Sodium pumps and galactose transfer in the short-circuited small intestine.

In a short-circuited preparation of rat jejunum, there are two sodium pumps, one electrogenic and the other neutral. When energy sources are limited, the total sodium transfer is limited. In the presence of a non-metabolized actively transferred hexose, the electrogenic pump is preferentially used. The neutral sodium pump is only able to function when additional energy is available.     

Synapses in the rat stomach and small intestine

Riassunto Nel plesso mienterico dello stomaco e dell'intestino tenue di ratto si osservano tipiche giunzioni sinaptiche sia axo-somatiche sia axo-dendritiche. Il numero di contatti sinaptici per unità di superficie di sezione o per cellula nervosa è piÚ di sei volte maggiore nello stomaco che nell'intestino tenue.     

Electrical properties and glucose transfer in the goldfish intestine

Zusammenfassung Mitin vitro Dünndarmpräparat vom Goldfisch wird Glukose gegen ein Konzentrationsgefälle bei Temperaturen über 25°C transportiert. Es tritt eine temperaturabhängige elektrische Potentialdifferenz auf der Serosaseite positiv in Erscheinung. Bei Entfernung der Glukose verkleinerte sich die Potentialdifferenz um die Hälfte und verschwand völlig, wenn Ouabain der Serosaseite zugesetzt wurde. Die Befunde werden mit Experimenten an marinen Teleostiern verglichen.     

Absorption ofL-lysine in the small intestine of rats

Zusammenfassung l-Lysin wird durch die Rattendarmschleimhaut mit einer je nach den Anfangskonzentrationen verschiedenen Geschwindigkeit absorbiert. Die anfänglichen Lysin-konzentrationen stellen beim Transport der Diaminosäure durch die Darmvilli ein die Reaktionen abschwächendes Moment dar.     

Inhibitory effect of galactose on hydrogen transfer in the hemolymph ofVespa orientalis

Summary The generation of pyruvate and lactate inVespa orientalis hemolymph is prevented by the presence of galactose. The inhibitory effect is possibly produced by a competition for NAD and occurs in concentrations of 0.05 M.     

Thiamine diphosphatase in rat small intestine

Summary TDPase is located mostly in the proximal portion of the small intestine and its activity, like that of ALPase, decreased markedly in thiamine deficiency. The decreased enzyme activities were restored after thiamine or vitamin D₃. Kinetic and other studies of the purified enzyme indicated the identity of the two enzymes.Acknowledgment. We thank Miss.T. Yagura and Miss.H. Kuroda for technical assistance.     

Galactose and leucine transport in the developing rat small intestine

Summary Jejunal transport of galactose and leucine was studied in 9-45-day-old rats by means of the everted sac technique. Maximum transport was observed in 9-10-day-old rats, but then decreased until the 22nd day, and remained unchanged from then on. There were no remarkable differences in the pattern of galactose and leucine transport over this period.     

A new biopsy-tube for the small intestine

Zusammenfassung Beschreibung einer neuen Sonde, die sich für Dünndarmbiopsie eignet und bei der die verschiedenen Vorgänge bei der Biopsie einzeln reguliert werden können. Es wird über Ergebnisse bei 28 Patienten berichtet, wobei keinerlei Komplikationen auftraten. In jedem dieser Fälle konnte eine histologische Wertung durchgeführt werden.

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Supported by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma.     

Transport of thiamine by the small intestine in vitro

Riassunto È stato studiato il trasporto in vitro della tiamina con la tecnica dei sacchetti intestinali rovesciati di ratto. Usando una concentrazione di tiamina molto bassa (0.21 µM/l) si dimostra il passaggio della vitamina contro gradiente di concentrazione. L'impiego di inibitori metabolici e di analoghi strutturali della tiamina conferma l'esistenza di un trasporto attivo. In particolare l'inibizione del trasporto da parte della sola piritiamina, noto inibitore della tiaminochinasi intestinale, suggerisce la possibilità che alla base del meccanismo di trasporto della tiamina vi sia la sua fosforilazione.     

Multiple neutral amino acid transport systems in chicken small intestine: Evidence for a separate proline transfer agency

Zusammenfassung Die Darmresorption von Prolin, Alanin,-Alanin, Sarkosin und Taurin bei Hühnern wurde in vitro untersucht und ein spezielles Resorptions-system für Prolin beschrieben.

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This investigation was supported by a grant fromthe Maine Agricultural Experiment Station (Hatch Project No. 880-H241). Part of this work was taken from the Ph. D. thesis of P.B.     

Insulin resistance and related electrical activity of the small intestine

Summary Postprandial disruption of the migrating myoelectric complex is of longer duration in obese hyperinsulemic Zucker rats than in control rats. No postprandial disruption was seen in an insulin resistant dog. This gives further support to a major role for insulin in control of gut activity.     

Cell population kinetics in the small intestine of the Mongolian gerbil

Summary The cell population kinetics studies reveal differences when compared to other rodents. Proliferative activity is slower in the gerbil than the mouse and the rat. Further study is indicated since the use of the gerbil for research is expanding.This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. 6B35522.The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of Dr W. E. Strawderman, Associate Professor of Statistics, Rutgers University.     

Villus growth and cell replacement in the small intestine of the neonatal pig

Summary Cells produced in the crypts of newborn pig ileum migrate onto villi during development. There is little or no corresponding loss of cells from villus tips during the first week of postnatal life. Villus growth during this period is largely responsible for the slow rate of cellular renewal seen to take place.     

Villus growth and cell replacement in the small intestine of the neonatal pig

Cells produced in the crypts of newborn pig ileum migrate onto villi during development. There is little or no corresponding loss of cells from villus tips during the first week of postnatal life. Villus growth during this period is largely responsible for the slow rate of cellular renewal seen to take place.     

A prostaglandin-like activity in small intestine and postirradiation gastrointestinal syndrome

Summary A correlation between the postirradiation increase of the small intestine motility and the prostaglandin-like activity in this organ during gastrointestinal syndrome was observed. Indomethacin decreased the elevated motility of intestine and reduced the prostaglandin-like activity in this syndrome.Acknowledgments. The work was supported by the Polish Academy of Sciences.