陕西蓝田锡水洞哺乳动物群的意义

在分析了锡水洞化石哺乳动物群的性质及其所反映的古气候环境后，通过对该时期古人类分布及活动的推断，确定出该动物群的时代为中更新世，进而推算出了第四纪中期以来秦岭大约抬升了１１０ｍ。     

Middle Pleistocene mammalian fauna of Shanyangzhai cave in Qinhuangdao area,China and its zoogeographical significance

The mammalian fauna with clear characteristics of transitional region has been found in the Shanyangzhai cave of the Qin-huangdao area where the three Chinese zoogeographical regions (the Northeast region, the North region and the Mengxin region) join. Abundant fossils mainly are small mammals. The fauna includes typical species derived from three zoogeographical regions and can be compared with the middle Pleistocene faunas found in both the Zhoukoudian (the North region) and the Jinniushan (the Northeast ...     

马坝人地点南支洞铀系定年初步结果

报道马坝人地点南支洞次生碳酸盐岩和骨化石样的铀系年代. 根据表层钙板 2 个样品 3 次测试的平均结果,其下含化石堆积应早于 237 ka. 出自第二层堆积的骨化石样分析结果显著小于上覆表层钙板,可引为骨化石铀系年代结果可信度欠佳的例证. 基于洞穴地点骨化石样铀系年代总体偏低的认识,并基于南支洞与出土马坝人化石裂隙堆积层位相当的假设,我们认为可暂以南支洞表层钙板年代 (237 ka),代表马坝人化石的最小年代. 南支洞尚存较多的含化石堆积,多学科综合研究或可为马坝人的年代位置提供进一步的证据.     

120-150 ka human tooth and ivory engravings from Xinglongdong Cave, Three Gorges Region, South China

Rich paleoanthropological materials were unearthed in primary context from the Xinglongdong Cave in Fengjie County, Chongqing, South China, including a human tooth, numerous mammalian fossils, some stone artifacts and a Stegodon tusk exhibiting intentional engravings.Based on biostratigraphic data and uranium series dating,the cave was utilized as a human shelter about 120000-150000 years ago. It is the first time that an archaic Homo sapiens fossil has been unearthed from the Three Gorges Region. Engravings on the Stegodon tusk appear in groups,making up simple and abstract images. It is the earliest known engravings created by human beings; it exhibits great potential for the study of the origin of art and the development of ancient cultures in south China and bears important implications for the origin of modern humans in East Asia.     

New discoveries from the classic Quaternary mammalian fossil area of Yanjinggou, Chongqing, and their chronological explanations

Yanjinggou in Wanzhou District of Chongqing is one of the earliest reported and most famous Quaternary mammalian fossil areas in China. The fauna from this area used to be taken as a benchmark for the biochronological comparison of Quaternary paleontology of South China, but the chronology of this fauna has many controversies for the lack of exact locational and stratigraphical records. The present article, on the basis of recent investigations and discoveries, discusses and explains the distribution and biochronology of the mammalian faunas in the Yanjinggou area. The newly discovered Dayakou fissure fauna, including Rhizomys troglodytes, Homotherium sp., Panthera pardus, Stegodon orientalis, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, Hesperotherium sinense, Sus sp., Cervavitus fenqii, Cervus sp. and Muntiacus sp., is correlated to the middle Early Pleistocene. The presence of Early Pleistocene mammalian fauna in the Yanjinggou area is therefore confirmed. The “Wanhsien fauna” or “Yenchingkou (=Yanjinggou) fauna” as a Mid-Late Pleistocene biostratigraphical datum should be abandoned. The Dayakou fauna and the Upper Cave fauna of Pingba, both in the Yanjinggou area, are correlated to the middle Early Pleistocene and the early Middle Pleistocene in age, respectively.     

The Homo sapiens Cave hominin site of Mulan Mountain, Jiangzhou District, Chongzuo, Guangxi with emphasis on its age

One of the most hotly debated and frontal issues in paleoanthropology focuses on the origins of modern humans. Recently, an incomplete hominin mandible with a distinctly weaker mental protuberance than modern human and a great variety of coexisting fossil mammals were unearthed from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain, Chongzuo, Guangxi. The mammalian fauna from the Homo sapiens Cave characterized by the combination of Elephas kiangnanensis, first occurring Elephas maixmus, and Megatapirus augustus, and strikingly different from the Early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus fauna and the Middle Pleistocene Ailuropoda-Stogodon fauna of South China could be regarded as an early representive of the typical Asian elephant fauna. Faunal analysis, biostratigraphic correlation, and, most importantly, U-series dating all consistently support an estimate of ca. 110 ka for the age of the fossil Homo sapiens and coexisting mammalian fauna, that is, the early Late Pleistocene. The fauna is mainly made up of tropical-subtropical elements, but grassland elements have a much greater variety than forest elements, which probably indicates a drier climate at that time. This discovery of early Homo sapiens at the Mulan Mountain will play a significant role in the study of the origin and its environmental background of modern humans.     

湘西更新世哺乳动物化石痕迹考察研究

目的 考察湘西土家族苗族自治州古丈县断龙乡猛虎洞更新世哺乳动物群骨化石断裂痕迹的状态与原因,探索湘西地区古人类活动的遗迹.方法 观测哺乳动物群骨化石断裂痕迹剖面的形态结构,以区别食肉类动物群的咬痕与人类打造的印迹.结果 经40件东方剑齿象、中国犀、鹿等残骨化石标本断裂痕迹剖面的观测,发现有部分骨化石断裂剖面圆钝,似啮齿动物的咬痕,但大部分骨化石断端剖面呈锥形切削改造,有的双面削刮呈锐利器型,有的存在明显打击或铲刮的 “印记”,初步认为属早期人类制作骨器的遗迹.结论 结合地理环境和地学结构分析,猛虎洞可能属晚更新世(10～5)万年前旧石器人类穴居的营地或系同生代古脊椎动物的遗址.     

Virtual three dimensions reconstruction and isoline analysis of human marks on the surface of animal fossils

Animal fossils in archaeological sites are closely related to human activities. The environment and human activities, such as hunting-selection, cook process, traditional culture and habits can be partly inferred from the variety of fauna, fragmentation of the bones, and the human marks on bones’ sur-faces. So far, researches about marks on fossils are few in China, and are mainly observed directly by eyes. Light Microscopes and Scanning Electron Microscopes are also applied to the observation abroad. These...     

Huanglong Cave, a new late Pleistocene hominid site in Hubei Province, China

For the past two decades, the modern human origins debate has received significant interest from both the scientific community and the public. The two hypothe- ses “Out of Africa” and “Mutiregional evolution” are focuses of this debate[1-3]. In partic…     

The evidence of fossil carbon isotopes of the climatic event at the beginning of Quaternary

Tooth enamel of mammalian fossils can efficiently preserve the original carbon isotopic mposition when they lived. The ungulate fossils, especially equids in the early Early Pleistocene Bajiazui fauna from Qingyang, Gansu are studied. According to the enriched relation of carbon isotopes between mammalian tooth enamel and grass diets, the fractions of C₃ and C₄ plants in this region at that time are reconstructed, which indicates that C₃ grass occupied a dominant position. Because C₃ grass adapts itself to cold and clamp climates, cur analytic results show that the time of the Bajiazui fauna was in a critical state between a glacial stage beginning and a summer monsoon retreat, and it was a reflection to the turning cold event of the global climate at the beginning of the Quaternary.     

中国的三叠纪海生爬行动物化石及其层位

对中国三叠纪海生爬行动物化石及其产出层位、产地进行了较为系统的分析研究和总结,划分出4个相关的海生爬行动物群:早三叠世南漳海生爬行动物群、中三叠世兴义海生爬行动物群、晚三叠世关岭海生爬行动物群、晚三叠世定日海生爬行动物群.进一步的研究表明,中国三叠纪海生爬行动物化石数量比较丰富,种类多样;特别是贵州关岭地区三叠纪海生化石数量多、保存完整,基本上为原地埋藏,实属国内外同期地层之罕见.中国三叠纪海生爬行动物化石地史分布从早三叠世奥伦尼克期到晚三叠世诺利期都有分布;地理分布主要分布于古东特提斯海域,具有明显的区域性.     

Evidence of fire use of late Pleistocene humans from the Huanglong Cave, Hubei Province, China

Since 2004, three excavations have been carried out at a late Pleistocene human fossil site of Huanglong Cave in Yunxi County, Hubei Province of China, which unearthed seven human teeth, dozens of stone tools, mammal fossils and other evidence indicating human activities. During the third excavation in 2006, in the same layer as the human teeth, we found some patches of black materials embedded in the deposit. We doubted that this black deposit layer is the remains of burning or even human use of fire at the cave. To further explore the possibility of human fire use at the Huanglong Cave, we examined samples directly taken from the black deposit layer and compared them with samples taken from several places in the cave using three methods: micromorphology, element content determination and deposit temperature analysis. Our results indicate that the contents of carbon element in the black deposit reach 64.59%―73.29%. In contrast, contents of carbon element of the comparative samples from other parts in the cave are only 5.82%―9.49%. The micromorphology analysis of the black deposit samples reveals a plant structure like axial parenchyma, fibrocyte, uniseriate ray and vessel. High-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest that the stratum possibly underwent a high temperature in the nature. Based on these lab analyses, we are sure that the black layer in the Huanglong Cave is the remains of fire and combustion did occur in the cave 100000 years ago. Taking other evidence of human activities found in the Huanglong Cave into consideration, we believe that the evidence of fire from the Huanglong Cave was caused by the human activities of controlled use of fire.     

合川牛尾洞哺乳动物化石的鉴定和记述

记述了重庆合川县牛尾洞内的第四纪哺乳动物牙齿、骨骼、角等化石160余件.经鉴定计有6目、13科、18属、19种.     

渭北地区石炭纪牙形刺初步研究

本文对渭北地区石炭纪地层中采集的牙形刺进行了研究。经鉴定,共获得牙形刺6个属,8个种和6个未定种。其中中石炭统本溪组以Streptognathodus cf.parvus和?Idiognathodus corrugatus为代表;上石炭统太原组下部以Streptognathodus gracilis为代表;中部以S.oppletus,S.elegantulus和Idiognathodus delicatus为代表;上部经与其它地区同时期的牙形刺相比,缺失了以S.elongatus和S.wabaunsensis为代表的矛形刺动物群。     

四川天全、芦山、宝兴地区须家河组双壳类动物群

文章报道四川天全沙坪、芦山双石、宝兴灵关等地的上三叠统须家河组中丰富的双壳类动物群,建立了一个以ＹｕｎｎａｎｏｐｈｏｒｕｓＰｅｒｍｏｐｈｏｒｕｓ－Ｗｅｉｙｕａｎｅｌｌａ为特征分子的组合带,分析了双壳类化石组合特征,描述双壳类化石５新种（Ｐａｃｈｙｃａｒｄｉａｓｉｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｙｕｎｎａｎｏｐｈｏｒｕｓｂａｏｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｐｅｒｍｏｐｈｏｒｕｓｔｉａｎｑｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｗａａｇｅｎｏｐｅｒｎａｔｕｍｉｄａ,Ｍｙｏｐｈｏｒｉｏｐｉｓｌｉｎｇｇｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）。它的研究对四川盆地西部和西北部须家河组地度的划分和邻区对比以及古地理概况和煤系地层的认识,提供了新的素材。     

盘县动物群研究进展

盘县动物群是以保存完整、精美、属种丰富的海生爬行动物化石为特色,伴生海生 无脊椎动物化石的一套完整的珍稀古生物群落。盘县动物群产于中三叠统关岭组上段,属于 牙形石Nicoraella kockeli带,时代为中三叠世安尼期的Pelsonian亚期,早于著名的 意大利—瑞士交界处Monte San Giorgio地区的Grenzbitumenzone动物群（安尼阶—拉丁阶界线 附近）,是目前世界上中三叠世最老的海生爬行类动物群。它的发现和研究填补了海生爬行动 物演化的早期链条,增强了人们对海生爬行动物各类群的起源、演化、系统发育、古生物地 理以及动物群特异埋藏理论的认识。近期研究表明,盘县动物群中的海生爬行动物：（1） 具有较高的分异度,已报道5属5种,拥有了目前发现的最古老的混鱼龙科分子、鸥龙属分子、 较老的幻龙属分子和真正适应水生生活的原龙类以及诸多未描述的类群;（2） 动物群多由 适应近岸浅水环境的类群组成,在面貌上呈现出强烈的西特提斯生物亲近性;（3） 动物群属 特异埋藏,赋存层分布有4～5层凝灰岩,化学特征分析显示存在7次火山间歇性喷发活动,火 山活动导致的生态环境急剧恶化可能是动物群集群绝灭的直接诱因。     

Discovery of the Upper Permian series in Cuoqin Basin, Xizang (Tibet) and its geological significance

During the field work,one assumption has been made according to the lithologic,especially the paleotogic characteristics observed. The assumption is that the Upper Permian series should exist in Aduogabu which is in Xiadong Town, Gaize County, Tibet. This assumption was verified by the results of paleontologic identification. Accordingly it can be concluded that the idea of the lacuna of the Upper Permian series in Gangdise-Nyainqentanylha stratigraphic area should be reconsidered. There also exist abundant fossils such as coral, foraminifera.bra-chiopada and algae, which are representative of the result from warm water fauna. There exist some pinnacle reels consisting of coral and/or stramatopora. All this reflects the location evolution of Tibet in the area from high to low latitudes.     

河南灵井许昌人遗址古人类化石及相关研究进展

 2007年和2014年，河南灵井遗址出土的距今10万年左右的许昌人头骨化石引起古人类学界的广泛关注，研究显示晚更新世早期中国境内可能并存多种古人类成员，不同群体之间有杂交或者基因交流产生。许昌人为中国古人类演化的地区连续性以及与欧洲古人类之间的交流提供了一定程度的支持。本文回顾了许昌人化石的发现历史、复原和研究过程，介绍了许昌人伴生的哺乳动物化石、石制品、骨质工具的最新研究进展；讨论了灵井遗址未来工作前景。许昌人化石及伴生的文化遗物为探讨当时人类的体质特征、行为方式及中国古人类的演化模式提供了重要的参考资料。     

Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia) from the Rhino Cave in Shennongjia, Hubei

The Rhino Cave,a Paleolithic site in Shennongjia,is the highest altitude locality of rhinoceros in the Middle-South part of China,and it is also the southernmost and the richest locality in Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis fossils which include cranium,mandibles,isolated teeth and postcranials.These materials can be referred to the species Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis according to the following characters:incisorless,mandibular symphysis contracted,occiput high,subaural channel closed,with nasal and frontal h...     

陕西蓝田锡水洞遗址鼠科化石（I）

系统描述了陕西蓝田锡水洞遗址的洞穴堆积物中用筛洗法采集的鼠科化石的４属６种：Ｍ．ｍｕｓｃｕｌｕｓ，Ａｐｃｄｅｍｕｓｃｈｅｖｒｉｅｒｉ，Ａ．ａｇｒａｒｉｕｓ，Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓｓｐ．，Ｖ，ｃｆｆｏｒａｍｅｎａ，Ｌｅａｐｏｄａｌｍｙｓｃｆ．ｅｄｗａｒｄｓｉ，并分析了它们的古环境意义。