回火温度对30CrMnSiA复相钢冲击性能的影响

研究了回火温度对多相复合钢、马氏体（Ｍ）＋铁素体（Ｆ）双相钢及马氏体钢的冲击韧性的影响，结果表明，在强度相当的条件下，经预淬火的复相钢较其它组织具有更高的冲击韧性，具有最佳的强韧性、强塑性配合。随回火温度的提高，复相钢的冲击韧性（ＡＫ）值在３００℃达到峰值，４００℃时为低谷，这与该组织的残余奥氏体（ＡＲ）的大量分解的温度被推向高温，以及复相钢断裂时的解理面的尺寸和应力集中程序均较小有关。     

低碳复相组织钢的强韧性研究

利用光学显微镜、SEM、TEM、X衍射仪、拉伸试验机等对20和15Mn3SiMo两种低碳钢的强韧性、显微组织及断口形貌进行测试与分析．实验结果表明：15Mn3SiMo钢正火态与正火＋250℃回火态，均具有M／A＋AR复相组织，但其强韧性差别较大；20钢经双相区亚温淬,X（750—810℃），也获得F＋M＋AR复相组织，但因加热温度不同，强度出现先升后降，塑性则呈与此相反的变化规律．通过研究AR的数量、分布及机械稳定性，探讨了低碳复相组织钢的强韧化机理．     

铁镍代钴新型硬质合金的组织和性能

研究了热处理对粘结剂质量分数为１０％的ＷＣ－（Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ）合金组织和性能的影响，结果表明：淬火－回火过程中，硬质相ＷＣ的形态、大小和分布基本上没有变化，但粘结相的结构有变化；烧结态粘结相为马氏体和少量残留奥氏体组成；淬火处理使烧结态合金中的残留奥氏体量减小；淬火后回火，粘结相中出现逆转变回火奥氏体；随回火温度升高，逆转变回火奥氏体增加。文中还讨论了烧结态粘结相中马氏体的形成和逆转变回火奥氏体产生的原因，以及不同回火处理态合金中逆转变回火奥氏体与合金性能的关系。     

35SiMnMoV钢多相复合组织形态对常温冲击性能的影响

作者采用热处理方法,获得了马氏体+贝氏体+铁素体+奥氏体的多相纤维状复合组织。并与马氏体+铁素体纤维状双相组织和粒状贝氏体为主的复合组织进行了冲击性能、硬度、强度的对比。应用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜,对冲击断口形貌、复合组织形态进行了观察。用X射线衍射仪测定了奥氏体体积分数。结果表明:前者在低温回火或未回火状态下,与调质态的纤维状双相组织和回火态的粒状贝氏体组织相比,在等硬度、等强度下,具有更高的冲击韧性和更优异的强韧性配合。本文还探讨了冲击性能变化的机理。     

预处理组织对低碳钢IQ&P工艺下组织及性能影响

采用γ单相区和γ+α双相区轧制并淬火工艺以及双相区再加热-淬火-碳配分( IQ&P)工艺,研究预处理组织对低碳钢室温状态多相组织特征及力学性能的影响规律. 实验用低碳钢经两种工艺轧制并淬火处理,获得马氏体和马氏体+铁素体的预处理组织,再经双相区IQ&P工艺处理后均获得多相组织. 马氏体预处理钢的室温组织由板条状亚温铁素体、块状回火马氏体以及一定比例的针状未回火马氏体和8. 2%的针状残余奥氏体组成;马氏体+铁素体预处理钢由板条状亚温铁素体、块状和针状未回火马氏体以及14. 3%的短针状或块状残余奥氏体组成. 在相同的双相区IQ&P工艺参数下,预处理组织为马氏体的钢抗拉强度为770 MPa,伸长率为28%,其强塑积为21560 MPa·%;而预处理组织为马氏体+铁素体的钢抗拉强度为834 MPa,伸长率增大到36. 2%,强塑积达到30190 MPa·%,获得强度与塑性的优良结合.     

55SiMnVB钢复相热处理的组织与性能的研究

本研究选用国产新材料55SiMnVB 钢,采用直接高温淬火复相热处理和控制冷却复相热处理两种工艺,获得不同比例的马氏体和下贝氏体复合组织。分析了随下贝氏体量的变化、材料的静拉伸性能、冲击韧性的变化规律,并探讨了性能变化的微观机理。其结果表明,复合组织比单相回火马氏体组织或下贝氏体具有较佳的强度、塑性和韧性配合,因而可根据材料在实际服役条件下对强韧性的不同要求,确定获得最佳下贝氏体含量的复相热处理工艺。     

奥氏体化工艺对V150油套管强韧性的影响

采用力学性能测试、金相组织观察、透射电镜以及扫描电镜观察,研究奥氏体化工艺对超深井用V150油套管强韧性的影响。研究结果表明:较高的奥氏体化温度可提高合金元素在奥氏体中的溶解度,但过高的奥氏体化温度会使奥氏体晶粒粗大,导致塑性、韧性下降,890℃为实验钢较优的常规奥氏体化温度;奥氏体化30 min后,实验钢成分和组织分布趋于均匀,油套管的强韧性指标匹配达到最好,保温时间超过45 min后,晶粒开始长大,导致冲击性能有所下降;亚温淬火形成铁素体和贝氏体、马氏体、残余奥氏体的混合组织,可得到超高强度钢希望获得的B/M复相组织,B/M组织中贝氏体能够分割马氏体基体,阻止裂纹扩展,残余奥氏体膜分割马氏体板条,使实验钢在保持足够强度的同时得到很高的韧性;实验钢在800℃亚温淬火后于640℃回火,强度和韧度均到达了V150油套管的目标要求,能够满足条件苛刻的超深井作业需求。     

高碳钢与球墨铸铁的两体磨粒磨损和基体显微组织的特性关系

基体组织对材料的性能有重要影响．本文以高锰钢、高碳低铬钢（ＧＣｒ１５）、球墨铸铁为试验材料，研究了不同热处理条件下获得的非平衡基体组织试样的碳化硅两体磨损特性．结果表明，在所试验的马氏体、马氏体十残余奥氏体、单相奥氏体以及贝氏体＋马氏体＋奥氏体复合基体中，以淬火马氏体最耐磨，贝氏体复合组织的耐磨性仅与高锰钢单相奥氏体相当．适当地增加残余奥氏体含量．即提高淬火温度可提高马氏体基体组织的耐磨性．     

马氏体时效不锈钢的相变与力学性能

本文分析了两种马氏体时效不锈钢中奥氏体含量与回火温度、回火时间及淬火温度的关系。实验证明相组织明显地与淬火温度有关。用X光衍射研究了淬火温度、时效温度及时间对微观应变△a/a的影响,透射电镜照片表明回火奥氏体沿马氏体边界析出,提高了冲击韧性ak值。     

12%Cr马氏体不锈钢中温转变产物的组织与性能的研究

本文用金相硬度法测定了2Cr13钢中温转变动力学曲线,用金相显微镜及透射电镜观察了在不同温度回火后的 M/B 组织形态及其精细结构,并用碳化物萃取复型观察了碳化物析出与分布的特点,对等温组织与普通调质组织在硬度、强度、塑性、韧性、大气与腐蚀疲劳、腐蚀抗力、断裂韧度、疲劳门槛值与裂纹扩展速率诸方面的性能进行了对比和分析。在扫描电镜下分析了疲劳断口形貌。研究表明,等温组织(M/B)在常规力学性能方面均显著优于淬火回火组织,均匀腐蚀抗力较好,大气疲劳强度较高。但在600℃～650℃回火后与调质比较,其断裂韧性较差,腐蚀疲劳强度下降,点蚀电位较低。这与等温组织在热处理过程中沿原奥氏体晶界偏聚析出较多碳化物有关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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