Lymphocyte egress from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs is dependent on S1P receptor 1

Adaptive immunity depends on T-cell exit from the thymus and T and B cells travelling between secondary lymphoid organs to survey for antigens. After activation in lymphoid organs, T cells must again return to circulation to reach sites of infection; however, the mechanisms regulating lymphoid organ exit are unknown. An immunosuppressant drug, FTY720, inhibits lymphocyte emigration from lymphoid organs, and phosphorylated FTY720 binds and activates four of the five known sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. However, the role of S1P receptors in normal immune cell trafficking is unclear. Here we show that in mice whose haematopoietic cells lack a single S1P receptor (S1P1; also known as Edg1) there are no T cells in the periphery because mature T cells are unable to exit the thymus. Although B cells are present in peripheral lymphoid organs, they are severely deficient in blood and lymph. Adoptive cell transfer experiments establish an intrinsic requirement for S1P1 in T and B cells for lymphoid organ egress. Furthermore, S1P1-dependent chemotactic responsiveness is strongly upregulated in T-cell development before exit from the thymus, whereas S1P1 is downregulated during peripheral lymphocyte activation, and this is associated with retention in lymphoid organs. We find that FTY720 treatment downregulates S1P1, creating a temporary pharmacological S1P1-null state in lymphocytes, providing an explanation for the mechanism of FTY720-induced lymphocyte sequestration. These findings establish that S1P1 is essential for lymphocyte recirculation and that it regulates egress from both thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs.     

ATHK1 acts downstream of hydrogen peroxide to mediate ABA signaling through regulation of calcium channel activity in Arabidopsis guard cells

Plants gradually develop their ability to tolerate environmental water deficit as part of the evolutionary process.Abscisic acid(ABA) plays a critical role during drought and osmotic stress.Several histidine protein kinases are regarded as osmotic sensors or regulators in the adaptive response of plants to water deficit.In this study,we report that ATHK1,which was previously shown to function as an osmotic regulator,is involved in ABA-induced stomatal signaling in Arabidopsis.Mutants null for ATHK1 expression were unable to transmit normal ABA responses in guard cells,including inducing stomatal closure,producing hydrogen peroxide and activating calcium influx.Moreover,patch clamp and confocal analysis demonstrated that ATHK1 may function downstream of hydrogen peroxide in ABA-induced stomatal closure,by regulating calcium channel activity and calcium oscillation in Arabidopsis guard cells.     

关于模态公理系统P1-P5的布尔值

证明与模态命题系统S2－S4等价的系统P2－P4的布尔值为1,而分别与S1和S5等价的系统P1和P5的布尔值不能确定,由此,证明了V^B是P2－P4的布尔模型。     

Thymic major histocompatibility complex antigens and the alpha beta T-cell receptor determine the CD4/CD8 phenotype of T cells

T-cell receptors and T-cell subsets were analysed in T-cell receptor transgenic mice expressing alpha and beta T-cell receptor genes isolated from a male-specific, H-2Db-restricted CD4-8+ T-cell clone. The results indicate that the specific interaction of the T-cell receptor on immature thymocytes with thymic major histocompatibility complex antigens determines the differentiation of CD4+8+ thymocytes into either CD4+8- or CD4-8+ mature T cells.     

网络流媒体技术中P2P模式与C/S模式的比较研究

在当前的流媒体网络技术中,基于P2P技术的流媒体网络技术和传统的C/S模式的流媒体网络技术存在着根本性的区别;传统的 C/S 模式的流媒体服务系统由于服务器性能和服务器端的带宽资源有限,在很大程度上阻碍了流媒体业务质量的提高和容量的扩大;P2P流媒体通过利用普通节点的资源为其它节点提供服务,在不改变现有网络配置的前提下具有良好的性价比.     

阵列声波测井中反射纵波和横波信号提取方法

将双树复小波(DT-CWT)和慢度时间相关法(STC)相结合,同时利用尺度-时间域及阵列慢度信息,提出一种提取反射波信号的多尺度相关分析方法。应用倾角叠加来进一步压制直达模式波和噪声以增强反射信号,同时可以对P-P反射和S-S反射进行分离。通过有限差分模拟的数据和声反射成像测井仪器对某油田测得的实际数据进行处理。结果表明,所提出的反射信号处理方能更有效地去除各种噪声,更精确地分离反射波小信号。     

P53和P21WAF1/CIP1蛋白在新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌中的表达及意义

采用免疫组化方法检测80例维族宫颈癌组织和34例维族正常宫颈组织中P53和P21^WAF1/CIP1蛋白表达情况,探讨P53和P21^WAF1/CIP1蛋白在新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌中发生、发展中的作用以及相互关系.结果显示：宫颈癌组织中P53蛋白的阳性表达率为62.5%,明显高于正常对照组8.8%（P＜0.05）;P21^WAF1/CIP1蛋白阳性表达率96.25%,明显高于正常对照组38.23%（P=0.000）.说明 P53和P21^WAF1/CIP1蛋白的高表达与宫颈癌的发生、发展有关.     

尖镰孢菌细胞色素P45055A1与NO相互作用的荧光光谱法研究

以大肠杆菌为宿主表达了尖镰孢菌细胞色素P450 55A1(CYP450 55A1),并采用荧光光谱法研究了其与NO的相互作用.结果表明:在大肠杆菌(DE3)中成功表达了具有酶活性的CYP55A1.在280 nm波长激发下,NO的加入使CYP55A1的荧光逐渐降低,但随温度的变化差异较小;在413 nm波长激发下,NO的加入使CYP55A1的荧光逐渐升高,但加入NADH后其荧光又恢复到原来的值.     

Au/Cu_(1.94)S/ZnS纳米复合物的制备及其光催化性能研究

在油胺中合成Cu1.94S/ZnS,并将其分散到乙醇溶液中在磁力搅拌下与金纳米粒子复合,制备了Au/Cu1.94S/ZnS三元纳米复合物,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等分析测试手段对所得产物进行表征,考察了在可见光下Au/Cu1.94S/ZnS纳米复合物对染料RhB的光催化降解性质.结果显示:Au/Cu1.94S/ZnS纳米复合物具有优异的光降解性能.     

Structure of hisactophilin is similar to interleukin-1 beta and fibroblast growth factor.

The fast reaction of the actin-based cytoskeleton in motile cells after stimulation with a chemoattractant requires a signal-transduction chain that creates a very specific environment at distinct regions beneath the plasma membrane. Dictyostelium hisactophilin, a unique actin-binding protein, is a submembranous pH sensor that signals slight changes of the H+ concentration to actin by inducing actin polymerization and binding to microfilaments only at pH values below seven. It has a relative molecular mass of 13.5K and its most unusual feature is the presence of 31 histidine residues among its total of 118 amino acids. The transduction of an external signal from the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Here we report the protein's structure in solution determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The nuclear Overhauser effect intensities of the three-dimensional nuclear Overhauser spectra were used directly in the calculations. The overall folding of histactophilin is similar to that of interleukin-1 beta and fibroblast growth factor, but the primary amino-acid sequence of hisactophilin is unrelated to these two proteins.     

水飞蓟宾通过上调P15~(INK4B)和P21~(WAF1/CIP1)活化JNK诱导人胰腺癌细胞G1期阻滞及细胞凋亡

目的:探讨水飞蓟宾对胰腺癌As PC-1细胞的增殖抑制作用及其作用机制.方法:MTT法和克隆形成抑制实验观察水飞蓟宾对人胰腺癌As PC-1细胞的增殖抑制作用,碘化丙锭(PI)单染色检测细胞周期改变,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平,Western blotting检测细胞周期及细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达.结果:不同浓度的水飞蓟宾对胰腺癌As PC-1细胞的生长均有抑制作用,且呈剂量-效应和时间-效应关系(P0.05),水飞蓟宾作用于As PC-1细胞48、72 h的IC50浓度分别为224.20、87.25μmol/L;克隆形成抑制实验显示,随着水飞蓟宾浓度增加,As PC-1细胞克隆形成逐渐减少.细胞周期检测结果显示,随着水飞蓟宾浓度的增加,胰腺癌As PC-1细胞出现明显G1期阻滞;水飞蓟宾处理组细胞的周期蛋白Cyclin D1、Cyclin E2、Cyclin A、Cyclin B1表达下降,细胞周期蛋白激酶CDK4、CDK6表达不变,细胞周期素依赖性蛋白激酶抑制蛋白P15INK4B、P21WAF1/CIP1表达升高,与流式检测的结果相一致.不同浓度水飞蓟宾作用48 h后,出现明显的凋亡细胞群;同时发现Caspase-9、Caspase-3活化降解,Caspase3下游效应蛋白PARP出现切割条带.JNK蛋白表达增加并磷酸化活化,Bcl-2蛋白家族中抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bcl-x L、Mcl-1表达明显降低,促凋亡蛋白Bax表达基本不变,BH3-only蛋白Bclxs、Bid、Bim表达增加.结论:水飞蓟宾明显抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖,通过诱导P15INK4B、P21WAF1/CIP1表达阻滞细胞周期在G1期,并通过诱导JNK活化激活线粒体细胞凋亡途径,进而诱导胰腺癌As PC-1细胞凋亡.     

拟阵S(M_1,M_2)与P(M_1,M_2)的基及其应用

对拟阵S(M1,M2)与P(M1,M2)的基及其应用进行了研究.用CS的定义证明了B∈B(S(M1,M2))的充分必要条件.用基的相互关系证明了r(S(M1,M2))和r(P(M1,M2))的计算公式,并由此推出:(1)P(M1,M2)=S(M1,M2);(2)若M/p=M1⊕M2,则M=P(M-E(M1),M-E(M2)).     

昂天莲叶提取物对糖苷酶的抑制作用及其化学成分研究

为研究昂天莲叶提取物对糖苷酶的抑制作用及其化学成分,本文采用系统溶剂提取法获得昂天莲叶不同极性的提取部位,并测试其对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用,然后用气相质谱法对昂天莲叶中的化学成分进行分析。实验结果发现,正己烷、氯仿、甲醇等提取部位对α-葡萄糖苷酶有较强的抑制作用,而不同的提取部位抑制曲线也有所不同;气质联用结果检识出23个高匹配度的化合物。表明昂天莲叶提取物对糖苷酶有抑制作用,气质联用检识出23个化学成分,其活性成分有待进一步确认。     

磷钼杂多阴离子/聚1-萘胺修饰电极的电化学性质研究

制备了磷钼杂多阴离子掺杂于聚１－萘胺中的修饰电极,并对其电化学性质作了研究。采用一步修饰法制备的Ｐ２Ｍｏ１８／聚１－ＮＡＰ修饰电极个有良好的稳定性和电化学活性,修饰底液的浓度和酸度、扫描电位范围对电极的稳定性和电化学性质有较大的影响,该修饰电极对酸奶有催化作用。     

一类(P,P+1)-图是平衡的充要条件

用新的分析方法,研究了一类(p,p 1)-图B[n,n;d]的平衡性问题,首先得到了B[n,n;d]的平衡指标集,进而给出了B[n,n;d]是平衡图的充要条件,得到了一些新的结果.     

人共刺激分子B7-1/CD80胞外编码区cDNA的克隆及序列分析

用RT－PCR法从人外周血单核细胞克隆了编码共刺激分子B7－1／CD80胞外区的cDNA，并用Snager链终止法进行测序，结果表明，所cDNA片段的序列与GenBank中已报道的人B7－1／CD80 cDNA序列的对应部分仅有两个碱基存在差异（658位A→T，773位A→G），这为探讨B7－1／CD80分子的生物学功能奠定了基础。