三重介质油藏水平井试井解释模型研究

孔、洞、缝三重介质油藏在碳酸盐岩储层中较为普遍。采用Warrant-Root的方法建立了三重介质油藏水平井渗流数学模型,并采用Lord Kelvin点源解、贝塞尔函数积分和泊松叠加公式等方法求解了各向异性无限大三重介质油藏水平井在拉氏空间中的无因次压力响应函数。通过计算得到了无因次压力和压力导数双对数理论图版,并在其基础上分析了三重介质油藏水平井渗流特征及其影响因素。     

2区复合油藏水平井试井模型与实例解释

目前关于复合油藏水平井不稳定试井理论与应用研究很少见,针对这一问题,建立了水平井2区复合油藏不稳定试井模型,研究了一种利用拉普拉斯变换、分离变量及特征函数与特征值法等现代数学分析方法对模型进行求解的新方法,获得了拉普拉斯空间中不稳定试井井底压力表达式。利用数值反演,编程绘制了标准的试井分析样版曲线,并分析了2区复合油藏井底压力动态响应特征。不同的外边界条件具有不同的外边界特征响应,对顶定压或底定压边界,压力导数曲线在早期迅速下掉,不能反映出2区复合油藏的复合特性。对顶、底均为封闭边界,样版曲线明显反映出油藏的2区复合特性。实例分析结果表明,该模型可以用于2区复合状油藏水平井的不稳定试井解释,为油田开发生产服务。     

多分支井渗流和不稳定压力特征分析

根据多分支井的非稳态渗流特点,建立了多分支井的非稳态渗流模型,利用单支水平井的压力分布叠加得到了多分支井的压力分布.采用井筒流动与油藏流入相互作用的耦合模型,得到各种多分支井压力不稳定动态曲线,并分析了其不稳定压力动态特征.通过对多分支井压力不稳定动态曲线特征分析划分出了不同多分支井的渗流特征段,这对于多分支井试井解释和油藏评价具有重要的意义.     

各向异性断块油藏油井压力特征分析

各向异性对断块油藏地层压力分布及油井井底压力有明显影响。针对无限大两夹角扇形断块油藏,建立了
考虑断层闭合的单相不稳定渗流模型,利用坐标变换及数值计算得到不同生产时间各向异性断块油藏地层压力及油
井井底压力,分析了不同生产时间、断层夹角和渗透率强度系数对地层压力及油井井底压力影响。通过分析得出：各
向异性油藏压降损失在方向上存在差异,地层压降更多发生在主渗透率方向上;断层夹角越小,断层边界对生产影响
越大,地层及油井井底压力值越低;油井井底压力随渗透率强度系数变化不呈现出单调变化关系,存在先减小后增大
趋势。     

不同完井方式下水平井不稳定产能研究

随着钻完井技术的发展,采用水平井开发底水油藏成为提高产量、降低成本的有效途径,但是在生产过程中也暴露出日益严重的问题,主要为含水上升快、无水采收期短、完井方式不适应开发的需要和产能预测不准确等。在总结水平井产能预测模型的基础上,采用井筒与油藏耦合作用下的水平井不稳定产能预测数学模型,借鉴Cinco H等人求解有限导流垂直裂缝压裂井压力动态的计算方法,建立产能预测计算模型。该模型考虑底水驱油藏水平井情况,通过对不同完井方式下的表皮系数分解计算,开展了不同完井方式下的产能预测研究,这些研究结果对水平井完井方式优选和水平井油藏工程研究具有重要的指导意义。     

分形油藏非牛顿幂律液的不稳定渗流

根据分形几何学并结合渗流力学,建立了无限圆柱对称有分形结构的油藏的单相微可压缩、具有起始压力梯度非牛顿幂律液径向流的解析压力不稳定模型,导出了描述分形油藏幂律流的新的偏微分方程。利用拉氏变换和格林函数,得出了分形油藏无限大地层中心一口井在定产量生产时及稳态和不稳态条件下的井底压力解和渐近解。     

低渗透油藏水平井流入动态及影响因素

对低渗透油藏渗流规律不符合达西定律,普遍存在启动压力的特点,建立了低渗透油藏水平井油气两相渗流的数学模型,为水平井流入动态关系（IPR）曲线在低渗透油藏的应用提供了理论依据;分析了启动压力梯度、边界压力、边界半径、直线段斜率和截距等因素对水平井IPR曲线的影响程度。研究表明：对于低渗透油藏,相同井底流压时,启动压力梯度越小,水平井产量越大;边界压力越大,水平井产量越大;边界半径越小,水平井产量越大;直线段斜率越大,水平井产量越大;直线段截距越大,水平井产量越大。     

低渗透油藏中水平井的非稳态产能研究

用水平井开发低渗透油藏可以建立有效的驱替压差,提高单井产能。正确预测低渗透油藏中水平井的产能对水平井的优化设计具有重要意义。针对低渗油藏的特征,考虑启动压力梯度,建立了低渗透油藏中水平井开发时的不稳定渗流数学模型,采用拉普拉斯变换及数值反演技术,得到低渗透油藏中水平井的非稳态产能,并分析了无因次井底压力和无因次产量的变化规律及影响因素。研究成果对低渗透油藏水平井的开发具有重要的指导意义。     

分形油藏非牛顿幂律液的不稳定渗液

根据分形几何学并结合渗流力学,建立了无限圆柱对称有分形结构的油藏的单相微可压缩、具有起始压力梯度非牛顿幂律液径向流的解析压力不稳定模型,导出了描述分形油藏律流的新的偏微分方程。利用拉氏变换和格林函数,得出了分形油藏无限大地层中心一口井在定产量生产时及稳态和不稳态条件下的井底压力解和渐近解。     

各向异性油藏水平井线性井网渗流场分析

为了直观地反映各向异性油藏水平井线性井网地层压力分布及流体运动轨迹的特点,建立了各向异性油藏水平井不稳定渗流的数学模型,利用源汇理论、Newman乘积法及压降叠加原理获得了各向异性油藏水平井井网不稳定渗流地层压力公式,给出了流线生成方法,研究了水平井线性井网渗流场分布规律。结果表明:储层各向异性和生产时间对水平井线性井网渗流场影响较大。在不同的各向异性强度下存在着不同的最佳井排距,使水驱波及效率和水平井的产能达到最大。生产时间越长,则压力传播范围越广,采出程度越高。利用本文方法产生的流场图能够为各向异性油藏水平井开发井网设计、剩余油分析及注入方案的优化提供科学依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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