混合法炮集三维叠前深度偏移

混合法深度偏移是一种精度较高的偏移方法,它在频率空间域和频率波数域交替实现波场外推,具有适应横向变速和陡倾角的优点.Fourier有限差分法(FFD)是一种典型的混合法,但计算表明,该方法用于三维SEG/EAEG模型的叠前深度偏移时,由于速度的剧变,波场外推会产生不稳定现象,文中提出了一种新的三维混合法偏移,计算表明,该方法比Fourier有限差分法更加适应横向剧烈变速情况,没有不稳定现象.用该方法对SEG/EAEG模型的炮集数据进行了三维叠前深度偏移,取得了较精确的成像效果,该方法具有较大的实用价值.     

变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法

针对常规Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法对于剧烈横向变速介质不能精确成像的状况,提出了变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法,从理论上解决了任意速度变化地质模型的偏移成像问题。为了进一步提高复杂地层的成像精度和波场延拓算子的稳定性,对散射波场的计算公式作了改进。将该方法运用于盐丘模型的正演和偏移试验,与常规Rytov近似偏移方法相比较可明显看出,变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法的处理效果得到了改善,其处理横向速度变化的能力大大增强。     

变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法

针对常规Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法对于剧烈横向变速介质不能精确成像的状况,提出了变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法,从理论上解决了任意速度变化地质模型的偏移成像问题。为了进一步提高复杂地层的成像精度和波场延拓算子的稳定性,对散射波场的计算公式作了改进。将该方法运用于盐丘模型的正演和偏移试验,与常规Rytov近似偏移方法相比较可明显看出,变参考慢度Rytov近似傅氏偏移方法的处理效果得到了改善,其处理横向速度变化的能力大大增强。     

基于小波多分辨探地雷达三维正演模拟及偏移处理

通过对Maxwell方程进行离散化,导出DB2-MRTD算法的探地雷达3D差分公式,并开发探地雷达MRTD法正演程序,利用该程序对三维雷达模型进行正演模拟,得到其相应的正演合成三维剖视图及切片图;通过对这些模拟结果进行分析,验证MRTD法在探地雷达三维正演中的有效性;利用爆炸反射原理和浮动坐标变换,推导出三维探地雷达波动方程差分格式,并把波场外推矩阵在小波域进行求解,进而得到探地雷达小波域三维偏移算法及偏移处理程序,把该程序应用于正演结果中。对比偏移处理前、后的雷达资料发现,该三维偏移算法能使3D正演剖面中的反射波归位、绕射波收敛,极大地提高了雷达剖面的分辨率。     

三维各向异性介质中弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法数值模拟

三维数值模拟是研究各向异性介质中复杂弹性波波场特征和传播规律的重要手段。根据Taylor展开式,推导出了交错网格一阶空间导数的任意偶数阶精度有限差分近似式和相应的差分系数计算式,给出了三维各向异性介质中弹性波一阶双曲型应力速度方程交错网格任意偶数阶精度差分格式和稳定性条件,并推导出了三维各向异性介质PML法吸收层边界条件公式和相应的交错网格差分格式。对方位各向异性介质模型和正交各向异性介质模型中弹性波的传播进行的三维数值模拟结果表明,弹性波在三维各向异性介质中传播时存在拟P波、拟SV波和拟SH波,并出现横波分裂、横波分裂盲区、波面三分叉等特殊现象,另外,弹性波场在空间是变化的,其拟P波、拟SV波和拟SH波的耦合关系比较复杂。     

三维倾斜横向各向同性介质的统一表示和模拟

倾斜横向各向同性介质的对称轴与坐标轴有一定的旋转角度，不同的旋转方向其刚性矩阵有不同的形式．一般研究横向各向同性介质沿三个坐标轴方向旋转得到的倾斜横向各向同性介质，为了方便统一描述这类不同旋转方向的各向异性介质，提出了循环坐标系统的概念．在循环坐标系统下，容易实现各种倾斜横向各向同性介质公式的统一描述，运用到正演模拟中，可以用同一单斜介质系统的波动方程实现不同倾斜横向各向同性介质的模拟程序、最后，用三维交错网格有限差分模拟算法进行了方法的试验，结果成功地实现了三维倾斜横向各向同性介质的正演波动模拟，证实了上述概念的可行性．     

三维各向异性介质中弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法数值模拟

三维数值模拟是研究各向异性介质中复杂弹性波波场特征和传播规律的重要手段。根据Taylor展开式，推导出了交错网格一阶空间导数的任意偶数阶精度有限差分近似式和相应的差分系数计算式，给出了三维各向异性介质中弹性波一阶双曲型应力-速度方程交错网格任意偶数阶精度差分格式和稳定性条件，并推导出了三维各向异性介质PML法吸收层边界条件公式和相应的交错网格差分格式。对方位各向异性介质模型和正交各向异性介质模型中弹性波的传播进行的三维数值模拟结果表明，弹性波在三维各向异性介质中传播时存在拟P波、拟SV波和拟SH波，并出现横波分裂、横波分裂盲区、波面三分叉等特殊现象，另外，弹性波场在空间是变化的，其拟P波、拟SV波和拟SH波的耦合关系比较复杂。     

基于波场分离的双相各向同性介质正演模拟

基于双相各向同性介质一阶速度-应力方程,利用旋度和散度理论的波场分离方法进行纵横波场解耦,借助高阶交错网格有限差分技术,推导出了其任意偶数阶精度交错网格有限差分格式,最后运用空间八阶时间二阶差分精度及PML边界条件,完成了双相各向同性介质中地震波场正演模拟。结果表明,该方法可准确获得双相各向同性介质固、流相中的高精度纯纵波波场和纯横波波场,有效描述双相各向同性介质中的波场传播规律。同时得出:双相各向同性介质中快、慢纵波相互耦合,无法单独分离;也指出了分界面处波的传播和转换关系,是油气勘探的重要理论依据。     

时域多分辨率法在探地雷达三维正演模拟中的应用

应用小波伽略金方法,对Maxwell的2个旋度方程进行离散化,导出DB2-MRTD算法的探地雷达3D差分公式、数值稳定性条件。在此基础上,开发探地雷达MRTD法正演模拟程序。所开发的对三维立方体小空洞体模型进行正演模拟。研究结果表明:采用该程序极大地提高了运算速度,改善了三维探地雷达正演方法;相应的正演合成三维剖视图及切片图指示了立方体小空洞体的雷达波空间的三维响应特征;模拟结果表明,采用时域多分辨率法可提高探地雷达探测的可靠性、准确度。     

任意偶数阶精度交错网格声波方程数值模拟

以波动理论为理论基础,利用泰勒级数展开推导出了一阶应力-速度声波方程组的空间任意偶数阶精度交错网格差分格式。选用衰减边界条件,进行了边界效果对比及差分精度选取测试。结果表明差分精度越高,频散越弱,数值模拟的效果越好。应用空间八阶、时间二阶精度差分格式,实现了各向同性介质模型的声波方程数值模拟。正演模拟结果可以清晰地反映出声波波场中波传播的运动学和动力学特征,可推广应用于三维声波高精度波场正演模拟中。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with