大麦黄花叶病毒抗性突破株系的分子变异

通过大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV)抗性突破株系的核酸RNA1全序列分析并与野生株系比较表明.抗性突破株系在病毒复制酶或转运蛋白区域(6K2)和核酸RNA复制酶区域(NIb)存在二个变异位点.在这二个位点上抗性突破株系核酸分子编码的氨基酸分别为脯氨酸(Pro)和苏氨酸(Fhr),而野生株系分别为缬氨酸(Val)和丙氨酸(Ala).对该两种酶蛋白质二级结构分析显示,氨基酸的变异可能导致了蛋白质的结构、功能与性质的改变,并且此种变异与抗BaYMV冬大麦中抗性基因ym4的功能丧失有关,同时也说明了大麦品种田间致病性的差异与病毒核酸分子中的点突变关系密切.     

蛋白质-核酸复合物氢键与范德华力作用位点分析

为了深入了解蛋白质-核酸相互作用模式,对复合物结构中氢键/范德华力作用力位点上的氨基酸和核苷酸的偏好性(即相对使用频率)进行了统计分析.结果表明:氢键/范德华力作用位点上对氨基酸的偏好性差异均极其显著,与蛋白质-核酸特异作用密切相关的残基侧链与核苷酸碱基间相互作用力位点对氨基酸类型的选择特异性更高;单链RNA分子与蛋白...     

Trxs基因对铝胁迫下转基因大麦幼苗叶片抗氧化酶的影响

以过量表达硫氧还蛋白S基因(Trxs)的转基因大麦为材料,采用水培法研究0.05 mmol/L AlCl3胁迫条件下转基因大麦株系(LSY-11-1-1 )幼苗叶片的蛋白质氧化损伤、膜脂氧化损伤以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX),过氧化氢 酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等抗氧化酶活性的变化.结果显示:(1)在0.05 mmol/L AlCl3胁迫处理下大麦叶片蛋白质羰基含量和丙二醛含量显著高于非处理样品,表明铝胁迫 已造成大麦幼苗的氧化损伤;转基因大麦幼苗叶片的蛋白质羰基含量和丙二醛含量显著低于非转基因对照:在胁迫处理6 h、72 h与96 h时其蛋白羰基含量分别为对照的94.4%、87.0% 与71.9%;MDA含量为对照的66.32%、75.74%和74.25%.(2)处理样品叶片中GSH-PX、CAT和A PX等抗氧化酶活性有不同程度的增加;与非转基因对照相比,转基因大麦幼苗叶片的抗氧化酶系活性普遍高于对照:GSH-PX活性在处理12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h与96 h时分别是对照的 1.19倍、1.21倍、1.12倍、1.24倍与1.35倍;APX活性在处理6 h达到高峰时是对照的106.7% .这些结果表明,过量表达Trxs可以有效提高转基因大麦幼苗叶片中上述抗氧化酶类的 活性,缓解铝毒对大麦幼苗叶片蛋白质和膜脂的氧化损伤,从而提高转基因大麦幼苗对铝胁迫的抗性.     

生物信息学及其在病毒研究中的应用

介绍生物信息学的原理与方法及其在病毒研究中的应用。保守序列承担着极其重要的功能，通过多重序列对齐搜寻保守序列，是生物信息学方法的基础；敏感位点是一种反映蛋白质或核酸功能的特定模式，因此，通过数量关系的优化推导敏感位点，可用于分离病毒蛋白质与核酸相互作用位点；核苷酸和氨基酸序列只有形成了三级或四级结构才能表现功能，通过同源建模预测蛋白质的高级结构，有助于疫苗的研制、抗病毒药物的筛选以及药物的分子设计。预测RNA的三级结构大多从RNA折叠入手．病毒蛋白质三级结构预测比较成功的是日本脑炎病毒包膜糖蛋白的三级结构。     

感染番茄抗病品种的番茄黄化曲叶病毒的基因变异分析

近几年来,生产中发现一些番茄抗病品种在不同环境条件下或应用几年后出现感病现象。为了解不同抗病品种中番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leafcurl virus,TYLCV)基因变异的情况,对5个感染TYLCV的番茄抗病品种进行了TYLCV全长基因克隆和序列测定。扩增结果显示,5个样品携带的TYLCV基因组长度均为2 781 bp,且均编码6个功能蛋白。基因组序列比较发现,这5个分离物与TYLCV-Israel株系同源性达到99%以上;通过功能蛋白比对发现,复制增强因子AC3蛋白存在变异,同世界各地报道的TYLCV-Israel株系典型分离物的AC3蛋白存在7处氨基酸差异的位点。分析结果表明,这五个病毒分离物均属于TYLCV-Israel株系,其AC3蛋白的氨基酸序列变异程度均不显著,并没有产生新的病毒株系。     

感染番茄抗病品种的番茄黄化曲叶病毒的基因变异

近几年来,生产中发现一些番茄抗病品种在不同环境条件下或应用几年后出现感病现象。为了解不同抗病品种中番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leafcurl virus,TYLCV)基因变异的情况,对5个感染TYLCV的番茄抗病品种进行了TYLCV全长基因克隆和序列测定。扩增结果显示,5个样品携带的TYLCV基因组长度均为2 781 bp,且均编码6个功能蛋白。基因组序列比较发现,这5个分离物与TYLCV-Israel株系同源性达到99%以上;通过功能蛋白比对发现,复制增强因子AC3蛋白存在变异,同世界各地报道的TYLCV-Israel株系典型分离物的AC3蛋白存在7处氨基酸差异的位点。分析结果表明,这五个病毒分离物均属于TYLCV-Israel株系,其AC3蛋白的氨基酸序列变异程度均不显著,并没有产生新的病毒株系。     

正链RNA病毒基因组的复制

许多正链RNA病毒是严重危害人类健康的病原体,是造成经济植物动物死亡的致病因子.正链RNA病毒的基因组为正链RNA,其复制酶是依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶,非编码区是病毒基因组复制的主要调控位点,3’非编码区是复制酶的第一结合位点,正链RNA病毒基因组大多可能按copy-back模型进行复制.瘟病毒基因组的复制过程出现正链复制本的数量大于负链复制本的数量,这可能是以RF中间体的负链RNA为模板、正链RNA被置换的形式进行复制的结果.本文概述了HCV细胞培养系统的研究进展.     

茶毛虫核型多角体病毒DNA性质的研究

本文报道了对茶毛虫核型多角体病毒蒙山株系(EpNPV-M)核酸性质研究的结果。EpNPV-M含双链DNA分子,含量为6.85μgDNA/mgPIB,提纯的DNA具典型的紫外线吸收特性,琼脂糖凝胶电泳证明DNA分子是大小均一的。DNA的(G+C)％为36.6,限制性片段积加法测得该DNA分子量为75.61×10~6道尔顿,109.57Kb,电镜法测得DNA分子长度为35.8μm,相当于分子量为74.1×10~6道尔顿,107.4Kb.电镜观察证实该病毒含有一些超螺旋环状DNA分子。建立了三种限制性内切酶对该DNA的酶切图谱。三种酶的酶解片断数为:EcoRI,27个;BglⅡ,15个;BamHI,9个。     

茶刺蛾[Darna trima(more)]颗粒体病毒鉴定及核酸与蛋白质特性的初步研究

1985年从四川珙县分离到的茶刺蛾病原物,经感染试验,组织病理研究,包涵体及病毒粒子超微结构研究,核酸类型鉴别等,定名该病原物为茶刺蛾颗粒体病毒.另对该病毒核酸作了限制性内切酶分析和热变性试验,测得该病毒核酸为双链DNA分子,分子量为64.11×10~6d,93.87kb,Tm值为67.3℃,(G+C)含量为32.7％,包涵体蛋白的氨基酸组分中Asp、Glu和Arg含量高,占氨基酸总量的34.12％,His,Cys和Met含量很少。该病毒对茶刺蛾幼虫有很强的感染力,氨基酸在生物防治上有潜在应用前景.     

高温对本氏烟抗病毒机制影响的研究

为探究温度和植物抗性的相互作用,本研究对本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana, Nb)被芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus, TuMV)侵染后在不同温度下的表现进行实验,通过分子研究手段测定了温度对植物抗病毒能力的影响.结果显示,与常温(23°C)处理相比,病毒侵染在高温(30°C)处理下被抑制;且高温处理下水杨酸羟化酶(NahG)转基因烟草更显著.进一步检测表明,高温能够显著提高NahG烟草中抗氧化酶的活性.在侵染后期,高温促使染病植株中茉莉酸(Jasmonic acid, JA)相关基因表达显著上调.同时,RNA沉默相关基因的表达量在高温处理下的NahG烟草中均上调.上述结果表明,高温通过刺激RNA沉默及相关抗逆激素途径提高了植株对病毒的抗性.     

长叶车前花叶病毒上海株(RMVsh)外壳蛋白基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株（RMVsh)是从上海郊区的青菜（Brassica chinensis)上分离鉴定的，以提纯的病毒为材料，SDS－酚法纯化的基因组RNA作为模板，通过RT－PCR方法克服了该病毒的外壳蛋白基因（CP），DNA序列测定结果表明，外壳蛋白基因全长474个碱基，编码157个氨基酸，将CP基因插入原核表达载体pBAD/His-C中，转化E.coli Top10后，诱导表达，经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析呈－特异性的蛋白条带，Western blot检测表明，表达产物与RMVsh抗血清呈阳性反应，RMVsh CP基因的核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列与烟草花叶病毒属中其他能侵染十字花科作物的成员相比，同源率分别为83．5％－98．9％和87．9％－99．4％，并讨论了RMVsh的分类地位为烟草花叶病毒属侵染十字花科植物2个亚组中的第一亚组的代表。     

The pathogenicity on legumes of Cucumber mosaic virus was determined by 243 nucleotides on 2a polymerase gene of viral RNA2

We had isolated and identified two Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates, the CMV red bean (CMV-RB)isolate and the CMV pea (CMV-P1) isolate. CMV-RBinduces necrotic local lesions on inoculated leaves of broad bean, pea, cowpea and bean, and could not infect these hosts systemically. However, CMV-P1 was able to infect these legumes systemically. To study the difference of pathogenicity. on the legumes induced by these two CMV isolates, the full-length infectious cDNA clones of CMV-Fny, which induced similar symptoms as CMV-RB in the four legumes,were used. The 243 nucleotides fragment, which encodes highly conserved GDD amino acid motif on 2a replicase gene of CMV-Fny RNA2, was replaced with that of CMV-P1. The constructed chimeric virus FP could infect these legumes systemically. The exchange of this region changes the virus symptoms on the legumes, indicating that this 243 nucleotides fragment has major effect on pathogenicity of CMV on the legumes.``     

Exact(1 1)-dimensional Similarity Solutions of the Broadwell Model

IntroductionTheBroadwellmodelisthesimplestspatialmodelofthediscreteBoltzmannequation.Itismuchmoredifficulttocopewithbutitisprobablymoreappropriateasaphysicalmodel.ThisisparticularlytrueforthefullBroadwellmodelinthreedimensions[1].Obtainingsomeexactsolutionsofthemodelequationsisimportantbothintheoryandinpractice.ThegeneralBroadwellmodelisadiscrete6-velocitymodeloftheBoltzmannequationinthreespatialdimensions.Ingeneral,asimplifiedone-dimensionalversionisstudied(whichistheoneoriginallyintroduce…     

A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus(Isolate BJ01)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a newly identified infectious disease[1—5]. The global outbreak of SARS has been threatening the health of people worldwide and has killed 353 people and infected more than 5462 in 27 countries, as reported by WHO on April 29, 2003 (http://www.who.int/csr/sarscountry/en). Although it has been recognized that a variant of virus from the family of coronavirus might be the candidate pathogen of SARS[1—5], its identity as the unique pathogen sti…     

A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus （Isolate BJO1）

The genome sequence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-assoclated virus provides essential information for the identification of pathogen(s), exploration of etiology and evolution, interpretation of transmission and pathogenesis, development of diagnostics, prevention by future vaccination, and treatment by developing new drugs.We report the complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of an isolate (B J01) of the coronavirus that has been recognized as a pathogen for SARS. The genome is 29725 nt in size and has 11 ORFs (Open Reading Frames). It is composed of a stable region encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (composed of 20RFs) and a variable region representing 4 CDSs (coding sequences) for viral structural genes (the S, E, M, N proteins) and 5 PUPs (putative uncharacterized proteins). Its gene order is identical to that of other known coronaviruses. The sequence alignment with all known RNA viruses places this virus as a member in the family of Coronaviridae. Thirty putative substitutions have been identified by comparative analysis of the 5 SARS-associated virus genome sequences in GenBank. Fifteen of them lead to possible amino acid changes (non-synonymous mutations) in the proteins. Three amino acid changes, with predicted alteration of physical and chemical features, have been detected in the S protein that is postulated to be involved in the immunoreactions between the virus and its host.Two amino acid changes have been detected in the M protein,which could be related to viral envelope formation. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the possibility of non-human origin of the SARS-associated viruses but provides no evidence that they are man-made. Further efforts should focus on identifying the etiology of the SARS-associated virus and ruling out conclusively the existence of other possible SARS-related pathogen(s).     

The pathogenicity on legumes of Cucumber mosaic virus was determined by 243 nucleotides on 2a polymerase gene of viral RNA2

We had isolated and identified two Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates, the CMV red bean (CMV-RB) isolate and the CMV pea (CMV-P1) isolate. CMV-RB induces necrotic local lesions on inoculated leaves of broad bean, pea, cowpea and bean, and could not infect these hosts systemically. However, CMV-P1 was able to infect these legumes systemically. To study the difference of pathogenicity on the legumes induced by these two CMV isolates, the full-length infectious cDNA clones of CMV-Fny, which induced similar symptoms as CMV-RB in the four legumes, were used. The 243 nucleotides fragment, which encodes highly conserved GDD amino acid motif on 2a replicase gene of CMV-Fny RNA2, was replaced with that of CMV-P1. The constructed chimeric virus FP could infect these legumes systemically. The exchange of this region changes the virus symptoms on the legumes, indicating that this 243 nucleotides fragment has major effect on pathogenicity of CMV on the legumes.     

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the attenuated hog cholera virus Lapinized Chinese strain

The genomic sequence of the attenuated hog cholera virus Lapinized Chinese strain (HCLV) was determined from overlapping cDNA clones. The viral RNA of HCLV stain comprised 12 310 nucleotide (nt) including 374 nt and 239 nt at the 5′ and 3′-noncoding region, respectively. The complete genome sequence contained one large open reading frame which encoded an amino acid sequence of 3 898 residues with a calculated molecular weight of 437×10³. Although there were mostly only small differences between the sequence of the HCLV strain and the published sequences of strains ALD, GPE⁻, Alfort and Brescia, there was one notable insertion of 12 nucleotides, TTTTCTTTTTTC in the 3′ non-coding region of HCLV strain. Supported by the National Pandeng Project, Genbank accession number AF091507 Wang Jiafu: born in 1972, Ph. D.     

山羊INHA和INHBA基因的cDNA克隆、序列分析及组织表达研究

分别提取处于同一发情周期的5只低繁藏山羊和5只高繁金堂黑山羊的卵巢、垂体的总RNA,并通过RT-PCR技术对INHA、INHBA基因cDNA进行克隆、序列分析,以Real-time PCR技术对其进行组织表达研究.结果表明:藏山羊和金堂黑山羊INHA基因编码区均长1083bp,编码360个氨基酸,两品种基因编码区有7处碱基不同,并导致3处氨基酸的差异;INHBA基因编码区均长1278bp,编码425个氨基酸,两品种基因编码区有4处碱基不同,并导致1处氨基酸的差异.藏山羊INHA基因编码区核苷酸序列与金堂黑山羊、绵羊、牛、野猪、小鼠、褐家鼠、人的同源性分别为:99.4%、98.9%、95.8%、88.6%、81.0%、79.5%和84.8%;藏山羊INHBA基因编码区核苷酸序列与金堂黑山羊、绵羊、牛、野猪、小鼠、褐家鼠、人的同源性分别为:99.7%、99.4%、98.1%、91.7%、88.0%、88.5%和91.2%.INHA和INHBA基因mRNA在两个山羊品种的卵巢、垂体中均有表达,但两品种间无显著性差异(P0.05).说明INHA和INHBA基因在动物进化中比较保守,与山羊多羔性状的相关性有待进一步研究.     

Identification of a nanovirus-like DNA molecule associated with Tobacco curly shoot virus isolates containing satellite DNA

A circular single-stranded DNA molecule, designated DNA1, was identified from Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) isolates Y35 and Y115 containing satellite DNAβ using abutting primers based on the two reported DNA1 sequences of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses, while DNA1 molecule was not found in TbCSV isolates Y1 and Y121 without DNAβ. The immunotrapping PCR test showed that DNA1 could be encapsidated in virus particles. Southern blot further confirmed that DNA1 molecules were only associated with TbCSV isolates (Y35 and Y115) containing DNAβ. Sequences of Y35 and Y115 DNA1 comprise 1367 and 1368 nucleotides, respectively, each having a conserved ORF encoding nanovirus-like replication-associated protein (Rep). A low nucleotide sequence identity was found between DNA1 molecules and their cognate DNA-As. Y35 and Y115 DNA1 shared 92% overall nucleotide sequence identity and 96% amino acid sequence identity for Rep, while 69%～79% overall nucleotide sequence identity and 87%～90% amino acid sequence identity were found when compared with two reported DNA1 molecules associated with Ageratum yellow vein virus and Cotton leaf curl Multon virus. Sequence analysis showed that DNA1 was less related to nanovirus DNA.