夹竹桃多糖对小鼠免疫活性的影响

通过碳廓清实验、免疫脏器指数的检测,探讨夹竹桃多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬能力与免疫器官指数的影响;利用腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬实验,检测夹竹桃多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力;应用MTT法,测定夹竹桃多糖对小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞增殖能力的影响.结果显示夹竹桃多糖能显著增强正常小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,提高胸腺及脾的脏器指数,增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性,对小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞增殖有显著的促进作用,表明夹竹桃多糖能显著增强小鼠免疫功能.     

穿心莲内酯对小鼠T淋巴细胞体外活化、增殖及细胞周期的影响

目的:研究穿心莲内酯对小鼠T淋巴细胞体外活化、增殖及细胞周期的影响,并对其免疫调节作用进行初步探讨.方法:分离小鼠淋巴结细胞,以双色荧光抗体染色技术结合流式细胞术检测在刀豆蛋白A(Con A)的刺激下,穿心莲内酯对T淋巴细胞早期活化抗原CD69表达的影响;用羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸(CFDA-SE)染色分析穿心莲内酯对T淋巴细胞增殖的影响;用碘化丙锭染色分析细胞周期的分布.结果:终浓度为10、20、30、40 μmol/L的穿心莲内酯对Con A刺激的早期活化抗原CD69的表达具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01);对Con A刺激的T淋巴细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01);并明显阻止T淋巴细胞进入S期,且呈剂量依赖性.结论:穿心莲内酯对小鼠T淋巴细胞的体外活化及增殖均具有明显的抑制作用,并抑制T淋巴细胞进入分裂周期.     

黄精多糖对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠免疫抑制的影响

目的:探究黄精多糖对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠免疫抑制的拮抗作用.方法:采用MTT法体外评价了黄精多糖对正常小鼠脾细胞的增殖活性,用环磷酰胺制备了小鼠体免疫抑制模型,并分别测定了小鼠脾脏、胸腺指数,脾脏、胸腺细胞的体外增殖活力,巨噬细胞吞噬功能,巨噬细胞分泌炎性细胞因子的能力.结果:黄精多糖能显著提高正常小鼠脾细胞增殖活力,当剂量大于200μg·m L~(-1)时,协同Con A增殖促进率在700%以上;黄精多糖能提高免疫功能低下小鼠的脾脏和胸腺指数,促进Con A刺激下的脾脏和胸腺细胞增殖,增强巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和IL-6和TNF-α的分泌.与模型组比较,高剂量黄精多糖给药组(150 mg·kg~(-1))小鼠脾脏指数增加了79.0%,协同Con A刺激指数增加了43.3%;胸腺指数升高了148.3%,协同Con A刺激指数升高48.5%.结论:黄精多糖能显著缓解环磷酰胺所致的小鼠免疫抑制.     

鹿茸水提取物及其蛋白酶解物对小鼠 脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

研究了鹿茸水提取物中非蛋白成分、粗蛋白酶解物及分离组分对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响.非蛋白成分和酶解物的分离分别采用HPLC法和超滤法.应用WST-8法检测各分离组分对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响,采用高分辨质谱对非蛋白成分进行初步鉴定.结果显示,非蛋白成分对未经刀豆蛋白A(ConA)诱导的小鼠脾细胞增殖的促进作用优于其分离组分,Fr.Ⅲ和Ⅳ对ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖有抑制作用,初步鉴定其为碱基和核苷酸的混合物.分子量大于10 kDa的肽段,单独可刺激小鼠脾细胞增殖,且对ConA诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖有抑制作用.肽段分子量大小对其免疫调节活性影响较大,但并未呈现直接的相关性.肽的氨基酸组成、序列及构型等也是影响其活性的重要因素.     

两性壳聚糖的制备及其对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的影响

化学修饰壳聚糖可得到磺化壳聚糖(SC)和羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC),再经过醇沉分级,每一类多糖可分别得到两个级分:磺化壳聚糖A级分(SCA)、磺化壳聚糖B级分(SCB),羧甲基壳聚糖A级分(CMCA)、羧甲基壳聚糖B级分(CMCB).在小鼠体内和体外探讨了4种两性多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的影响.体内结果显示羧甲基化的两性多糖CMCA及CMCB对T淋巴细胞的增殖有显著的刺激活性,而体外结果显示4种两性多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖无显著影响.因此,推断壳聚糖中的羧甲基在刺激体内淋巴细胞增殖过程中起重要作用.     

熊果酸对H22荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用

目的 探讨熊果酸（UA）对H22荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用及免疫功能的影响.方法 皮下移植建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型,腹腔注射不同剂量UA,检测抑瘤率和免疫器官指数,MTT法检测脾脏T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力,流式细胞术检测CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞亚群含量及比例,ELISA法检测血清细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和TNF-α的表达量.结果 UA对小鼠皮下移植性肿瘤H22有显著的抑制作用,可降低免疫器官中异常增大的脾指数,增强脾脏中T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力,提高淋巴细胞亚群CD4＋T细胞表达及CD4＋/CD8＋T细胞亚群比例,促进血清IL-2、TNF-α表达,降低IL-4表达.结论 UA可抑制小鼠肝癌H22肿瘤生长,体内可以提高荷瘤小鼠的免疫能力,其抗肿瘤作用可能与机体的免疫调节作用相关.     

5种甘肃道地中药对衰老小鼠免疫功能影响的比较研究

目的:研究5种甘肃道地中药对衰老小鼠免疫功能影响的差异.方法:将70只健康小鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、纹党组、红芪组、当归组、大黄组和半夏组,采用D-半乳糖建立亚急性衰老小鼠模型,检测每组小鼠的脾脏和胸腺指数,血IL-1、IL-2、IL-4含量及T淋巴细胞亚群,T淋巴细胞增殖能力,脾胸腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果:与正常组相比,模型组小鼠脾脏和胸腺指数,血IL-1、IL-2、IL-4、CD4+T细胞和CD4+/CD8 +T细胞比值,脾T淋巴细胞增殖能力,脾和胸腺SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著降低,MDA含量显著升高(p＜0.05,p＜0.01).与模型组比较,各中药组小鼠脾脏和胸腺指数,血IL-1、IL-2、IL-4、CD4+T细胞和CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值,脾T淋巴细胞增殖能力,脾和胸腺SOD、GSH-Px活性均呈增高趋势,MDA含量均呈降低趋势,纹党组和红芪组上述指标改变更为明显.结论:纹党和红芪水提物对衰老小鼠某些免疫功能的调节作用优于当归、大黄和半夏.     

瑞香狼毒对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

考察瑞香狼毒水提物、醇提物对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响.制备瑞香狼毒水提、醇提浸膏,体外MTT实验检测瑞香狼毒对小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖的影响.按照体表面积换算实验动物灌胃量,在体实验考察瑞香狼毒灌胃给药15d后对迟发型超敏反应模型动物耳肿胀度、胸腺指数、脾脏指数的影响.在体实验考察瑞香狼毒对正常小鼠血清中IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-6的水平的影响.结果显示:瑞香狼毒水提物、醇提物均能明显抑制刀豆蛋白A诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖;瑞香狼毒醇提物能明显抑制DTH小鼠耳肿胀度,且高浓度的瑞香狼毒醇提物具有抑制实验动物胸腺指数的作用.此外,瑞香狼毒水提物、醇提物均具有显著抑制实验动物血清中IL-2、IFN-γ水平的作用.可知瑞香狼毒可通过抑制T细胞活化和细胞因子分泌来发挥抑制细胞免疫的功能.     

扶正升血颗粒对荷H22瘤小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的:通过观察扶正升血颗粒对荷H22瘤小鼠免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏)重量、脾淋巴细胞增殖活性及细胞因子(IL-2)分泌的影响,探讨扶正升血颗粒对荷瘤小鼠免疫系统的调节作用.方法:采用荷H22(肝癌)实体瘤小鼠模型,用免疫器官重量法计算胸腺指数(TI)和脾脏指数(SI),用MTT比色法测定淋巴细胞增殖反应,用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定脾淋巴细胞培养上清液中IL-2的浓度.结果:扶正升血颗粒大、中、小剂量组荷瘤小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数均高于模型组,其中大剂量组TI、SI分别为18.9mg/10g、76.3mg/10g,较模型组分别增长36.0％、17.9％(p＜0.05);中剂量组TI为18.0mg/10g,较模型组增长29.5％(p＜0.05).扶正升血颗粒各剂量组荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性均高于模型组,以大剂量组作用最优,与模型组比较有显著性差异(p＜0.05).扶正升血颗粒各剂量组小鼠脾淋巴细胞培养上清液中IL-2的浓度均较模型组增高,大剂量组IL-2的浓度为61.6pg/ml,与模型组比较有显著性差异(p＜0.05).结论:扶正升血颗粒对荷H22瘤小鼠免疫器官胸腺、脾脏具有增重作用,能够增强脾淋巴细胞增殖活性,促进荷瘤小鼠细胞因子IL-2的分泌,表明扶正升血颗粒能明显增强荷瘤小鼠机体的免疫功能.     

氯化铒和氯化镝对小鼠免疫细胞作用的体外实验

为探讨稀土元素对机体免疫功能的影响,通过噻唑兰(MTT)法研究了氯化铒(ErCl3)和氯化镝(DyCl3)对小鼠免疫细胞的作用.结果表明,浓度为0.001,0.1,1μmol/L的ErCl3抑制小鼠脾细胞的增殖,其他测试浓度下的ErCl3对小鼠脾细胞增殖没有影响.除浓度为0.1μmol/L的DyCl3对小鼠脾细胞增殖没有影响外,其他测试浓度的DyCl3促进小鼠脾细胞的增殖.在测试浓度范围内,ErCl3对小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖的影响表现为:抑制-促进-没有影响-促进;DyCl3均促进小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖,而且随着作用浓度的增大,其促进作用减弱.ErCl3和DyCl3对小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖的影响是类似的,浓度为0.001和0.01μmol/L的ErCl3对小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖没有影响,同样浓度的DyCl3则促进小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖;升高浓度为0.1μmol/L时,ErCl3和DyCl3均抑制小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖,进一步升高浓度为1,10μmol/L时,它们都转而促进小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖.作用时间为4h时,ErCl3和DyCl3均能提高NK细胞的活性,当作用时间延长到8h时,其提高NK细胞的活性的能力减弱,甚至个别浓度转为降低NK细胞的活性.研究结果提示,ErCl3和DyCl3对小鼠免疫细胞的影响与其作用时间、浓度和稀土化合物的种类存在着一定的相关性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that