具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

“质明”正解

"质明"的"质"训为"端始","质明"训为"黎明的开始"的观点不甚允当。"质"应当训为正,"质明"就是天正亮。"质明"不是"黎明的开始",而恰恰是黎明的"结束"。     

词义札记二则

前贤对古文的注释多有商榷之处。本文围绕古文“更取器用”之“更”和“众不见信”之“众”、“见”的训释进行讨论和辨析,提出释“更”为“取”,“众”不作“终”训,“见”当属指代用法．     

腾冲“罗古城”、“罗密城”的历史渊源及其语义考证

腾冲的“罗古城”、“罗密城”是白族的先民在宋“大理国”时期所建。它们以白语命名,“罗古城”是“虎踞的关口之城”,“罗密城”是“老虎的生命之城”。它们不是后人传说的“哥哥”城、“妹妹”城的意思。     

"象"的境界与"数"的真理--作为中西古典美学意义之发端的老子"象论" 与毕达哥拉斯学派的"数论"

老子“象论”与毕达哥拉斯学派“数论”分别构成了中西古典美学的意义之发端。两在思想路向上存在着巨大的差异。老子“象论”及其人生论的思想路向启发了中国古典美学中的“意象”本体论和以“境界”为最高审美理想的思想;毕达哥拉斯学派“数论”及其知识论的思想路向启发了西方古典美学中的“形式”本体论和以“真理”为最高审美理想的思想。     

《论语》"当仁"章释义考辨

考《论语》“当仁,不让于师”一章注释,或以“谦让”释“让”,以“老师”“先生”释“师”,或以“谦让”释“让”,以“众”释“师”。笔者认为二说俱有偏误,从语言文字、孔子思想、社会实情三点辨正。     

<诗经>释义四题

结合语词产生的环境和具体运用情况,对“雨雪”、“窈窕”、“采采”、“愿言”、“薄言”等词语的意义作出较合理的解释。     

清代两位诗话家对诗趣的集中论评与阐说

清代袁枚、朱庭珍对诗趣予以了集中论评与阐说。袁枚评诗推尚偏于由才性而催生出的"趣"的审美形态,他以"趣"为审美标的,以性灵为根本,以天才、真、自然为支点,建构出一个有别于他人的诗趣论系统。朱庭珍评诗反对"恶趣"、"魔趣",推尚意趣充蕴之作;他强调作诗要"培之以理趣之府",提出了"意趣活泼"的审美要求,在诗趣的生成创造上,则论及到由"情"而"趣"、由"思"而"趣",对诗中之趣语的运用也予以了界划。他们为古典诗趣论的最终深化和完善做出了突出的贡献。     

“玉山雅集”与“北郭诗社”的差异性研究

"玉山雅集"与"北郭诗社",以张士诚入吴为标志,先后繁荣于吴中地区。同为吴中文人团体,二者有巨大的差异,表现在三个层面:在雅集方式上,呈现出从"娱乐化"向"文艺化"的转变;在文人心态上,表现为从"纵欲"到"闲适"、从"庆幸"到"无奈"的转变;在诗学思想上,诗人对诗歌功能的理解、诗法与诗体的选择及诗歌的审美风貌都不同。这三个层面相辅相成,既体现了易代之际吴中文人内部的差异性,也反映了吴中文人的整体风貌。     

道德与天地：论新理学“境界”之如何可能-兼答邓联合博士的一个问题

冯友兰新理学的"境界"是以"觉解"为枢纽的.在新理学的境界思想中, "觉解"有"形上"和"形下"的两个向度.<新理学>严格区分了"形上"与"形下";而在<新原人>的道德境界与天地境界里,本来所严格区分的"形上"与"形下"又得到了有机的结合;从而使新理学之道德境界与天地境界的实现成为可能.     

"偏偏+VP"格式及相关问题

文章论述了现代汉语中的“偏偏＋VP”格式在语义方面所表达两种语义：一是表背离性的“结果义”；二是表一致性的“行为义”。该格式在语用功能方面有两种：一是“凸显”的功能；二是“反驳”的功能，同时反驳具有程度差异。另外，表行为义的“偏偏＋VP”格式能形成取舍句，而表结果义的“偏偏＋VP”格式不都形成取舍句。