油田注水井杀菌增注的研究

油田注水井地层堵塞原因很复杂,和注水中的微生物、悬浮物有关.杀菌增注试验处理后,井底水杀菌率达100%;H_2S 和油类全部去除.杀菌后连续注水一个月,地层水中各种菌数量仍比杀菌试验前少.2903井 H_2S 去除率仍是100%,油类和 SS 去除率为99%和68%.28413井 H_2S 去除率为63%,油类和 SS 去除率为60%和67%.注水量和杀菌前比较,提高了204.7%和318.5%;注水量显著增加.     

新型油田回注水杀菌剂的杀菌特性

为了解决油田回注水杀菌剂苯扎氯铵[1227]的耐药性问题,合成了一种新型的双子结构季铵盐,4,4′-(1,5-戊撑二羟基)双(1-碘化十二烷基吡啶),命名为PA-12.研究了该季铵盐对于硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌和腐生菌的杀菌特性.结果表明:PA-12的最低杀菌质量浓度与传统的油田回注水杀菌剂1227相比低一个数量级,对于硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌和腐生菌的平均达到了5.2mg/L.PA-12对于环境温度和pH的变化都能够保持杀菌活性的稳定性.即使在10℃时PA-12的最低杀菌质量浓度也不高于60mg/L,对于油田回注水的杀菌作业具有实际意义.pH几乎不影响PA-12的杀菌能力.     

生活污水与酸性矿山废水混合沉淀效果分析

设计生活污水与酸性矿山废水混合处理实验,重点考察混合水体水质变化特征及混合体系中污染物的分布,以研究生活污水与酸性矿山废水混合后,其对硫酸盐还原菌生长的影响,并对污染物的去除效果及机理进行分析。结果表明,化粪池水与酸性矿山废水混合后能去除水体中50%以上的Fe、Zn、Cu、Cd和Ni,提供充足的有机碳源等,这些可以为硫酸盐还原菌提供更适宜的生长环境。由于污染物间的吸附作用,仍有部分污染物不能沉降,以悬浮物形态存在于水体中。     

内聚营养源SRB固定化交联剂的选择及对含锌废水的处理

以聚乙烯醇为包埋介质,对硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）进行固定化处理：以含锌废水为处理对象,考察不同交联剂对成球性能影响、营养源内聚效果、硫酸盐还原效果、锌离子去除率和出水COD（化学需氧量）等因素。研究结果表明：最佳交联剂为40％（NH4）2S04和2％CaCl2：采用该交联体系制得固定化小球,每克小球内聚33．11mg乳酸钠,硫酸根还原率为53．5％,锌离子去除率可达到98％,出水COD低于100mg／L;固定化小球经过4次循环试验,出水锌离子浓度仍达到污水综合排放二级标准。     

红岗油田注入水质防腐技术研究

本文分析了吉林油田红岗采油厂造成注水生产系统设备腐蚀的原因,研究了各主要腐蚀因素对注水系统和井下机具的腐蚀作用。本文通过对红岗油田注入水水质、油田伴生气和溶解性气体、微生物生长情况及腐蚀垢样成分的分析,确定了造成注水系统腐蚀的主要原因为硫酸盐还原菌长期滋生造成的微生物诱导腐蚀。通过对多种杀菌药剂按绝迹稀释法严格筛选及现场应用证明:天津化工研究设计院的杀菌剂TS-780不仅具有良好有杀菌性能,同时表现出良好的缓蚀效果,杀菌剂TS-780能有效地解决红岗油田注水系统长期存在的细菌腐蚀问题。     

W112杀菌剂对太原热网循环水中有害菌群杀灭特性的研究

采用室内静态杀菌实验方法,研究了复配杀菌剂W112对太原热网循环水中富集分离的粘液异样菌群、硫酸盐还原菌群及铁细菌群的杀灭结果,结果表明：（1）W112的杀菌浓度以80mg/L为宜;（2）pH,温度,作用时间的不同均会影响W112杀灭粘液异养菌群,硫酸盐还原菌群及铁细菌群的效果;（3）W112杀菌作用的最佳PH为7－8,最佳温度为35度,作用60min即可达到较佳的杀菌效果。     

富硫酸盐矿井排水中空纤维膜供氢自养脱硫

硫酸盐的去除是煤矿矿井排水再利用的难点,设计中空纤维膜生物反应器,以无泡曝气方式供H2,在生物法脱硫过程中提供电子供体.膜组件为束状末端封闭式.采用不同的缓冲系统,研究无泡供氢自养脱硫的长期连续运行处理效果,最大硫酸盐(以SO 2-4计)还原速率为1.32g/(L·d),是同类研究反应器最大处理能力的1.5～2.3倍.在较高盐度条件下,硫酸盐还原菌在偏碱性的环境中活性更强,最适pH值与盐度水平有关.维持体系弱碱性环境有利于控制游离态H2S的浓度,是减轻H2S抑制效应的有效方法.     

微氧环境抑制硫酸盐还原反应作用研究

采用含高浓度硫酸盐抗生素废水,对比分析了自然厌氧及微氧水解酸化反应器硫酸盐还原反应,考查了微氧环境对硫酸盐还原反应的抑制作用及其对环境条件的改善.结果表明,系统ORP为-100 mV是影响硫酸盐还原反应的转折点,微氧环境及其所引起的高ORP(-50~50 mV)能够导致SRB失活死亡,抑制硫酸盐还原反应的发生,致使出水硫酸盐浓度大幅升高,而去除的硫酸盐主要用于生物体合成,只有10%~30%.出水中硫化物和气相中H2S质量浓度均降低到了未检出水平,较好地消除了硫化物的毒害作用,极大地改善了周围环境条件.同时微氧环境增强了兼性菌的生理代谢功能,其物理搅拌改善了水力条件,提高了废水水解酸化效果.     

海水养虾场底泥中产H2S的细菌的特征

从微生物学角度,采用细胞形态学和生理生化分类法,结合部分细菌16SrDNA序列测定结果,分析了近海养虾场底泥中代谢有机硫和无机硫产H2S细菌的数量、种群结构及其分布特征．发现芽孢杆菌属、盐芽孢杆菌属和微杆菌属的菌株是产H2S的优势菌群,其它种群细菌产H2S的作用较小,硫酸盐还原菌的数量最少。     

玉米芯吸附协同低温等离子体对H_2S的去除作用

为解决低温等离子体(NTP)高压放电后产生的副产物排放问题,采用玉米芯吸附协同低温等离子体系统来降解硫化氢恶臭气体。确定了电极放电特性参数,考察NTP中的极间电压、H_2S初始浓度和吸附反应器(CA)协同对H_2S降解的影响;并分析H_2S降解机理。研究表明,CA协同NTP系统能显著提高H_2S去除效率,当采用负极放电、极板间距40 mm、极间电压15 k V、H_2S初始浓度为500×10~(-9)(ppb)、吸附时间60 min时,CA协同NTP去除H_2S的去除率可达到90%以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the