平板滞止区内水-氧化铜纳米流体的喷流沸腾传热特性

对高温平板滞止区内水-氧化铜纳米流体圆形喷流冲击沸腾的核态沸腾特性和临界热流密度(CHF)进行了系统的稳态实验研究,考察了纳米颗粒质量分数、流速、过冷度等系统条件对喷流沸腾和CHF的影响,建立了预示核态沸腾的经验型方程.研究结果表明:水基纳米悬浮液的喷流沸腾换热特性与水相比大幅度降低,但CHF有较大增加;沸腾特性的变化主要来源于传热面表面特性的变化.     

含油金刚石纳米制冷剂的核态池沸腾换热特性

研究了含油金刚石纳米制冷剂（即由制冷剂R113、润滑油VG68和金刚石纳米颗粒组成的纳米流体）的核态池沸腾换热特性,分析了金刚石纳米颗粒对含油制冷剂核态池沸腾换热的影响.实验中饱和压力为101.3 kPa;热流密度为10~80 kW/m2;纳米油(纳米颗粒和润滑油的混合物)的质量分数为0~5%;在纳米油中金刚石纳米颗粒的质量分数为0~15%.实验结果表明：金刚石纳米颗粒增强了含油制冷剂的池沸腾换热,在测试工况下换热系数最大可增加63.4%,并且增加幅度随纳米油中纳米颗粒质量分数的增加而增加,随纳米油质量分数的降低而增加.开发了含油纳米制冷剂池沸腾换热关联式,关联式预测值与94%的实验数据偏差在±20%以内.     

低温流体大空间膜态沸腾换热预测

为了预测低温流体膜态池沸腾换热特性,研究了文献中涉及低温流体膜态池沸腾换热的实验数据,并根据加热面结构对数据进行了分类整理。以此为基础,与3种典型膜态沸腾换热模型(Bormley模型、Frederking模型和BreenWestwater模型)的预测结果进行了对比分析,探讨了现有模型在预测不同结构加热面低温流体沸腾换热时的适用性与精度,实现了低温流体膜态沸腾换热的准确预测。研究发现,对于低温系统预冷过程,在分析膜态沸腾传热时可不考虑辐射热的影响,但必须考虑加热面结构的影响。对于水平管与球形加热面,可分别选用Bromley公式与Frederking公式预测沸腾传热系数;对于平板与丝状结构表面,分别修正了Frederking公式与BreenWestwater公式,修正后两模型预测误差均小于15%。研究内容为低温换热系统的设计及运行提供了可靠的理论支持。     

缸盖鼻梁区氧化铝纳米流体沸腾换热数值模拟

利用数值模拟软件CFX建立氧化铝纳米流体沸腾换热模拟简化模型,研究氧化铝纳米流体作为冷却液以改善缸盖鼻梁区换热效果问题;选取粒径为20、40、60 nm流体,每种流体设置质量分数为3%、5%、10%和20%等4组实验,外加纯基液进行对比,共13种纳米流体,研究其在简化模型中的冷却效果,分析火力面侧的气泡分布和热流密度,同时探讨传热强化的原因以及粒径和质量分数对传热的影响。模拟结果表明,氧化铝纳米流体均能够强化该区域的沸腾换热,纳米颗粒与基液的对流换热以及纳米颗粒与壁面的接触换热均使传热得到强化,且粒径和质量分数越大,强化传热效果越好。     

纳米颗粒悬浮液池内泡状沸腾机理

研究了添加不同性质、不同体积浓度的纳米颗粒后对液体池内泡状沸腾换热的影响和相应的物理机制,并对3种不同体积浓度的Fe及A l2O3纳米流体进行了池内沸腾的实验研究.分析表明:纳米颗粒的加入,将增加液体的有效导热系数和粘度,降低基液的表面张力;另一方面,由于部分纳米颗粒会在加热表面形成沉积,改变了加热表面活化凹坑的尺度及分布,从而对成核和气泡成长过程产生影响.因此,纳米流体池内泡状沸腾传热强化与否,是多种因素综合作用的结果.实验结果证实了上述分析.根据“对流汽化”模型给出了去离子水与体积分数为2?纳米流体沸腾换热关系式,与实验值符合较好.     

纳米流体在回路型重力热管中的沸腾传热特性

对回路型重力热管蒸发段中氧化铜-水纳米流体的沸腾传热特性进行了试验,分别讨论了纳米颗粒的质量分数wCuO,工作压力p等参数对沸腾换热系数和临界热流密度的影响.结果表明：母液中添加适当浓度的纳米颗粒可以同时强化沸腾换热系数和临界热流密度;工作压力对沸腾换热系数有显著影响,而对临界热流密度的影响十分微弱;热管蒸发段的临界热流密度随wCuO的增加而增加,在wCuO>1.0%后保持稳定;而沸腾换热系数也随wCuO的增加而增加,在wCuO>1.0%后反而逐渐降低.临界热流密度强化机理主要来自于纳米颗粒在加热表面形成的吸附层;而沸腾换热系数强化与吸附层和纳米流体自身物性变化均有关系.     

固体颗粒强化液体沸腾换热和抗垢特性的研究

在加热面上添加一定量的固体颗粒，可以使沸滕换热强化，本文在毫米级和纳米级颗粒直径范围内，对添加固体颗粒后的 体泡状沸腾换热和抗垢特性进行了系统的实验研究，对其强化换热机理进行了理论分析，实验结果表明，沸腾换热强化效果与固体颗粒直径，初始颗粒层高度以及沸腾热流密度有关，流化颗粒具有较好的抗垢作用，根据“类汽泡运动”所建立的流化颗粒强化沸腾换热的容积对流模型，可以较好地反映流化颗粒强化沸腾换热的物理机制，模型的计算结果与实验值吻合较好。     

减阻流体添加碳纳米管后的流动换热特性

提出了一种新型纳米流体的的概念,该纳米流体既有减阻流体的减阻特性,又因为添加了碳纳米管(CNT)而具有很好的的强化换热特性.探索合适的配比组分和配制工艺,试制了带有减阻特性的水基碳纳米管纳米流体(悬浮液),测定了其热物理和流变特性.试验表明,液温对减阻特性和换热特性都有强烈影响;添加CNT前后的减阻流体的减阻性能基本不变,但传热性能明显提高;使用带有减阻特性的纳米流体能够提高强制对流的综合换热特性或进一步提高纳米流体的强化传热特性.     

波壁管内Cu-醇基纳米流体的强化换热研究

随着科技的进步,热交换设备的热负荷与传热强度不断增大,传统的醇类冷却剂不足以满足换热设备的冷却要求,通过向传统醇类冷却剂中加入Cu纳米粒子从而形成Cu-醇基纳米流体。对Cu-乙醇、Cu-乙二醇、Cu-丙二醇三种Cu-醇基纳米流体在波壁管中的换热特性进行数值模拟研究,同时采用分子动力学计算了Cu-醇基纳米流体的导热系数,分析了雷诺数Re与纳米颗粒体积分数φ对纳米流体的换热特性的影响。结果表明,在相同条件下,纳米流体的导热系数比基液大,且随着φ的增加而增大,通过比较这三种Cu-醇基纳米流体的导热系数,发现Cu-丙二醇纳米流体的导热系数的增幅最大;同时发现纳米流体的对流换热系数与基液相比有所提高,且随着φ的增加而增大;Cu-醇基纳米流体在强化传热的同时也会产生更大的阻力损失,且该损失随着φ的增大而增大;用性能评价因子PEC对波壁管内流体的对流换热系数与摩擦阻力系数进行综合分析。发现在三种Cu-醇基纳米流体中,Cu-丙二醇纳米流体具有最好的综合换热性能。     

CuO纳米颗粒悬浮液在小管内的流动和强制对流换热特性

采用去离子水和平均粒径50 nm的CuO纳米粒子经超声波振荡配制H2O-CuO纳米悬浮液,对其在内径1.02 mm不锈钢管内的流动和强制对流换热特性进行研究,并与添加表面扩散剂后的管内强制对流换热和流动特性进行比较.结果表明:与H2O相比,CuO纳米颗粒悬浮液的对流换热特性较强,而流动阻力明显下降;添加表面扩散剂将增大流动阻力,但对换热特性没有影响.纳米粒子在管壁上的沉降是湍流区阻力下降的主要因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with