利用分子标记分析22种水稻10个抗稻瘟病基因的基因型

为了明确已克隆的部分稻瘟病抗性基因在上海市主栽水稻品种以及新培育的水稻品系中的分布,选取22份水稻为材料,利用分子标记检测技术,对10个已被克隆的抗稻瘟病基因进行基因型鉴定及分析.结果表明,22种水稻均含Pi36、Pi37、Pi-d2、Pib抗性基因,而Pi-kh、Pi9、Pi2、Pi-ta、Pikm抗性基因在22种水稻中分布各有不同,所有被测水稻中均不携带Pi25抗性基因.     

22个垂抗稻瘟病基因在云南的利用价值评价

为了明确22个抗稻瘟菌基因在云南省的抗性水平及其利用价值,将采集、分离自云南省3个稻作区的282个稻瘟病菌单孢菌株,接种于以丽江新团黑谷为轮回亲本培育而成的含有22个垂直抗性基因的水稻单基因系上,根据各稻作区采集的菌株在水稻单基因系上的侵染率,分析出各垂直抗性基因在云南省各稻作区的利用价值:持有Pi9,Piz5,Pi1,Pita2,Piz,Pikh,Pizt7个垂直抗性基因的单基因系的侵染率分别为1.22%,2.40%,3.21%,4.82%,5.95%,7.23%,9.04%,可在籼稻区种植或作抗源使用;持有Pi9,Piz5,Pi1,Pita2,Piz,Pikh,Pizt,Pi12,Pita,Pib10个垂直抗性基因的单基因系的侵染率分别为0.93%,16.67%,10.19%,5.09%,15.74%,15.74%,12.04%,9.26%,19.29%,11.11%,可在粳稻区种植或作抗源使用;持有Pi9,Piz5,Pi1,Pita24个垂直抗性基因的单基因系的侵染率分别为8.60%,13.83%,10.93%,18.04%,可在籼粳交错区种植或作抗源使用.同时用联合致病性系数和联合抗病性系数分析了病菌...     

稻瘟病抗性基因 Pi63 启动子4 个构建体的表达及抗性分析

利用农杆菌介导法获得带有不同长度启动子区域的稻瘟病抗性基因Pi63全长基因的转基因水稻,并采用实时荧光定量PCR方法鉴定了T1代阳性植株的基因拷贝数,进一步测定了单拷贝转基因植株在接种稻瘟病菌前后Pi63基因的表达量变化.结果表明:接种后4个分别带有不同长度启动子的Pi63转基因植物T1代中Pi63基因的表达量均升高,其抗病相关的顺式作用元件处于P1与P2中间的区域,P0到P1的区域存在负调控元件.此结果可为进一步揭示水稻稻瘟病抗性基因Pi63的分子机理奠定基础.     

水稻配子体细胞质雄性不育基因orf79/orfH79的变异多态性研究

线粒体基因组异常嵌合基因orf79/orfH79被证实为水稻配子体细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS）基因。为了调查配子体CMS基因orf79/orfH79在水稻资源中的遗传与变异,来自不同国家的31份水稻材料被用于PCR检测。10份水稻材料被检测出具有配子体CMS基因orf79/orfH79,表明配子体CMS基因orf79/orfH79在水稻资源中具有较高的分布频率（32.2%）。DNA序列分析显示水稻配子体CMS基因orf79/orfH79具有非常保守的遗传特性（98.3%）,只有4个多态性碱基位点被检测出,4个碱基位点的变异导致多肽ORF79/ORFH79三个氨基酸位点的改变。基于orf79/orfH79 DNA序列的聚类分析系显示10份水稻材料被分成了3个类群,表明配子体CMS胞质在水稻资源中存在多种变异模式。研究结果为新水稻CMS胞质的发掘与培育提供重要的理论和实验依据。     

用于基因转化的几个云南水稻品种的胚性愈伤组织的诱导

建立了几个云南水稻品种的长期胚性愈伤组织培养系。发现在所选用水稻品种中,Ｈ４２的愈伤组织诱导频率和绿苗分化频率为最高,分别达到７７％和８９％。为基因转化准备了受体材料。     

茉莉酸对水稻根系生长素合成及运输的调控

以水稻中花11和DR5∷GUS转基因植株为实验材料,观察茉莉酸(Jasmonic acid,JA)对水稻根系中生长素积累和分布的影响.结果表明,JA负调控水稻主根、冠根和侧根的生长,抑制DR5∷GUS在水稻根系形态学下端的表达.实时定量PCR结果显示,在JA处理的水稻根系中,7个水稻生长素合成基因OsYUCCAs(OsYUCCA1～7)全部显著下调表达,4个生长素输入载体基因OsAUX1,OsAUX3～5显著上调表达,4个生长素输出载体基因OsPIN1b、OsPIN1c、OsPIN2、OsPIN9显著下调表达.     

转基因小麦环境释放中基因漂移研究

基因漂移供体是转基因小麦，受体有转基因小麦的非转基因分离体、受体对照品系和地方小麦品种，以外源uidA基因表达作为基因漂移的分子标记，在供体开花期间，距供体5个不同距离上收集花粉，约80％的花粉分布在距供体中心15m以内，距离35m处只检测到约6％的花粉，在11个检测样点检测受体和供体间杂交率，供体与分离体混种同一小区时，基因漂移频率较高(1．08％)；与其受体对照播种于相邻小区(相距约0．5m)时，基因漂移频率居中(0．63％)；地方品种距供体边缘0．5～2．5m处，频率较低(0．25％)；3m以外没有检测到基因漂移，认为转基因小麦基因漂移距离应在3m以内。     

B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤中bcl-2基因主要断裂点和次要断裂点检测分析

目的:探讨B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤中bcl-2基因不同断裂点bcl-2基因重排的发生频率。方法:采用巢式PCR方法对30例B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤bcl-2基因主要断裂点(MBR)和次要断裂点(MCR)进行检测,采用全自动凝胶成像系统对样本进行分析。结果:30例B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤中,主要断裂点(MBR)bcl-2基因重排频率为23.3%(7/30),其中滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)发生频率为50%(2/4),弥漫性大B细胞性淋巴瘤(DLBCL)为27.2%(3/11),套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)为20%(2/10)。进一步分析次要断裂点(MCR)发现,bcl-2基因重排频率为6.7%(2/30),滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)发生频率25%(1/4),弥漫性大B细胞性淋巴瘤(DLBCL)为9%(1/11),其余病例均未检出。结论:bcl-2基因重排在滤泡性淋巴瘤中发生频率较高,其次是弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤,但次要断裂点bcl-2基因重排频率低。套细胞淋巴瘤中检测出bcl-2基因重排有待进一步研究。     

利用分子标记分析22种上海市重要水稻10个食味品质相关基因的基因型

稻米食味品质改良是目前水稻育种的重要研究方向之一.明确不同水稻食味品质基因型,可为优质水稻育种研究的亲本选择提供依据.本研究利用分子标记检测技术,对22个目前上海市种植的重要常规水稻和杂交稻亲本食味品质基因的基因型进行检测.结果发现,"紫香糯861"水稻含有相对较多不良食味品质基因型.3种杂交稻父本,"湘晴"、"R44"和"繁14"的食味品质基因型比这3种杂交稻母本,"寒风A"、"秋风A"和"申9A"以及其他常规稻有欠缺.从蜡质基因多态性分析显示,在本研究选用的22种水稻中,2个为糯稻、20个为粳稻,但其中有4个为软米型粳稻;在16个非软米型粳稻中,"宝农34"、"金丰"和"银香18"是具有相对最好食味品质基因型的水稻品种.     

抗条纹叶枯病基因qSTV11~(KAS)新分子标记建立及23种香型水稻qSTV11~(KAS)基因的调查分析

根据抗条纹叶枯病品种"秀水123"与易感品种"日本晴"抗条纹叶枯病基因qSTV11~(KAS)在距离起始密码子第一个脱氧核苷酸+640处的差异,建立了一种能够更便于区分qSTV11~(KAS)基因型的CAPS(BtgⅠ)分子标记及检测方法,并对23种香型水稻的qSTV11~(KAS)基因进行调查分析.结果表明,CAPS(BtgⅠ)分子标记可以用来区别水稻是否含有抗条纹叶枯病基因qSTV11~(KAS)及基因型;在检测的23种香稻中,仅有"中香1号"、"青香软粳"和"泰国香稻"3种水稻含有与"秀水123"相同的qSTV11~(KAS)抗性基因.本研究为今后分子标记辅助选育抗条纹叶枯病香型水稻新品种和筛选条纹叶枯病新的抗性基因资源应用奠定了基础.     

分子标记辅助选育含有抗稻瘟病基因和软米基因两系不育系水稻新品系

以"浦软粳S"为转育亲本,利用分子标记辅助常规育种技术成功培育出含有Pi9,Pita,Pib和Pigm稻瘟病抗性基因及软米基因(Wx~(mq)),同时表现柱头外露率高的两系不育系水稻新品系"2179S"."2179S"不育系茎秆粗壮,矮杆大穗,株高为63.8 cm,柱头外露率平均为60%.研究结果为今后培育具有稻瘟病抗性的优质两系杂交水稻新组合提供不育系亲本.     

利用分子标记辅助选育优质香软水稻新品系“上师大22号”及试种

为培育适合上海市及其周边地区种植的优质香软水稻，以优质水稻“银香38”为母本，以抗稻瘟病水稻品系“13-2”为父本，进行杂交获得了F1种子；再以抗倒性较强的“武运29185”香稻为母本，与F1植株进行复交，然后多代自交，期间利用香味基因和抗稻瘟病基因分子标记辅助筛选，成功培育出优质香软水稻“上师大22号”.试种结果显示：“上师大22号”水稻全生育期比目前上海市主栽常规水稻“秀水134”短12 d，接近“银香38”水稻；“上师大22号”亩产量分别比“秀水134”和“银香38”增加2.84%和3.96%；“上师大22号”稻瘟病抗性及抗倒性都比“银香38”明显提高.“上师大22号”水稻新品系的成功培育，为上海市进一步推广优质稻品种奠定了基础.     

Physical location of the ricePi-5(t), Glh andRTSV genes by ISH of BAC clones

Mapping of low or single-copy sequences on plant chromosomes has proven difficult because of very low frequency of signal detection. Rice BAC library is being used widely in rice genome research due to its distinctive advantages over other library systems. In this study, two biotin-labeled rice BAC clones closely linked to a rice blast resistance, green leafhopper resistance and tungro spherical virus resistance gene,Pi-5(t), Glh, RTSV, werein situ hybridized to rice chromosomes. They were located on the long arm and short arm of chromosome 4 with FL value of 40% and 100% respectively. The frequency of signal detection reached 46.8% and 59.2%. The signal location were consistent with the selective marker on rice saturated molecular map. The results demonstrated the advantages to locate BAC clones to chromosomes byin situ hybridization and will facilitate the rice low or single-copy gene location by using the BAC library. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Doctorate Vesting Point Foundation of the Education Department of the People's Republic of China Yan Huimin: born in 1964, Lecturer     

利用CRISPR /Cas9技术快速创制香型“秀水134”水稻

以目前上海市主栽的高产常规水稻"秀水134"为材料,利用CRISPR/Cas9技术成功敲除甜菜碱醛脱氢酶2基因,获得了两种类型纯合突变体植株.采用表达载体特异性结合的引物检测T_1代转基因植株,成功获得6株不携带载体骨架的转基因植株.定量PCR分析显示,突变体植株甜菜碱醛脱氢酶2基因表达量极显著低于野生型对照(p0.01),但突变体植株成熟种子香味物质2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2AP)含量极显著高于野生型对照(p0.01).比较野生型对照与突变体植株的主要农艺性状和产量性状,两者间都没有显著差异(p0.05).本研究可为加快高产香型水稻在上海及周边地区的推广应用,以及为今后利用CRISPR/Cas9技术快速培育其他高产香型水稻新品种研究奠定基础.     

Overexpression of rice OsLOL2 gene confers disease resistance in tobacco to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tabaci

LSD1-related proteins of Arabidopsis with LSDl-like zinc finger domains regulate disease resistance and programmed cell death （PCD）. We cloned a rice OsLOL2 gene, orthologous to LSD1 of Arabidopsis and expressed it in a tobacco plant. Transgenic tobacco lines displayed enhanced disease resistance to a virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci （Pst）. RT-PCR analysis showed that overexpression of OsLOL2 in transgenic tobacco lines resulted in upregulation of two pathogenesis-related （PR） protein genes, PR2 and PR5. Our results suggest that overexpression of OsLOL2 in transgenic tobacco enhances the resistance through the induction of PR proteins and hypersensitive response-like reaction.     

Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and expression analysis of disease resistance gene homologues in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Resistance-like sequences have been amplified from first strand cDNA and genomic DNA of rice by PCR using oligonucleotide primers designed from sequence motifs conserved between resistance genes of tobacco andArabidopsis thaliana. 3 PCR clones, designatedOsr1, Osr2 andOsr3 which were 98% identical in nucleotide sequence level, have been found to be significantly homologous to known plant resistance genes and all contained the conserved motifs of NBS-LRR type resistance genes, such as P-loop, kinase2a, kinase3a and transmembrane domain.Southern hybridization revealed that rice resistance gene hornologueswere organized as a cluster in the genome. RFLP mapping using a DH population derived from anindica/japonka cross (Zhaiyeqing 8/Jingxi 17) and an RFLP linkage map assigned two copies ofOsrl and one copy ofOsr3 to the distal position of chromosome 12 where a blast resistance QTL has been mapped previously. Northern blot analysis showed thatOsrl gene was constitutively transcribed in rice leaves, shoots and roots. Further study concerning isolation of full-length cDNAs would be conducive to elucidating the functions of these genes.     

河北省地方水(陆)稻品种抗性的研究

鉴定了近３００ 份河北省地方水（陆）稻品种抗“三逆两病两虫”的情况。结果表明,河北省水（陆）稻品种的耐寒性和耐旱性种质频率高、强度大,耐性种质占８５．６０％ 和４８．６２％ ,高耐种质占２０．１６％ 和１５．５２％ ;抗稻瘟病和白叶枯病种质频率较高,为４５．８６％ 和５０．３４％ ,但高抗种质仅为０．３４％ 和１．０３％ ;耐盐性、抗褐稻虱和白背飞虱种质频率较低,为６．４６％ 、４．５１％ 和３．３４％ ,且抗性强度低。耐寒性种质频率水稻高于陆稻,随纬度增加、经度西移及温热条件降低而增加;耐旱性种质频率陆稻高于水稻,河北省东北地区高,西北及冀中库淀地区低;抗稻瘟病种质频率和强度陆稻均高于水稻,冀东集中种植亚区（唐山、秦皇岛两市）抗性种质丰富,强度高;抗白叶枯病种质频率和强度陆稻均高于水稻,随纬度的增加、生产期的缩短、海拔高度的增高及温热条件的降低,抗性频率和强度呈递减趋势。     

The Recent Advances in Plant Protection Researches of China

There are eight examples briefly given in this paper, namely, (1) Polymyxa graminis and the cereal viruses it transmits; (2) the geographical types and facultative migration of cotton bollworm as well as the safety of Bt transgenic cotton; (3) development of crop near-isogenic lines with resistance to diseases; (4) molecular-biological researches induced resistance of rice by infection of blast fungus;(5) to use cytological and molecular-biological techniques for breeding wheat varieties resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus; (6) mass rearing and field releasing of Microplitis mediator for cotton bollworm control; (7) identification and recombination of insecticidal crystal genes of Bacillus thuringiensis; and (8) interplanting of diverse resistance rice varieties for sustainable control of blast disease; which reflect the general situation of recent advances in plant protection researches of China.     

Efficient indica and japonica rice identification based on the InDel molecular method: Its implication in rice breeding and evolutionary research

An efficient molecular method for the accurate and efficient identification of indica and japonica rice was created based on the polymorphisms of insertion/deletion (InDel) DNA fragments obtained from the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) to the entire genomic sequences of indica (93-11) and japonica rice (Nipponbare). The 45 InDel loci were validated experimentally by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in 44 typical indica and japonica rice varieties, including 93-11 and Nipponbare. A neutrality test of the data matrix generated from electrophoretic banding patterns of various InDel loci indicated that 34 InDel loci were strongly associated with the differentiation of indica and japonica rice. More extensive analyses involving cultivated rice varieties from 11 Asian countries, and 12 wild Oryza species with various origins confirmed that indica and japonica characteristics could accurately be determined via calculating the average frequency of indica- or japonica-specific alleles on different InDel loci across the rice genome. This method was named as the “InDel molecular index” that combines molecular and statistical methods in determining the indica and japonica characteristics of rice varieties. Compared with the traditional methods based essentially on morphology, the InDel molecular index provides a very accurate, rapid, simple, and efficient method for identifying indica and japonica rice. In addition, the InDel index can be used to determine indica or japonica characteristics of wild Oryza species, which largely extends the utility of this method. The InDel molecular index provides a new tool for the effective selection of appropriate indica or japonica rice germplasm in rice breeding. It also offers a novel model for the study of the origin, evolution, and genetic differentiation of indica and japonica rice adapted to various environmental changes.