Insulin rapidly stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of a Mr-185,000 protein in intact cells

Phosphotyrosine-containing proteins are minor components of normal cells which appear to be associated primarily with the regulation of cellular metabolism and growth. The insulin receptor is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase, and one of the earliest detectable responses to insulin binding is activation of this kinase and autophosphorylation of its beta-subunit. Tyrosine autophosphorylation activates the phosphotransferase in the beta-subunit and increases its reactivity toward tyrosine phosphorylation of other substrates. When incubated in vitro with [gamma-32P]ATP and insulin, the purified insulin receptor phosphorylates various proteins on their tyrosine residues. However, so far no proteins other than the insulin receptor have been identified as undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation in response to insulin in an intact cell. Here, using anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, we have identified a novel phosphotyrosine-containing protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 185,000 (pp185) which appears during the initial response of hepatoma cells to insulin binding. In contrast to the insulin receptor, pp185 does not adhere to wheat-germ agglutininagarose or bind to anti-insulin receptor antibodies. Phosphorylation of pp185 is maximal within seconds after exposure of the cells to insulin and exhibits a dose-response curve similar to that of receptor autophosphorylation, suggesting that this protein represents the endogenous substrate for the insulin receptor kinase.     

经验模态分解在EGG信号慢波提取中的应用

对临床检测到的胃电图(electrogastrogram,EGG)信号先进行经验模态分解(empirical modedecomposition,EMD),然后再选择相应的内在模分量重构,有效地提取出EGG信号中的慢波成分,提高了信号的信噪比.     

逆作法施工引起的地铁车站结构关键节点的应力演化

通过有限元数值模拟方法,对盖挖逆作法施工中地铁车站结构的几个关键节点的受力状态和演化过程进行分析.研究表明:施工过程中墙与板连接点处板的上侧受拉而下侧受压,中板与侧墙连接点处由于基坑外侧土的侧向应力释放,使得在负二层土开挖后,中板上侧也由受拉转为受压状态;柱与板连接点处板的上侧受拉而下侧受压,顶板与中柱连接点由于负一层土回弹,在施工初期上侧受压而下侧受拉,在上覆土回填之后应力状态再次转变为上侧受压.计算表明:下置导墙处混凝土的拉应力、剪应力及最大主拉应力和最大主压应力均小于混凝土设计强度值.     

Cancer gene discovery in solid tumours using transposon-based somatic mutagenesis in the mouse

Retroviruses, acting as somatic cell insertional mutagens, have been widely used to identify cancer genes in the haematopoietic system and mammary gland. An insertional mutagen for use in other mouse somatic cells would facilitate the identification of genes involved in tumour formation in a wider variety of tissues. Here we report the ability of the Sleeping Beauty transposon to act as a somatic insertional mutagen to identify genes involved in solid tumour formation. A Sleeping Beauty transposon, engineered to elicit loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations, transposed in all somatic tissues tested and accelerated tumour formation in mice predisposed to cancer. Cloning transposon insertion sites from these tumours revealed the presence of common integration sites, at known and candidate cancer genes, similar to those observed in retroviral mutagenesis screens. Sleeping Beauty is a new tool for unbiased, forward genetic screens for cancer genes in vivo.     

基于离散滑模控制的通信网络拥塞控制(英文)

最近30年来,离散滑模控制(DSMC)被加以研究.在现有离散滑模控制的文献中,不但有完善的理论,并且有应用的实例.计算机通信网络(涵盖有线和无线情形)的发展给控制专家提出了具有挑战性的问题.此类系统的响应很快,因此要求控制器必须能快速反应.同时,此类系统中的数据包和路由采用固有的切换方式.因此,在该网络系统中采用与其固有切换类似的滑动模态控制成为一个有趣的问题.本文应用离散滑模控制方法来解决通信网络的拥塞控制问题.在过去几年中,许多反馈控制方法被用来解决通信网络的许多问题,如流量控制,拥塞控制和功率控制.本文提出了一种新的应用滑动模态控制来实现通信网络拥塞控制的方法.由于计算机通信网络处理的是数字数据且在本质上是离散的,因此其是一类离散时间系统,因而可应用离散滑模控制.在该系统中,比特率保持恒定不变,通过调整缓冲区的长度来控制拥塞.出于模拟与分析的目的,缓冲区的最大长度被设为250bit.本文展示了离散滑模控制能够实现通讯网络不同特性的控制.     

色散补偿啁啾光纤光栅耦合模方程理论探讨

对色散补偿啁啾光纤光栅耦合模方程进行了理论研究,提出了耦合模方程的一种解法。讨论了光纤光栅的透射率和反射率是位置函数的问题,进一步研究了啁啾光栅色散补偿器的耦合系数和色散系数。研究结果表明：啁啾光纤光栅的反射率不仅与光栅的模式耦合系数有关,同时也与变周期有关;减小光栅的模式耦合系数可以增大耦合效率和提高光栅反射率。对于色散补偿器来说,它的带宽必须大于光脉冲的带宽,啁啾光栅的带宽越窄,它的色散系数就越大。     

Mapping of the protein import machinery in the mitochondrial outer membrane by crosslinking of translocation intermediates.

Mitochondria contain a complex machinery for the import of nuclear-encoded proteins. Receptor proteins exposed on the outer membrane surface are required for the specific binding of precursor proteins to mitochondria, either by binding of cytosolic signal recognition factors or by direct recognition of the precursor polypeptides. Subsequently, the precursors are inserted into the outer membrane at the general insertion site GIP (general insertion protein). Here we report the analysis of receptors and GIP by crosslinking of translocation intermediates and by coimmunoprecipitation. Surface-accumulated precursors were crosslinked to the receptors MOM19 and MOM72, suggesting a direct interaction of preproteins with surface receptors. We identified three novel mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, MOM7, MOM8, and MOM30 that, together with the previously identified MOM38, seem to form the GIP site and are present in the mitochondrial receptor complex.     

Mapping of the nuclear fertility restorer gene for HL cytoplasmic male sterility in rice using microsatellite markers

Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of a BC, population derived from Congguang 41A//Miyang 23/Congguang 41B was used to map the nuclear fertility restorer gene for Honglian (HL) cytoplasmic male sterility. One hundred and fifty-nine microsatellite primer pairs were screened for polymorphisms between the parents and between two bulks representing fertile and sterile plants. One microsatellite marker RM258 produced polymorphic products. The nuclear fertility restorer gene for HL cytoplasmic male sterility was mapped on chromosome 10, 7.8cM from RM258. The restorer gene may be clustered on chromosome.     

Physiological [Ca2+]i level and pump-leak turnover in intact red cells measured using an incorporated Ca chelator

The physiological actions of Ca2+ as a trigger and second messenger depend on the maintenance of large inward resting Ca2+ gradients across the cell plasma membrane. An ATP-fuelled Ca-pump, originally discovered and still best characterized in human red cells, is now believed to mediate resting Ca2+ extrusion in most animal cells. However, even in red cells, the truly physiological pump-leak turnover rate and cytoplasmic free Ca2+ level are unknown. Previous estimates were only very imprecise upper limits because normal intact red cells have a minute total pool of exchangeable Ca of less than 1 mumol 1 cells; Ca fluxes could not be measured without artificially increasing that pool with ionophores or disrupting the membrane to incorporate Ca buffers. Both procedures leave the membrane considerably leakier than in intact cells. Here, we have increased the exchangeable Ca pool by non-disruptively loading a Ca-chelator into intact cells, using intracellular hydrolysis of a membrane-permeant ester. The trapped chelator made the free cytoplasmic calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, an easily defined function of directly measurable total cell Ca. We were then able to establish the physiological steady-state [Ca2+]i and pump-leak turnover rate of fresh cells suspended in their own plasma. If [Ca2+]i was lowered below the normal resting level, the Ca pump rate decreased according to the square of [Ca2+]i, and the inward Ca leak increased. The increase in leak did not develop if the cells were depleted of ATP and ADP.     

基于频率比-投影寻踪模型的渝东北三峡库区滑坡敏感性制图

滑坡敏感性制图是灾害防治较为有效的软措施之一。以渝东北三峡库区为例,利用频率比法和投影寻踪模型绘制滑坡敏感性图。首先,针对研究区的地质环境特征建立滑坡敏感性评价指标,并利用频率比法分析历史滑坡与指标之间的空间关系。其次,利用投影寻踪模型确定评价指标的最优向量,将频率比分析结果与最优向量进行加权计算得到滑坡敏感性指数,并将其划分为高敏感区、较高敏感区、中敏感区、较低敏感区和低敏感区。最后,利用接受者操作特征(receiver operating characteristics, ROC)曲线验证了滑坡敏感性制图结果。结果表明,频率比-投影寻踪模型在滑坡敏感性制图中具有良好的性能,样本和验证数据的曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)值分别为0.844和0.763。研究区滑坡敏感性以中低风险为主;较高和高风险区面积约占22%,主要分布在忠县、万州以及巫山等区县的人类工程活动集中区。研究结果可为区内灾害防治提供参考,有助于提升三峡库区地质灾害防灾减灾保障能力。     

单轴晶体为内包层的双包层光导纤维HE11模的特性研究

研究了以单轴晶体为内包层，且晶体光轴沿光纤轴线（Z轴）方向的双层光纤的传输等特性，给出了3个区域中电磁场满足的波动方程及其解，得出了矢量模的精确特征方程，重点研究了晶体主轴折射率比kcl，几何参数S，光学参数R对HE11模色散和截止特性的影响，研究结果发现晶体主轴折射率比kcl对HE11模的传输和截止特性有显著影响，研究结果对利用该类包层光纤设计新型无源光器件具有重要的参考价值。     

单轴晶体为内包层的双包层光导纤维HE_(11)模的特性研究

研究了以单轴晶体为内包层 ,且晶体光轴沿光纤轴线 (Z轴 )方向的双包层光纤的传输特性 .给出了 3个区域中电磁场满足的波动方程及其解 ,得出了矢量模的精确特征方程 .重点研究了晶体主轴折射率比 kcl,几何参数 S,光学参数 R对 HE11模色散和截止特性的影响 .研究结果发现晶体主轴折射率比 kcl对 HE11模的传输和截止特性有显著影响 .研究结果对利用该类双包层光纤设计新型无源光器件具有重要的参考价值 .     

酵母双杂交筛选与脱落酸受体相互作用的蛋白质及其重转酵母的验证

脱落酸（abscisic acid,ABA）是一种重要的植物激素,它能使植物适应逆境胁迫,从而调节植物的生长发育状况.现今ABA受体已被公认为RCARs/PYR/PYLs家族蛋白.本实验通过拟南芥为模式植物,利用酵母双杂交系统共转化方法从拟南芥cDNA文库中筛选与RCAR3相互作用的蛋白质,获得多个阳性克隆,从中选取一个与生长素调节相关的基因NIT1的全长cDNA重新转化酵母验证,发现与RCAR3仍然有相互作用,排除了假阳性的可能.从而为下一步研究该基因与RCAR3的相互关系做好了准备.