR) technique is used to analyze the electromagnetic scattering characters of ocean rough surfaces varying with time. Some numerical results are presented and compared with the method of moments, and some factors, such as the incident angle, polarization and frequency are investigated which influence on electromagnetic scattering characters of ocean rough surfaces. Foundation item: Supported by the 863 High Technology Project of China (863-818-01-02) Biography: GAO Huo-tao(1964-), male, Ph. D. candidate. Research direction: electromagnetic field theory and engineering application     

一种基于模糊综合评判的软件可靠性模型选择方法

软件可靠性模型是可靠性工程的一个重要方面，如何缺乏可靠性数据的情况下，选择合适的软件可靠性模型是对软件可靠性进行量化分析的关键，在对影响软件可靠性模型的因素进行分析的基础上，采用模糊数学的理论，提出了一种基于模糊综合评判的软件可靠性模型选择方法。     

Integrated semantic similarity model based on ontology

To solve the problem of the inadequacy of semantic processing in the intelligent question answering system. an integrated semantic similarity model which calculates the semantic similarity using the geometric distance and informarion content is presented in this paper. With the help of interrelationship between concepts, the information content ofconcepts and the strength of the edges in the ontology network. we can calculate the semantic similarity between two concepts and provide information for the further calculation of the semantic similarity between user‘s question and answers in knowlegdge base. The results of the experiments on the prototype have shown that the semantic problem in natural language processing can also be solved with the help of the knowledge and the abundant semantic information in ontology. More than 90% accuracy with less than 50 ms average searching time in the intelligent question answering prototype system based on ontology has been reached. The result is vety satisfied.     

可靠性增长模型和正交缺陷分类的结合及在过程定性分析中的应用

软件过程的度量和分析是近年来软件工程领域的重要研究方向。传统可靠性增长曲线模型可对软件过程进行预警,正交缺陷分类方法可对软件缺陷进行度量,但是两种方法都无法对软件过程提供直接的指导和定性的分析。提出将传统可靠性增长曲线模型结合正交缺陷分类属性缺陷类型,将不同种类的缺陷放在同一横坐标上进行比较,得出软件过程定性分析结论。