心肌肌钙蛋白I-C复合物酶联免疫检测方法的建立

为了制备抗人心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)单克隆抗体、建立检测人cTnI链酶亲和素-生物素双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法,用基因工程表达的人cTnI免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,以杂交瘤技术制备得到三株特异性抗人cTnI的单克隆抗体记为6G3,6A6,3G9.三株杂交瘤细胞中6G3和6A6为IgG1,3G9为IgG2b,腹水效价分别为4×10-5,4×10-5和10-5.亲和常数为5.0×109,6.4×109和3.8×109mol-1.Westernblotting结果表明6G3和6A6能够识别cTnI-C复合物.把6G3抗体生物素化并制备抗cTnI、cTnC和cTnI-C的大鼠多克隆抗体.以多抗作为固相捕捉抗体,生物素化6G3抗体作为检测抗体,建立检测cTnI的双抗体夹心ELISA方法并初步应用于临床病人标本检测.以cTnI-C复合物多抗捕捉检测方法具有良好的灵敏度、特异性和准确性,灵敏度为0.9ng/mL,较包被其他抗体捕捉方法提高1~2倍.批内变异系数为5.03%,回收率为94.56%.测定17例AMI病人和18例血清样本临床诊断结果符合率为100%.     

重组人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)单克隆抗体的制备

为制备人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)单克隆抗体,制备并纯化了VEGF蛋白,通过免疫、细胞融合、筛选等方法获得了能够稳定分泌单克隆抗体的细胞株;采用小鼠腹腔接种法制备腹水,并用G蛋白(Protein G)亲和层析柱对抗体进行了纯化;采用间接ELISA及Western blot实验分别对纯化后的抗体进行了效价测定和特异性验证.结果表明:此方法可成功筛选出能稳定分泌VEGF单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,纯化后腹水抗体效价为1∶1 024;Western blot检验证实制备的单克隆抗体能特异性识别VEGF蛋白.     

雌三醇单克隆抗体的制备与表征

活化雌三醇(E3)C3处的酚-OH,与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联,制备得E3的完全抗原.利用完全抗原免疫动物,采用单克隆抗体技术,经过细胞融合、克隆筛选、扩大培养、动物体内诱生等过程,最后获得了E3的单克隆抗体.对纯化的单克隆抗体的性质进行表征,结果表明:抗体的效价为6.0×10-10mol/L,抗体属于IgG1型,分子量为168000u ,单克隆抗体与固定化抗原亲和常数为4.7×107L/mol.     

谷胱甘肽转硫酶多克隆抗体的制备及应用

将含有谷胱甘肽转硫酶 ( GST)基因的 p GEX质粒转入大肠杆菌 TG1后 ,在 0 .5 mmol/L异丙基硫代 - β- D-半乳糖苷 ( IPTG)诱导培养下表达了 GST,用亲和纯化得到的 GST免疫新西兰大白兔 ,获得了滴度 ( ELISA)在 2× 1 0 5以上的抗血清 ,纯化后的抗体已成功地应用于两种新的融合蛋白 GST- FLP和 GST- Pre S1的免疫印迹检测和亲和层析法纯化     

Rab39A多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

制备抗人Rab39A多克隆抗体并进行纯化检测,以用于Rab39A功能的研究.选取免疫原性强且特异性高的羧基端42个氨基酸(176～217aa)作为目的片段.PCR法扩增并构建重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-Rab39C42.异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达并纯化GST-Rab39C42融合蛋白,免疫新西兰兔,制备多克隆抗体.然后以亲和层析法纯化抗体,利用Western blot和免疫荧光检测抗体的特异性.结果表明,构建的原核表达载体经IPTG诱导后高效表达GST-Rab39C42蛋白,纯化后抗体质量浓度为1μg/μL;Western blot实验显示,抗体可以识别外源Rab39A蛋白和多个细胞系的内源Rab39A蛋白;抗体中和实验和RNA干扰实验证明了该抗体具有特异性.本研究成功构建了pGEX-4T-1-Rab39C42原核表达载体,并制备了特异性的抗人Rab39A兔多克隆抗体,为进一步研究Rab39A的功能提供了有力的支持.     

芍药苷单克隆抗体的特异性检测

对已制备的中药活性成分芍药苷的单克隆抗体的效价、敏感度、稳定性以及其与若干化学结构类似物的交叉反应性等进行了测定,据此评价单克隆抗体的免疫反应特异性,为药用植物活性成分的单克隆抗体的制备及其应用研究提供现有条件下的试验方法和依据.检测结果显示免疫小鼠腹水的单抗效价达到1∶ 256 000,来自细胞株P1E6和 P5h10的单抗的灵敏度分别为0.080、0.124 μg/mL,亲和常数1.819×10-7 、2.815 ×10-7 mol/L.同时,所选5种化学结构类似物均显示极低的交叉反应性,证明了芍药苷单克隆抗体的高度特异性.     

共沉法制备锰锌软磁铁氧体微粉钙镁脱除实验

研究了在碳酸盐共沉淀法制备锰锌软磁铁氧体前躯体净化过程中NH4F对钙镁杂质深度脱除的影响.实验结果表明,NH4F用量、反应时间和温度、pH值对钙镁的深度脱除都有显著影响.在反应温度为90 ℃,加入的NH4F溶液质量浓度为370.4 g·L^-1、体积分数为2.4×10^-2,pH值控制为3.5,反应时间为1 h的条件下,净化后液中的钙镁质量浓度分别为0.003,0.019 g·L^-1,共沉粉中的钙镁质量分数分别为7.5×10^-5和5．6×10^-5,均小于10^-4,达到制备高档锰锌软磁铁氧体产品的要求.     

免疫磁珠的制备及其在捕获乳腺癌患者白细胞中的应用

应用生物素-亲和素系统制备免疫磁珠,考察了不同条件对制备免疫磁珠的影响.结果表明:当反应温度为4℃、亲和素浓度为0.2mg/mL、PBS pH=5.8、反应时间为2h时,磁性微球的亲和素载量为25~55mg/g;BNHS与抗体质量比1∶7时,生物素与抗体的结合率最高;亲和素与生物素化抗体摩尔比在1∶3时,亲和素与生物素的偶联率最高.抗CD45免疫磁性微球的白细胞去除率高达78%,磁珠回收率达98%,可用于进一步捕获乳腺癌外周血循环肿瘤细胞.     

钠离子依赖的中性氨基酸转运蛋白2(SNAT2)多克隆抗体的制备

钠离子依赖的中性氨基酸转运蛋白2(SNAT2)属于SLC38家族,参与小的中性氨基酸跨膜转运,在哺乳动物组织中广泛表达.SNAT2的功能紊乱可以导致许多神经性疾病,如阿尔茨海默症、帕金森症等.采用PCR方法扩增得到SNAT2氨基端75个氨基酸的编码序列,构建重组质粒pET28a-SNAT2-75aa,并将其转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,通过IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白.利用组氨酸标签蛋白经镍柱亲和纯化后得到了纯度在95%以上的SNAT2氨基端蛋白SNAT2-75aa,将其作为免疫原免疫新西兰大白兔,从而获得SNAT2多克隆抗体.采用巯丙基琼脂糖凝胶6B(Thiopropyl sepharose)固定抗原亲和纯化法进一步对该抗体进行纯化,纯化后的抗体效价至少提高10倍.蛋白免疫印迹确定该抗体对SNAT2具有高度的特异性,表明SNAT2多克隆抗体制备的成功,为进一步研究SNAT2蛋白的结构和功能奠定了生化基础.     

绿色荧光蛋白GFP多克隆抗体的制备及在多种细胞中的特异性鉴定

绿色荧光蛋白是当前在生物及生物医学研究当中应用最为广泛的一种荧光标记蛋白.为开发一种高灵敏度、高特异性以及简单经济的GFP多克隆抗体,并使之适用于在跨物种细胞里表达的GFP蛋白进行检测,本文利用gfp基因cDNA全序列分别构建了带有6×His和GST标签的原核表达载体pET28A-gfp和p GEX-2T-gfp,并将其转入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)细胞进行诱导表达,而后进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)表达鉴定,分别获得了相对分子质量为2.6×10~4和5.2×10~4的重组6×His/GST-GFP融合蛋白.将亲和纯化的6×His-GFP融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔,采集第5次免疫后血清用ELISA测定效价为1﹕32,000.抗血清依次经Protein A亲和纯化和GST-GFP抗原抗体纯化后,用免疫印迹实验(Western blot)方法检测抗体特异性,结果表明制备的多克隆抗体能很好地识别在莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)、HEK293细胞和大肠杆菌中表达的GFP,对继续开展GFP相关研究具有重要意义.     

抗KDR-Fc杂交瘤细胞系的建立

用杂交瘤技术建立抗KDRFc的杂交瘤细胞系,以KDRFc抗原免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经ELISA间接法检测和有限稀释法克隆培养,再经稳定性检测、效价检测,筛选出分泌抗KDRFc单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞.得到了10株能持续分泌抗KDRFc的单克隆抗体的细胞株,其中3株分泌的单抗具有较高的生物活性、特异性和稳定性.     

Making antibody fragments using phage display libraries

To by-pass hybridoma technology and animal immunization, we are trying to build antibodies in bacteria by mimicking features of immune selection. Recently we used fd phage to display antibody fragments fused to a minor coat protein, allowing enrichment of phage with antigen. Using a random combinatorial library of the rearranged heavy (VH) and kappa (V kappa) light chains from mice immune to the hapten 2-phenyloxazol-5-one (phOx), we have now displayed diverse libraries of antibody fragments on the surface of fd phage. After a single pass over a hapten affinity column, fd phage with a range of phOx binding activities were detected, at least one with high affinity (dissociation constant, Kd = 10(-8) M). A second pass enriched for the strong binders at the expense of the weak. The binders were encoded by V genes similar to those found in anti-phOx hybridomas but in promiscuous combinations (where the same V gene is found with several different partners). By combining a promiscuous VH or V kappa gene with diverse repertoires of partners to create hierarchical libraries, we elicited many more pairings with strong binding activities. Phage display offers new ways of making antibodies from V-gene libraries, altering V-domain pairings and selecting for antibodies with good affinities.     

Monoclonal antibody production by receptor-mediated electrically induced cell fusion

Fusion of myeloma cells and B lymphocytes to form hybridomas which produce monoclonal antibodies has been a major advance, but the poor efficiency and randomness of viral or polyethylene glycol fusion techniques generally gives poor yields of specific, high affinity antibodies. High voltage electrical fields with dielectrophoresis to ensure cell alignment can fuse a limited number of cells under direct microscopic examination, but it is not possible to identify B-cells destined to secrete relevant antibodies. However, B-cells express, on their surface, antigen receptor immunoglobulins of the same antigenic specificity as the secreted antibodies. Binding of antigen to surface immunoglobulins stimulates proliferation and differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. Here we report the use of the selective, high affinity interaction of antigen with surface immunoglobulins on B-cells to facilitate a close adherence to myeloma cells. The antigen, covalently conjugated to avidin, binds to the surface immunoglobulins on B-cells. This B-cell-antigen-avidin complex binds to biotin covalently attached to the surface of myeloma cells. An intense electric field across a bulk cell suspension then produces selective fusion of cells in contact, that is, of myeloma cells with B-cells which make the appropriate antibody. We have used this technique with several antigens, and all resultant hybridomas secrete appropriate antibodies with very high affinity.     

镉螯合物特异性单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为了获得镉螯合物特异性单克隆抗体, 以异硫氰酸苄基乙二胺四乙酸为双功能螯合剂连接镉离子与钥孔戚血蓝素,牛血清白蛋白合成了免疫原与包被抗原. 经过抗原鉴定,免疫Balb/c小鼠, 取小鼠的脾细胞与Sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合制备杂交瘤, 经筛选和2次克隆化, 从制备的腹水中获取单克隆抗体. 用酶联免疫吸附测定法鉴定单克隆抗体3A9D9G7的特性,腹水效价为4×10-4, 单抗亚类为IgM, 轻链为κ型, 亲和常数为1.44×1010 mol/L, 其他金属螯合物的交叉反应低于0.9%, 表明该单克隆抗体能特异性识别Cd-EDTA, 为环境样品与食品中镉残留的快速检测提供了工具.     

乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

目的制备乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)单克隆抗体,应用于猪源性生物制品中JEV的检测。方法提纯病毒抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经间接ELISA方法筛选和有限稀释法三次克隆获得4株杂交瘤细胞,并应用琼脂扩散、酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫荧光方法进行抗体鉴定和样品检测。结果获得4株稳定分泌JEV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株G10、F4、C10、A5,免疫荧光抗体实验证实是特异的抗JEV抗体,其免疫球蛋白亚类G10和F4为IgG1,A5为IgM,C10未鉴定出其亚类。G10和F4腹水效价为105以上,C10和A5腹水效价为102以上。结论成功制备了抗JEV单克隆抗体,建立了以单抗介导的间接ELISA和间接IFA检测方法,并应用于猪源性生物制品中JEV的检测。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定土壤和桔梗中七氯及滴滴涕的含量

建立了土壤和桔梗中七氯及滴滴涕异构体含量的气相色谱分析方法.样品以石油醚+丙酮在索氏提取器中提取,提取液以浓硫酸净化.采用DB-5弹性石英毛细管柱分离样品,GC-ECD检测农药七氯、滴滴涕的含量.方法的线性范围为2.18×10-13～5.31×10-11g;敏感度为3.4×10-12～6.8×10-12g/mL;加样平均回收率为96.27%～100.3%(RSD为3.0%～6.5%).     

Isolation by phage display and characterization of a single-chain antibody specific for O6-methyldeoxyguanosine

New approaches of making single chain Fv antibodies against O⁶-methyl-2′-deoxyguanosine (O⁶MdG) have been demonstrated by using the phage antibody display system. Using O⁶MdG as an antigen, 21 positive clones were identified by ELISA from this library, one of which, designated H3, specifically binds to O⁶MdG with high affinity. The H3 scFv antibody has an affinity constant (K_aff) of 5.94×10O¹¹(mol/L)^-1. H3 scFv has been successfully used to detect O⁶MdG in DNA hydrolyses from yeast or E. coli cells treated with a DNA methylating agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the selection of a specific scFv against DNA adducts. The results demonstrate the potential applications of the phage display technology for the detection of DNA lesions caused by mutagens and carcinogens.     

Kinetic maturation of an immune response

Is the affinity maturation of antibodies under thermodynamic or kinetic control, or both? We compared the physical constants of hapten binding by antibodies from 2-phenyl-5-oxazolone-specific hybridomas from primary, secondary and tertiary responses. In addition to an increase in equilibrium constant, there was a shift in the antibody repertoire after the primary response towards an immunoglobulin family with an extremely high on-rate constant. This shift occurred in spite of the average or below-average affinity of this group of antibodies. This is consistent with B-lymphocyte proliferation being subject to a kinetic selection, with a premium on binding target antigens rapidly, in parallel with a thermodynamic selection based on binding tightly.     

用荷瘤裸鼠模型研制抗人肝癌单克隆抗体

1985年Watanabe等报道:用去胸腺载瘤小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP 2/0融合获得抗结肠癌单克隆抗体之后,利用荷瘤裸鼠模型成功研制抗人肿瘤单抗的报道已相继出现:但所获单抗多为IgM,IgG类的单抗得率不高,本工作采用多次手术大部切除瘤块的方法延长荷瘤裸鼠的成活期,获得一株抗人肝癌IgG类单抗、其研制过程和结果报道如下。     

中国栎林生态服务功能评估

 森林生态服务功能评估是科学认识森林,实现人与森林和谐发展的基础。虽然国内外研究已有30多年历史,但至今还未有多数人认可的评估指标体系和评估方法。为此在2008年国家林业局颁布的中华人民共和国林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》（LY/T 1721-2008）标准的框架下,采用中国森林生态系统定位研究网络（CFERN）台站多年连续观测数据和森林资源清查数据及公共数据对中国栎林生态服务功能物质量和价值量进行了详细的动态评估。结果表明：“九五”期间中国栎林生态系统服务功能年均总价值为1475 8万亿元,年均单位面积价值为7987 2万元·hm-2;“十五”期间生态服务功能年均总价值1397 1万亿元,年均单位面积价值为7668 9万元·hm-2,年均涵养水源70681亿m3,固土582亿t,固碳094亿t,生产有利于人体健康的负离子185×1013亿个,吸收二氧化硫1586亿kg,滞尘3 8391717亿kg。在中国栎林分布的27个省份中,生态服务功能物质量受益最大的省份是黑龙江省,收益最小的省份是青海省。生态服务功能总价值最大的省份是云南省,最小的是陕西省。