GFRP锚杆锚固特性研究

通过玻璃纤维增强塑料（GFRP）锚杆与水泥砂浆之间的粘结强度试验,研究了GFRP锚杆的锚固特性．包括不同强度等级砂浆对粘结强度的影响和GFRP锚杆直径对锚杆拉拔性能的影响．采用理论分析方法,研究了GFRP锚杆表面沿锚固长度方向的应力分布,获得了锚杆轴力和粘结应力沿杆长的分布规律．并采用数值模拟方法对结果进行了验证．     

全长粘结岩石锚杆拉拔数值模拟

岩石锚杆已经在岩体边坡和隧道开挖加固中得到了成功的应用,但锚杆锚固段内的具体受力分析仍然没有得到清楚的解决.从锚固段受力连续性理论出发,采用界面剪应力重分布假设,定义出剪切刚度的软化曲线,并利用ABAQUS软件自带的弹簧模型,对典型拉拔试验进行了数值分析,表明多种因素通过改变砂浆层的尺寸和强度对锚杆最大拉拔荷载产生影响.与实际试验结果相比,数值解和实测值有相当的一致性.     

土层缺陷锚杆锚固特性与参数影响分析

基于界面黏滑本构模型假定,推导土层锚杆锚固力学微分方程及其解析解,给出土层缺陷锚杆锚固迭代计算方法与求解步骤,并结合已有锚杆拉拔试验资料,通过计算对比分析,验证该方法的可行性;对缺陷锚杆锚固特性进行分析,同时,对土层缺陷锚杆分别从空腔大小、空腔位置以及拉拔荷载3方面进行锚固特性的参数影响分析。结果表明:空腔的存在对缺陷锚杆前段锚固段影响较大,而后段则影响较小;土层缺陷锚杆锚固特性分析及其参数影响规律研究可为锚杆锚固质量后评价提供理论指导。     

地下洞室全长粘结式锚杆受力分析方法

以地下洞室全长粘结式锚杆为研究对象,分析了锚杆与围岩荷载传递机制,导出了相应的荷载传递基本微分方程.结合围岩自由变形,采用有限差分法求解方程,进而得到锚固体轴力和界面剪应力沿杆长分布.采用二折线剪切滑移模型描述锚固体界面力学特性,考虑锚固体滑移,将界面的超余剪应力转化为模型节点荷载,通过不断更新围岩位移以修正锚固体内力.基于此锚杆算法,模拟了拉拔试验,结果表明该方法合理、可行.通过对某引水隧洞特征锚杆的受力分析,计算了围岩弹模、界面剪切刚度、砂浆厚度、锚杆直径和锚杆长度对锚固体受力的影响,计算结果可为地下洞室锚杆布置优化提供理论依据.     

新管幕构件横向锚固力学特性试验

目的提出一种运用通丝螺纹杆连接的地下新管幕结构,通过试验验证新管幕结构横向锚固构件的锚固性能.方法采用与实际工程相同的锚固试件进行拉拔试验,进而得出不同锚固构件的荷载-位移关系曲线、拔承载力及破坏形态.结果新管幕横向锚杆试验主要产生锚杆拉断与锚杆粘结破坏两种破坏形式.锚杆设置螺母及钢板等措施可以提高抗拉拔力,当锚固长度不小于200 mm时,抗拔力主要取决于锚杆强度.改变拉拔顺序对试件的拉拔力有影响,建议锚杆间距至少要大于300 mm,否则需要考虑"群锚效应"影响.结论通丝螺纹锚杆设置螺母及钢板等措施对增强锚固性能有很大的帮助,且锚杆间距较小时存在群锚效应,这种锚固方法能够满足工程的需求.     

FRP锚杆灌浆锚固料性能的试验研究

为研究纤维增强复合塑料锚杆锚固料的性质及其工程应用的可行性,对不同配合比的纤维增强复合塑料锚杆锚固料的抗压强度、抗冻、抗渗等参数进行了测试,优选5组配合比,对不同直径的玻璃纤维锚杆和玄武岩纤维锚杆进行了30 cm深度的锚固拉拔试验。试验结果表明:优选的配合比具有较好的施工性,能自密实,达到C35^C45,F150,P6级别;适量掺加钢纤维或玻璃纤维有利于提高锚固料的抗压强度和锚固性能;试验的纤维增强复合塑料锚杆破坏模式均为拉拔仪与纤维增强复合塑料锚杆接触部位的挤压破坏,表面形状对纤维增强复合塑料锚杆的极限抗拉强度有一定影响,纤维增强复合塑料锚杆单位表面积的极限抗拉强度为4.0C45,F150,P6级别;适量掺加钢纤维或玻璃纤维有利于提高锚固料的抗压强度和锚固性能;试验的纤维增强复合塑料锚杆破坏模式均为拉拔仪与纤维增强复合塑料锚杆接触部位的挤压破坏,表面形状对纤维增强复合塑料锚杆的极限抗拉强度有一定影响,纤维增强复合塑料锚杆单位表面积的极限抗拉强度为4.0⁶.5 MPa,可达到工程应用的相关要求。     

中空锚杆无损检测方法的研究及应用

在隧道工程、地下工程、边坡等支护工程中,锚索、锚杆得到大量应用。锚杆在实际应用中,砂浆锚杆和中空锚杆占很大比例,中空锚杆与砂浆锚杆相比,中空锚杆具有较好的锚固性能,但在长度不足的情况下,抗拉强度反而不及砂浆锚杆,因此准确测试中空锚杆的长度,能够避免潜在隐患。目前,能对中空锚杆长度进行有效检测的手段很少。在基于冲击弹性波的声波反射法测试砂浆锚杆方法的基础上,结合模拟试验,对不同长度的中空锚杆进行试验研究,并将该方法应用在实际的工程中,通过实际应用,该方法能够有效的对中空锚杆长度进行测试,在一定程度上能够反映中空锚杆的锚固质量。     

全长粘结式砂浆锚杆的力学特性数值分析

目前,对岩石锚杆的锚固机理和锚固效果的研究大多是通过现场试验的数据来进行,本文在总结现有研究的基础上,采用有限元软件对岩石锚杆的作用机理进行模拟研究,分析了在拉拔荷载作用下锚固段的应力、岩体内的位移及锚杆轴力的分布特点和衰减规律.研究发现,锚固段界面上的应力、位移及锚杆轴力主要分布在锚固段顶端以下一定范围内,随锚固深度的增加逐渐衰减并趋于零.本文的数值模拟研究对岩石锚杆的支护设计和提高施工水平具有重要的意义.     

注浆锚杆界面应力分析及临界锚固长度计算

为了明确注浆岩锚在半无限锚固长度下的受力机理,分析了锚杆界面的受力关系,给出相应的锚杆拔出方程.然后假定锚杆弹性部分沿锚固深度方向的剪应力分布呈四分之一椭圆弧,进而给出了注浆锚杆临界锚固长度的计算公式.对4根锚固长度分别为6.0m和8.5m的锚杆进行了原位拉拔试验,以验证所给公式的正确性.结果表明,计算得到的轴向应变分布曲线与试验结果一致,轴向应变随着锚固深度的增加呈非线性减小.计算得到的临界锚固长度为5.3m,与试验结果相差3.6%.最后,通过与前人研究进行比较后发现,本文所给公式具有一般性,且通过本文所给公式计算得到的结果相对保守.     

基于拉拔试验的GFRP筋与砂浆粘结性能研究

为了获得玻璃纤维筋与砂浆间的合理粘结性能参数,本文采用室内拉拔试验和数值模拟反演分析相结合的手段开展了相关研究.通过开展不同筋材直径与不同砂浆强度下的筋材拉拔试验,得到了不同工况下的粘结强度-滑移量曲线,探明了筋材直径与砂浆强度对GFRP筋粘结强度的影响规律.基于室内拉拔试验结果,采用有限差分软件FLAC~(3D)模拟再现了GFRP筋拉拔试验,对软件中的粘结性能参数进行了反演分析,修正得到了GFRP筋灌浆体刚度和黏聚强度的计算公式.研究结果表明:GFRP筋与砂浆间的粘结强度与筋材直径成负相关,与砂浆强度成正相关;在缺乏筋材拉拔试验数据时,纤维筋锚杆极限粘结强度宜取灌浆体抗压强度的五分之一,以求得灌浆体黏聚强度;纤维筋锚杆灌浆体刚度可采用普通钢筋锚杆灌浆体刚度计算公式获取,但应乘以位于(1/10, 1/15]区间内的折减系数.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the