中华无籽猕猴桃“湘吉红”新品种选育与栽培技术

从野生猕猴桃资源调查发现红心无籽猕猴桃单株(中华猕猴桃),经多代无性繁殖选育成无籽猕猴桃雌株,命名“湘吉红”.具有单性结实特性,果实圆柱形,无籽,果芯淡黄色,横切面内侧果肉鲜红色,呈放射状排列,外侧果肉黄绿色.     

猕猴桃果仁油脂肪酸的测定及其利用

对“米良1号”猕猴桃果仁油中脂肪酸含量进行了测定. 测定结果表明,猕猴桃果仁油主要含不饱和脂肪酸,其中油酸14.4%, 亚油酸13.6%, 亚麻酸53.4%, 花生四烯酸3.8%, 不饱和脂肪酸总含量达85.2%以上,且脂肪酸组成较好.     

贮藏条件和贮前品质对猕猴桃贮藏效果的影响

研究了几种简易贮藏方式对“米良1号”猕猴桃果实贮后性状的影响, 果实硬度和可溶性固形物的变化规律.结果表明:以100~ 125 g的“米良1号”无伤正常果进行常温换气贮藏,贮后90 d 优质果率比较理想; 果实入贮后的前30 d是果实硬度下降最快、可溶性固形物上升最快的时期.     

会计要素的制度经济学意义

通过分析会计要素经济价值的变动状况和价值的决定因素,指出“历史性”在一个价格不断变动的经济体系中,不能带来真正的“真实性”.从制度经济学的角度对会计要素的涵义作了新的阐释,指出其共同的本质在于“未来性”.为兼顾会计要素价值评估的“决策有用性”和便于运用的“成本效益原则”,指出“现实性”是沟通“历史性”与“未来性”的桥梁.     

基于Maxwell电磁论的波动方程与光线轨迹方程

由Maxwell方程组推导光的波动方程及光在变折射率介质中“运动”时振幅矢量满足的微分方程式. 结果表明: 光由波动观的“波”到光线（几何）光学的“线”是有条件的过渡; 用波的概念与简谐振动方法或用光线的概念与几何方法, 二者表象对立实质统一, 统一于对光传播特性较全面的认识上.     

非线性发展方程中“秩”与解的关系

引入“秩”的概念，证明了“秩”同类的非线性发展方程具备Jacobi椭圆函数展开形成的解，而“秩”异类的非线性发展方程不具备此类型的解，但不论“秩”同类还是异类的非线性发展方程都可能具有双曲正切函数及多种形式的双函数展开形式的解，并以“秩”异类的弹性介质中非线性波方程为例对该结论加以证明.     

研究生步入职场前要补的一堂课

 一天中午,校园的商品街上有个店主和一个博士生在吵架。事情的起因是这样的,这个博士生拿着体重秤要换纽扣电池,店主找出合适的电池,博士生拆开包装,把电池装在体重秤上,然后才问：“多少钱？”当得知需要5元时,博士生说：“淘宝网上5个这样的电池也不需要5元!”店主说：“我们这里不是淘宝网,再说你都已经拆封了。”博士生说：“你违反了消费者保护法,我有权不买!”店主说：“你走,我不卖给你了!”他们一直从店门口吵到了马路当中。见有很多人围观,博士生说：“我给你10 元钱好了,但道理我是要说清楚的!”这个例子就是典型的“认死理”。     

博士生的成功之道(33)——当付出了努力也没有收获成功时,该赖谁

 本来想写“ 博士生缺乏创新该赖谁？”,因为觉得有些博士生在担忧自己能否通过答辩时,“杠杆”通常是“创新”,导师总是拿“创新”要求博士生和他的博士论文,博士生总是千方百计给自己的论文穿上“创新”这件外衣,有时候,你会发现这中间有些博士生其实还不明白什么叫“创新”。     

金融服务精准扶贫的“松柏实践”调查

为了更好地了解金融服务精准扶贫的实践情况,对湖南省永顺县松柏镇的“分贷统还”金融扶贫模式进行实地调研,总结出了金融服务精准扶贫的“松柏模式”.该模式不仅让广大贫困农户获得收益,而且让企业组织获得资金,让地方经济获得动力,让金融机构获得信贷,实现了多方利益主体的共同利益,明确了金融服务精准扶贫面临的“谁来扶”“扶什么”“怎么扶”“怎么样”等问题.     

科技外交视角下以色列对华的科技活动

 从“为了外交的科学”“外交中的科学”和“为了科学的外交” 3个方面出发，梳理了1992年中国和以色列正式建立外交关系以来的科技活动。以色列通过“为了外交的科学”，用先进的农业技术帮助中国提高农业生产水平，巩固和提升了双边关系。通过“外交中的科学”，以色列在中国建立了多个具有不同特色的产业园区。当前，以色列加大在华吸引投资力度，进一步助力本国高新技术企业发展，实现了“为了科学的外交”。     

关于无籽果实利用的研究

介绍了在水果蔬菜中 ,传统无粒果实的生产方法 ,探讨了利用转基因技术生产无粒果实的新方法 .     

林院1号无核黄皮无籽结实研究

为了探讨林院1号无核黄皮果实无籽的原因,于1992年－2000年在广西大学林学院观察林院1号无核黄的花器、花粉数量及饱满程度、花粉萌发情况,并和有核黄皮比较;采用随机区组试验设计,对林院1号进行自然授粉,去雄不授粉套袋、去雄后用有核黄皮花粉授粉并套袋的授粉试验,观察林院1号的授粉受精过程。研究结果表明：林院1号无核黄皮的花器无畸形或无异常现象。胚珠和胚囊发育正常,与有核黄皮的花器构造相同,林院1号无核黄皮无籽并非其花器构造和组织畸形或异常、胚珠或胚囊发育不良所致,而是与其花粉和自身的遗传特性有关。林院1号无核黄皮花粉平均萌发率为3．07％,与有核黄皮花粉平均萌发率84．13％比较,有极显著性差异（F＝1544．97＞F0．01＝98．5）;花粉管长0．263mm,比有核黄皮的花粉管（0．387mm）短,两者比较有显著性差异（F＝158．17＞F0．01＝98．5）。林院1号无核黄皮在无花粉刺激下,座果率仍达19．3％,在有核黄皮花粉刺激的情况下,林院1号无核黄皮的平均座果率为77．1％,比自然授粉的平均座果率（29．3％）提高47．8％。具有自然性单性结实和刺激性单性结实现象,在有核黄皮花粉刺激下,林院1号无核黄皮的无核率仍高达76．0T,与自然授粉的无核率（91．2％）,比较,有显著性异差（F＝11．3＞F0．05＝6．94）。     

南岛无核荔枝控梢促花和保花保果技术的研究

采用不同处理组合对比分析法,根据荔枝生长物侯期,对海南省稀优品种——南岛无核荔枝进行控梢促花和保花保果研究.试验表明:A组处理效果最佳,成穗率达到85.6％,比对照增加59.8％;雌雄花比达到0.28,比对照(CK)增加了100％;座果率达到27.2％,比对照增加19.6％;单株平均产量达到20.5 kg,比对照增加150％;单果质量达38.5 g,比对照增加3.9 g.其效果极为显著.     

The banana (Musa acuminata) genome and the evolution of monocotyledonous plants

Bananas (Musa spp.), including dessert and cooking types, are giant perennial monocotyledonous herbs of the order Zingiberales, a sister group to the well-studied Poales, which include cereals. Bananas are vital for food security in many tropical and subtropical countries and the most popular fruit in industrialized countries. The Musa domestication process started some 7,000 years ago in Southeast Asia. It involved hybridizations between diverse species and subspecies, fostered by human migrations, and selection of diploid and triploid seedless, parthenocarpic hybrids thereafter widely dispersed by vegetative propagation. Half of the current production relies on somaclones derived from a single triploid genotype (Cavendish). Pests and diseases have gradually become adapted, representing an imminent danger for global banana production. Here we describe the draft sequence of the 523-megabase genome of a Musa acuminata doubled-haploid genotype, providing a crucial stepping-stone for genetic improvement of banana. We detected three rounds of whole-genome duplications in the Musa lineage, independently of those previously described in the Poales lineage and the one we detected in the Arecales lineage. This first monocotyledon high-continuity whole-genome sequence reported outside Poales represents an essential bridge for comparative genome analysis in plants. As such, it clarifies commelinid-monocotyledon phylogenetic relationships, reveals Poaceae-specific features and has led to the discovery of conserved non-coding sequences predating monocotyledon-eudicotyledon divergence.     

Expression of ipt gene driven by tomato fruit specific promoter and its effects on fruit development of tomato

Fruit specific promoter (2A12) from Lycopersicom esculentum and cDNA of isopentenyl-transferase (ipt) from Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumerfaciens C58 were cloned by PCR procedure respectively. Two plant expression vectors with 2A12/gus or 2A12/ipt were respectively constructed. These two chimeric genes were transferred into tomato by Agrobacterium mediated procedure. The results of Southern hybridization showed that the fusion genes had been integrated into tomatoes. The result of gus histochemical staining showed that 2A12 had high fruit specific expressive capability in transgenic tomato. The ipt expression resulted in accumulation of high level of cytokinins (CTKs) in fruit lead to developmental changes in fruits and seeds. The fruit of ipt transformed tomato had the hyperplastic placenta with very few seeds or even seedless. The shelf life of transgenic fruits elongated for 1–2 weeks. The ratio of fruit set, the dry weight of fruit and the crude protein content in fruit were increased, while the soluble sugar of fruits decreased.     

Expression of ipt gene driven by tomato fruit specific promoter and its effects on fruit development of tomato

Fruit specific promoter (2A12) from Lycopersicom esculentum and cDNA of isopentenyl-transferase (ipt) from Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumerfaciens C58 were cloned by PCR procedure respectively. Two plant expression vectors with 2A12/gus or 2A12/ipt were respectively constructed. These two chimeric genes were transferred into tomato by Agrobacterium mediated procedure. The results of Southern hybridization showed that the fusion genes had been integrated into tomatoes. The result of gus histochemical staining showed that 2A12 had high fruit specific expressive capability in transgenic tomato. The ipt expression resulted in accumulation of high level of cytokinins (CTKs) in fruit lead to developmental changes in fruits and seeds. The fruit of ipt transformed tomato had the hyperplastic placenta with very few seeds or even seedless. The shelf life of transgenic fruits elongated for 1-2 weeks. The ratio of fruit set, the dry weight of fruit and the crude protein content in fruit were increased, while the soluble sugar of fruits decreased.     

伤流期修剪对猕猴桃当年生长与结果影响的探讨

通过对美味猕猴桃金魁不同时期的修剪试验表明：伤流期修剪与冬季常规修剪相比其萌芽率、成枝率、果枝百分率分别低于3．18％、2．86％、13．24％，结果母枝平均着果数低于1．7个，而对座果率、果技与营养枝粗度差异不明显。     

荔枝种质多样性及其保护与发展

中国的荔枝种质形成与表现呈多样性．野生荔枝在中国的广东、广西、海南和云南等地有较广泛分布，其果实性壮与目前栽培荔枝果实性状接近；野生荔枝自然繁殖种质库、栽培荔枝人工实生繁殖种质库和栽培荔枝人工无性繁殖种质库是栽培荔枝品系选育的主要种质来源．荔枝种质还具有适应湿度、温度等生态适应型，其果实发育也呈现单性结实、焦核结实和正常结实等多种发育类型．荔枝种质的可持续发展需从建立不同生态类型的人工荔枝实生保育区、利用生物技术诱变改造以及利用极端环境驯化筛选等方面来促进．     

无子西瓜栽培中存在的问题及对策

针对无子西瓜在栽培中常常出现的发芽率低、出苗率低、坐瓜率低和品质不稳等问题,分析了原因并提出了对策。