南海间隙水化学

研究了南海Pb(Ⅱ),Cd(ⅡI),Cu(Ⅱ)Zn(Ⅱ),SO~(2-)_4和活性硅酸盐的间隙水化学。结果表明:在深度50cm层段以内,SO~(2-)_4呈保守行为;Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)和活性硅酸盐从沉积物溶出,进入间隙水,使它们在间隙水中的浓度高于上覆水。Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)和活性硅酸盐从沉积物到上覆水的通量(μmol/m~2·month)分别为0.033,0.094,1.5,0.5,5.8×10~3。     

新汴河水化学特征及其成因分析

以新汴河为研究对象,通过对新汴河中常规离子采用离子色谱法进行测定,利用Piper三线图和Gibbs图对新汴河水进行分析得到新汴河的水化学特征,结果表明:(1)新汴河K~+和HCO3-浓度变化较小,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Na~+、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)浓度在引河汇入处发生阶跃变化,其中Mg~(2+)、Na~+、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)浓度在引河汇入后明显减小,而Ca~(2+)在引河汇入后明显增大。(2)新汴河TDS变化与Mg~(2+)、Na~+、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)浓度变化具有很强的相关性。(3)新汴河以引河为界,上游段和下游段离子组分存在较大差异,上游段水化学类型为Na~+-HCO_3~--SO_4~(2-)-Cl~-型,下游段水化学类型为Na~+-Ca~(2+)-HCO_3~-型,而引河水化学类型为Ca~(2+)-Na~+-HCO_3~-型,新汴河上、下游段水化学类型发生变化的原因是由引河水的汇入引起的。     

焦作市春季大气降水化学特征及来源研究

为研究典型矿业城市焦作市春季大气降水水化学特征及来源信息,选取具有代表性的采样点5个,采集大气降水水样30个,测试大气降水中主要离子成分.研究表明,焦作市降水阳离子的浓度变化规律为NH_4~+Ca~(2+)Mg~(2+)K~+Na~+,阴离子的变化规律为SO_4~(2-)NO_3~-Cl~-F~-. NH_4~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、Cl~-是降水中主要的离子占离子总量的87.08%,且降雨对其有一定的冲刷作用.降水中Ca~(2+)、NH_4~+、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-贡献比率变化表明随着降雨时间的持续NO_3~-酸化的作用逐渐增强,Ca~(2+)的中和作用也逐渐增强.相关性分析表明典型碱性阳离子Ca~(2+)、NH_4~+、Mg~(2+)和典型致酸阴离子SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-的相关性显著.在降水过程中发生酸性物质与碱性物质间的中和反应,硝酸盐和硫酸盐是降水中主要的致酸物质,NH_4~+、Ca~(2+)作为主要的阳离子,对降水中的酸性物质有着较强的中和能力.富集因子表明Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、K~+绝大部分来自地壳源,Cl~-的42.6%来自海洋源,57%来自人为源;SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-来自人为源的输入.     

厦门港常量组份的间隙水化学

研究了厦门港SO_4~(2-),Ca~(2 ),Mg~(2 )的间隙水化学和碱度模式。在厌氧沉积物中,随着有机质的分解,SO_4~(2-)大量还原除去,反应常数K =3×10~(-)s~(-1);碱度增加,Ca~(2 )逐渐除去,Mg~(2 )呈保守行为。各层段间隙水相对 CaCO_3 都呈过饱和,过饱和度 Q=4～12。Berner和Sholkovitz两碱度模式的计算值与实测值平均相差约 2.1～2.8和 1.8～2.0 mmol/l。间隙水的碱度垂直分布符合 Berner碱度模式。     

内蒙古部分河段表层沉积物对氨氮的吸附/解吸行为研究

通过实验室模拟的方法研究了老哈河、霍林河和乌梁素海(入湖口和湖中)的沉积物对NH~+_4-N的吸附特征.结果显示:(1)沉积物吸附氨氮的过程可以用Lagergren准二级吸附动力学方程描述,拟合得出平衡时最大吸附量为23.64 mg/kg;(2) Langmuir等温方程拟合的吸附等温线表明沉积物吸附NH~+_4-N的最大吸附容量范围是1428.75～3333.33 mg/kg,属于单分子层吸附.吸水过程及表面形貌可能对NH~+_4-N的吸附能力有影响.Freundlich吸附等温模型拟合得出常数0.8206(1/n)1.1100,说明沉积物对NH~+_4-N的吸附过程均易于进行;(3)采样点的吸附解吸平衡浓度均大于水体中的NH~+_4-N浓度,为"氮源",且对氨氮的吸附均属于不可逆反应.     

背斜构造区岩溶槽谷水文系统的离子特征与水-岩反应研究

采取了19组典型的背斜构造区岩溶槽谷水文系统的水样基于水文地球化学基础理论,采用主成分分析、相关性分析和离子比例系数分析方法,对区域内的离子特征和水-岩反应进行研究。结果表明,水体中的阳离子相对丰度Ca~(2+)Mg~(2+)Na~+K~+,其中Ca~(2+)为优势离子均值为101.64 mg·L~(-1);阴离子相对丰度HCO_3~-SO_4~(2-)Cl~-NO_3~-,其中HCO_3~-为优势离子均值为237.62 mg·L~(-1)。提取特征根大于1的两个主成分(FACl和FAC2),与FACl密切相关的是Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-、Mg~(2+)、Na~+,FACl贡献率达49.681%,反映的是水-岩作用,说明水-岩作用是区域水体离子的控制性因素,以方解石(CaCO_3)、白云石[CaMg(CO_3)_2]为主的碳酸盐矿物,石膏(CaSO_4·2H_2O)、硬石膏(CaSO_4)等硫酸盐矿物以及蒸发岩的水-岩作用是区域水体离子的主要来源。与FAC2密切相关的是NO_3~-、K~+、FAC2贡献率为21.320%,反映的是人类作用,说明人类活动对区域内水体离子具有一定影响。另外,K~+对FACl、FAC2载荷分别为0.430、0.776,说明K~+来源相对较为复杂,水-岩作用与人类作用对钾离子均有一定的贡献。     

金华北山洞穴滴水的水文水化学动态变化及意义

为揭示金华北山洞穴滴水的地球化学变化及环境指示意义,以金华北山溶洞群中的双龙洞和二仙洞为研究对象,选取了5处滴水点,对其电导率,p H值及HCO-3,SO2-4,Cl-,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度从2014年1月—2015年4月进行了连续监测.结果显示:1)洞穴滴水的地球化学性质受到洞穴顶板厚度、水的运移路径和降水等因素的影响,常年性滴水点各离子平均浓度较季节性滴水点大;2)金华北山洞穴滴水地球化学性质与气温和降水密切相关,而p H值,SO2-4浓度与降水呈现一定的负相关关系,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度呈现出雨季低旱季高的特点,在雨季随着降水量的增加而增大;3)雨季降水的稀释作用影响滴水中Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度的变化,旱季降水在岩溶裂隙中滞留时间影响Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度,降水是影响Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度的主要因素;4)ρ(Mg)/ρ(Ca)对降水有一定指示意义,但也受气温的影响,ρ(Mg)/ρ(Ca)能否作为环境变化的替代性指标需要进一步加强研究.     

福州市大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子污染特征研究

为研究福州市大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子组成与污染特征,于2015-2016年分四个季节对8个点位进行PM_(2.5)样品采集,分析了PM_(2.5)的质量浓度和9种水溶性无机离子SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、F~-、Cl~-、NH_4~+、K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)成分。分析表明,研究期间福州市大气PM_(2.5)浓度的日均值为35.1μg/m~3,呈现春、冬季节高,夏、秋季节低的特征;水溶性无机离子浓度总和占PM_(2.5)浓度的47.1%,其中SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、NH_4~+的浓度Cl~-、Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)的浓度Mg~(2+)、F~-的浓度。离子平衡分析显示,阴离子相对亏损。二次离子(SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、NH_4~+,简称SNA)占水溶性无机离子浓度总和的81%以上,相关性分析表明,NH_4~+主要以(NH_4)_2SO_4和NH_4NO_3的形式存在。各季的NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-)比值均小于1,呈现冬季高、夏季低的特点,表明固定源排放是福州PM_(2.5)的主要影响因素。对非海盐离子贡献的分析表明,海盐源对PM_(2.5)的影响较小,人为活动是主要来源。     

内陆平原区浅层地下水系统中黏土的阻滞作用

内陆平原区咸淡水交替分布,目前对于咸水成因、咸淡水水质演化过程的水文地球化学作用缺乏认识。因此,在研究内陆平原区水化学特征基础上,采用地质钻探、抽水试验、水质分析等方法,采取研究区深度42~48.2 m的黏土样品和地下水水样,并测试水化学指标,对咸水中Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)与黏土进行吸附等温实验。结果表明:(1)黏土吸附地下水中的常规离子能在3 h内达到吸附平衡,吸附速率是一个由快到缓的变化过程;(2)黏土对地下水中Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)的最大吸附量分别为1 302 mg/kg、733.1 mg/kg、528.49 mg/kg,等温吸附曲线较符合Langmuir方程;(3)黏土对地下水中Na~+、Mg~(2+)的吸附、阻滞作用大于对地下水中Ca~(2+)的吸附、阻滞作用。研究表明,黏土对地下水系统中的水化学分带及浅层地下水系统中Na、Mg型微咸水的形成有一定控制作用。     

金属离子竞争结合钙调素的电化学行为研究

为了探讨金属离子与Ca~(2+)对钙调素(CaM)的竞争结合作用,在pH值为6.5含2mmol/L[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-的0.15 mol/L的NaCl溶液中,用交流阻抗法研究了金属离子如Ca~(2+),Cd~(2+),Al~(3+),Fe~(3+)结合及竞争结合钙调素的电化学行为。结果表明:金属离子与CaM的结合能力可以通过溶液中[Fe(CN)_6]~(3-/4-)在钙调素自组装膜修饰金电极上的电化学反应电阻的变化来判断,Ca~(2+),Cd~(2+)和Al ~(3+)都能与CaM结合,Fe~(3+)不能与CaM结合,且Ca~(2+)与CaM结合能力要比Al 3+强;Ca~(2+)在CaM上的结合位点与Cd~(2+)相同,与Al~(3+)不同。交流阻抗法为研究金属离子与CaM的竞争结合行为提供了一个新方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with