大气环境下预应力结构的耐久性设计理论

针对现代预应力混凝土结构耐久性失效的特点以及结构耐久性具体要求,详细论述了预应力结构耐久性设计的主要内容;随后就大气碳化环境这一指标,提出了预应力结构构件耐久性极限状态的定义形式,并给出了一种以结构耐久性能和可靠度理论为基础的结构耐久性设计方法,该方法与现行结构承栽力设计的可靠度设计方法相似,采用分项系数r（安全系数）来反映结构可靠指标;并在此基础上给出了一定设计使用年限、一定可靠指标下结构耐久性设计时保护层厚度的计算表达式．算例分析表明,该设计方法简单、实用,便于工程设计人员使用．     

裂缝对预应力混凝土结构耐久性影响的试验研究

通过预应力混凝土裂缝状态试件 (共两组 ,每组 1 0个工况 )在碳化、氯离子侵蚀环境下的试验研究 ,提出了预应力混凝土裂缝状态试件的制作及试验方法 ;探讨了裂缝对预应力混凝土耐久性影响的机理及成因 ;着重研究了不同水灰比、不同裂缝宽度、不同保护层厚度等因素对预应力混凝土裂缝状态试件的耐久性影响程度及规律 ,所得结论对预应力结构耐久性设计与评估具有一定的参考价值     

在役混凝土构件耐久性的评判准则

针对在役混凝土结构的主要特征、损伤状况、破坏情形及其耐久性的基本特点,将混凝土构件耐久性评定指标分为定性指标和定量指标两大类.分析定性指标中的环境条件、钢筋锈蚀程度,以及定量指标中混凝土碳化深度、混凝土保护层厚度、裂缝宽度、钢筋锈蚀量和构件承载力衰减等影响混凝土构件耐久性的因数,设计各指标的评定方法,并制定相应的评定标准.建立在役混凝土构件耐久性的系统评判模型,以供在役混凝土构件的损伤判别、耐久性失效评定.     

应力状态下混凝土的碳化试验研究

进行了碳化环境下预应力混凝土试件的耐久性试验研究，阐述了在应力和碳化共同作用下的混凝土结构破损机理及规律．试件为无应力、弯曲受拉和直接受压的应力状态，采用加速碳化的试验方案．分别引进kws和χσ反映碳化深度与混凝土质量、强度和应力水平的关系，建立了应力状态下的混凝土碳化深度的多因素预测模型．结果表明：拉、压应力分别加快和减缓了混凝土的碳化速率，且应力越大；碳化速率的改变越大；χσ可以反映碳化速率的变化趋势．施加预应力能够控制混凝土裂缝的发展、消除或限制裂缝的宽度，因此，预应力混凝土结构的耐久性比普通混凝土结构的耐久性更好．     

地下工程混凝土衬砌结构耐久性寿命的智能预测研究

各类隧道及地下工程混凝土结构的耐久性问题已愈来愈严重,但对其研究工作很少.影响地下结构耐久性的因素较多且较复杂,各种因素对耐久性的作用是交叉影响的.结合实际情况,选取常见的有代表性的几个因素,如与周边岩土介质及施工条件等相关的应力状态及水平、混凝土材料配合比、碳化环境、服役期限等,分析它们交叉影响下地下结构耐久性的劣化状况,结合所建立的耐久性寿命评判准则,预测结构的耐久性寿命.在试验基础上获得各影响因素与碳化深度的相关数据,采用人工智能的方法,建立神经网络预测模型.模型经验证可有效用于对同类工程条件下地下结构耐久性寿命的评判与预测,并可泛化推广至其它各环境影响因素作用下的耐久性寿命的类似分析.     

混凝土结构碳化寿命可靠度分析

探讨混凝土碳化机理及其影响因素,提出结构随机寿命概念.应用随机原理和可靠度理论,对混凝土结构碳化寿命进行耐久性可靠度分析,进而提出适合计算的碳化寿命预测方法.在取得现场实测有关数据后,考虑实际可靠度指标和耐久性失效多重标准,利用锈蚀开裂计算公式,对结构构件进行碳化可靠度分析,预测其剩余碳化寿命,可由定性分析和评估结构可靠性,升级为定量预测其剩余寿命.对混凝土结构耐久性失效准则的合理选择,是进行耐久性评估与寿命预测的重要前提,并不存在一个规定不变的耐久性评估准则.以碳化程度为基础的耐久性失效准则,对于重要结构及其构件是适宜和可靠的.     

混凝土结构耐久性寿命评估影响因素敏感性分析

保护层厚度、CO2浓度影响系数、环境湿度、混凝土立方体强度等因素都影响了结构的耐久性寿命。本文运用灰色关联理论分析了单因素对结构预测寿命的影响,并分析了各影响因素对结构碳化寿命的敏感性。结果表明：保护层厚度、混凝土立方体强度、环境湿度增大可以使结构的寿命增加;构件所处年平均温度、CO2浓度升高、工作应力增大时其寿命成近似线性下降趋势;在各因素中保护层厚度、混凝土立方体强度对结构寿命的影响最大,因此在一定程度上可以通过增加保护层厚度及混凝土的强度来提高结构寿命。     

大气环境下锈蚀对钢筋混凝土结构可靠度的影响

研究了大气环境下钢筋混凝土结构可靠度的分析方法 ,计算了不同环境、不同混凝土强度及不同混凝土保护层厚度时构件的可靠度指标 .结果表明 ,在较为恶劣的环境条件下 ,混凝土强度和混凝土保护层厚度对钢筋混凝土结构可靠度有明显的影响 .因此 ,大气环境下钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性设计非常重要     

某在建桥梁钢筋混凝土构件碳化耐久性预测

为预测某在建预应力混凝土梁桥的钢筋混凝土构件的碳化耐久性,需确定适合本地区混凝土碳化深度预测模型.结合2座有一定环境和地域代表性的在役混凝土桥梁的碳化深度实测数据,探讨常用的6个混凝土碳化深度预测模型在本地区的适用性,然后利用所确定的混凝土碳化预测模型对某在建大跨径双薄壁高墩曲线连续刚构桥的钢筋混凝土承台和主墩的混凝土碳化耐久性进行分析.计算结果表明,采用基于混凝土抗压强度标准值作为主要参数的混凝土碳化深度预测模型与在役桥梁碳化深度实测数据较吻合,推荐采用该模型进行本地区混凝土桥梁构件碳化耐久性分析;所分析的在建桥梁的钢筋混凝土承台和主墩的混凝土碳化耐久性满足桥梁设计年限要求.     

压应力下混凝土结构碳化试验研究

进行了在碳化箱中加速腐蚀碳化环境状态下的混凝土结构碳化试验,试件为直接受压的应力状态,阐述了试验中采用休哈特控制图对碳化深度数据进行采集和动态统计控制原理,建立了压应力状态下碳化深度动态统计控制模型。试验结果表明,该方法能有效的对钢筋混凝土结构在压应力工作状态下的碳化深度进行动态监测、分析、评价和控制,避免对结构的耐久性及稳定性产生不利影响,造成安全隐患,从而确保在承载环境中钢筋混凝土结构的质量和安全。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with