水热法制备Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒的及其光学性能分析

采用水热法制备了不同Co掺杂浓度的六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO纳米粉体材料,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和(光致发光)PL谱对样品的形貌、结构、光学性能分别进行了表征和测试. XRD分析结果表明:Co掺杂并未改变纤锌矿ZnO的晶体结构;SEM可以看出随着Co掺杂浓度的增大,花状ZnO纳米棒的均匀性变差,而且不同浓度Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒中均出现了少量的且尺寸较小的单根纳米棒;而PL光谱显示样品在381 nm附近具有微弱的紫外发光峰,在位于579 nm附近具有较强的可见光发光峰.特别是Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒的紫外发光峰强度同本征样品相比没有明显的变化,而可见光发光强度同本征样品相比具有明显的下降.随着Co掺杂浓度增大,样品可见发光峰的强度先减小再增大,说明样品的结晶质量先提高再降低.当Co掺杂的浓度为2.0%时,所制备的ZnO花状纳米棒具有良好的结晶质量,具有优异的光学性能.     

Co掺杂对Zn1-xCoxO稀磁半导体光学性质的影响

溶胶-凝胶法制备了Co掺杂的ZnO基稀磁半导体,研究其粉体和薄膜的结构和光学特性.X射线衍射结果表明Co2 随机替代Zn2 位置进入ZnO晶格,并引起晶格常数的变化.紫外-可见透射光谱表明样品的禁带宽度随着Co掺杂浓度的增大呈现非单调变化规律,低浓度掺杂样品的光学带隙随掺杂浓度增大而减小(红移),这是由于Co2 替代Zn2 ,局域d电子与能带电子之间的sp-d交换耦合引起的.     

Co掺杂对ZnO纳米棒阵列的结构和性质的影响

通过70℃水热反应制备高密度排列的Zn1-xCoxO(x=0.05,0.10和0.15,统记为ZnCoO)纳米棒阵列,用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和光致发光光谱(PL)进行表征.结果表明:Co2+替代Zn2+掺入了ZnO的晶格中,纳米棒沿[0001]方向垂直生长在含ZnO种子层的玻璃上,纳米棒平均直径约为150nm,长4.5μm.ZnO种子层和Co掺杂在ZnCoO纳米棒成核和择优生长中起着重要作用.PL光谱是由宽紫外光带(UV)和可见光(VL)构成.ZnCoO纳米棒阵列UV峰位与纯ZnO的相比发生了蓝移.随着Co含量的增加,UV峰明显宽化并发生红移.文中对紫外峰的宽化和红移起因以及ZnCoO阵列的形成机制进行了讨论.     

Zn_(1-x)Co_xO的结构与光吸收对比研究

采用共沉淀法制备草酸盐前躯体,前躯体低温分解制备系列Zn1-xCoxO样品.利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱以及吸收光谱对样品的结构、表面形貌、Co离子所处的价态以及光学性能进行了表征和测试.研究结果表明:所有样品都呈无规则颗粒状,样品平均粒径随Co掺杂量的增加而变小;Co离子处于+2价态,在取代Zn位;样品的结构与光学特性存在一定联系,掺Co后晶粒尺寸明显的减少与Urbach能明显的增加有关,随Co含量x的增加晶格参数增大、Co2+的d-d吸收强度增加而带隙变窄,当Co的含量x>0.03时晶胞参数转而变小、d-d吸收强度增加缓慢.通过结构与吸收的比较分析,认为掺Co样品的晶格相对于纯的ZnO膨胀可能是由于Co2+的等电子杂质效应引起晶格扭曲使晶体的无序度及缺陷密度增大造成的,x>0.03时一部分Co2+离开其四配体位产生聚集可能是造成晶胞参数下跌、d-d吸收强度变化缓慢的原因.     

ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜的制备及其光电性能的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法在石英衬底上制备Al3+掺杂ZnO薄膜,研究了Al3+掺杂对ZnO薄膜微结构和光学性能的影响.XRD测量结果表明,Zn1-xAlxO薄膜具有六角纤锌矿结构,晶格常数随着Al掺杂浓度的增加而减小;紫外-可见透射光谱(UV)表明,所有薄膜在可见光区的透过率均超过80%;光致发光谱研究发现,随着Al掺杂浓度的增加ZnO的吸收带边发生蓝移,XRD和光学性能研究都证实了ZnO薄膜中的Al3+是以替位式形式存在于晶格中.     

Mn掺杂纳米晶ZnO的制备及其性质

 采用固相热分解自组装方法制备Mn掺杂纳米晶ZnO样品, 并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 能量散射光谱(EDS)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和光致发光光谱(PL)等方法测试Mn掺杂ZnO样品的结构、 形态及光学性质. 结果表明: 采用本文方法获得了具有ZnMn低O/ZnMn高O核壳结构的ZnMnO合金; 在250 ℃和300 ℃制备样品时, 表面存在大量的Mn对表面起钝化作用.     

Ni掺杂ZnO的结构、光学和磁学性质

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Zn1-xNixO(x=0.1 %,0.4 %,0.7 %,1.0 %)粉末,研究了样品的结构、光学和磁学性质.X射线衍射表明所有样品都具有纤锌矿结构,没有发现第2相.随着掺杂量的增加c轴晶格常数变小.X射线光电子能谱显示样品中的Ni离子处于+2价态.由紫外可见光吸收谱发现,随着掺杂量的增加能隙逐渐变小,证实了Ni2+对Zn2+的替代.由光致发光谱发现,在390 nm附近出现了由于近带边自由激子复合引起的紫外峰和以467 nm为中心宽带深能级发光带组成的由缺陷引起的较宽的蓝光.磁化强度测量表明,样品具有室温铁磁性,且随着掺杂浓度的增加,饱和磁化强度增加.当掺杂量为1.0 %时饱和磁化强度最大为0.076 μB/Ni.     

Mg掺杂ZnO纳米材料的结构及光学特性研究

采用低温热分解法制备Zn1-xMgxO(x=0,0.03)纳米材料,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光(PL)和拉曼光谱分析研究了Mg的掺杂对样品的结构和光学特性的影响.另外,还利用能量弥散X射线能谱仪(EDX)对样品的元素含量进行了表征.结果表明,Zn0.97Mg0.03O具有和ZnO一样的衍射谱,为六方纤锌矿结构.但是,随着Mg的掺入,样品Zn0.97Mg0.03O的结晶有序性遭到一定程度的破坏,结晶质量下降.XRD和EDX结果证明了Mg成功掺入ZnO晶格中,形成了替位式掺杂.在拉曼光谱中,位于434 cm-1处的E2(H)模式的出现表明样品为六角纤锌矿结构的ZnO.室温光致发光谱出现很强的紫外近带发射峰,没有观察到深能级发射,且随着Mg的掺入,紫外发射峰发生蓝移.     

K掺杂量对K-N共掺ZnO薄膜光学性能的影响

利用超声喷雾热解法在石英玻璃衬底上制备不同K掺杂量的K-N共掺ZnO薄膜.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光谱(PL谱)和紫外-可见分光光度计对K-N共掺ZnO薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌及光学性能进行表征.结果表明:K-N共掺ZnO薄膜为六方纤锌矿结构并沿(002)方向择优生长;随着K掺杂量的增加,薄膜紫外发射峰的强度先升高后降低,并且吸收边出现轻微蓝移,禁带宽度增大;K-N共掺ZnO薄膜的透过率随K的掺杂量的增加先升高后降低,在65%～70%之间浮动.当K掺杂原子比为0.025时,所制备的薄膜具有高度的c轴择优取向,其薄膜表面均匀、光滑平整,具有较好的结晶度和光学性能.     

烧结温度对Co掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体性能的影响

通过溶胶—凝胶法制备了Co掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体纳米颗粒,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计等测试手段对Co掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体样品进行了结构和磁性表征.结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,样品的固溶度逐渐增加.当样品的烧结温度为800℃时,样品为单相的ZnO结构.磁性测试结果表明,Co掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体在室温下具有铁磁性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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