Phase behavior and properties of salt-free cationic/anionic surfactant mixtures of oleic acid and stearic acid

Cationic base surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide （TTAOH）, can be obtained through anion exchange from tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide （TTABr）. Salt-free cationic and anionic （catanionic） surfactant mixtures were studied by mixing TTAOH with oleic acid （OA） or stearic acid （SA） in water. The phase behavior of TTAOH/OA/H2O is compared with that of TTAOH/SA/H2O. It was found that the phase behavior of TTAOH/OA/H2O and TTAOH/SA/H2O system differs from each other due to the existence of the unsaturated double carbon bond （C=C） in OA. At fixed total surfactant concentration （25 mg/mL） of TTAOH/ONH2O system at 25℃, one can observe an isotropic L1 phase, and a L1/Lα two-phase region with increasing OA content. The volume of top turbid Lα phase increases while the bottom phase changes gradually from transparently clear to a bit turbid until a single Lα-phase is reached. Finally at high OA concentration, excess OA is separated from the bulk aqueous solutions. TTAOH/SA/H2O system usually forms white precipitating at 25℃ due to the high chain melting temperature of SA. When heated to 60℃, however, the state of samples changes. At fixed total surfactant concentration of 25 mg/mL, an isotropic Lα phase and a milk-white or bluish Lα-phase are observed with increasing SA concentration. Transparent thin layers which are strongly birefringent form at the tops of some samples within the Lα-phase region. Finally, at high SA concentration, excess SA is separated from the bulk aqueous solutions. In addition to phase behavior study, we also measured the conductivity of TTAOH/OA/H2O system at 25℃ and TTAOH/SA/H2O system at 60℃, respectively. Surface tension and rheological measurements were also performed on typical samples.     

壳聚糖修饰的Lysozyme-PLGA阳离子纳米药物的制备与表征

通过二环己基碳二亚胺将聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)活化,又与溶菌酶进行化学键合,再采用单乳化-溶剂挥发技术制备表面带正电荷的壳聚糖(CHS)PLGA纳米微球。对纳米微球制备条件进行了优化。结果表明在ρ(CHS)=3 mg/mL,ρ(PLGA)=5 mg/mL,溶菌酶与PLGA的质量比为0.2的条件下,得到的纳米微球包封率为87.8%,载药量为14.7%。微球粒径φ可控制在(450±50)nm之间,在pH=4时,纳米微球表面ζ电位为42.5mV。SEM图像显示经CHS修饰的Lysozyme-PLGA的纳米微球形状规整。药物释放试验显示纳米微球在20 d后释放达到70%,且释放曲线规整。     

家庭自制牦牛酸奶中脂肪酸组成的分析

用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了牧民家庭自制牦牛酸奶以及牦牛奶中脂肪酸的组成及共轭亚油酸的含量.结果显示:牦牛酸奶和牦牛乳中检测到14种主要的脂肪酸,相对比例高的包括豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、油酸和硬脂酸,占总脂肪酸比例的90%以上.牦牛酸奶中总不饱和脂肪酸的比例为31.7%,共轭亚油酸含量为0.981±0.481mg/g,高于普通牛乳和酸奶.牦牛酸奶与牦牛奶中各种脂肪酸的比例基本接近.提示在酸奶制作过程中对脂肪酸组成的影响不大.     

浙江红花油茶茶油中脂肪酸主要成分分析

对浙江红花油茶茶油中脂肪酸性状的组成变化进行了研究,结果表明各产地油茶茶油中脂肪酸组成的单株间变异主要可分为3类:硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸变异系数较大,其次为棕榈酸,油酸的变异系数最小.亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸在产地间差异不显著,硬脂酸和油酸在产地间差异显著,棕榈酸在产地间差异极显著.     

小麦麸皮蛋白质的提取及其氨基酸组分分析

小麦麸皮主要含有纤维、蛋白质和淀粉,为实现其分层利用,提高其附加值,对小麦麸皮中的蛋白质分离工艺进行研究,并对其氨基酸组成进行分析。文章采用碱提酸沉方法提取小麦麸皮中的蛋白质,以小麦麸皮中蛋白质残留率为指标优化其提取效果。结果表明:在pH值为12左右、料液比为1∶15、温度为50℃、时间为3h时,小麦麸皮中蛋白质提取效果最佳,可达到小麦麸皮质量的15.85%,pH=3.8为最佳沉淀点;氨基酸组成分析表明小麦麸皮中含有13种氨基酸,其中8种必需氨基酸占提取蛋白质质量的20.4%,是一种良好的食用植物蛋白质资源。     

苏铁（Cycas revoluta）种子核仁中氨基酸成分分析

对苏铁种子核仁中氨基酸成分进行分析,苏铁种子中含有17种氨基酸,其中总氨基酸（TAA）和必需氨基酸（EAA）含量分别为8．16S2．91．其两种氨基酸的比例与标准蛋白质存在一定的差距,但是苏铁种子药用氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸的含量分别为68g和27．7老,对苏铁种子的开发利用具有重要意义．