链格孢菌毒素的分离及活性测定

对链格孢菌（Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissler)产生的对紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.)有致病作用的毒素进行了分离纯化,并用生物法测定了该毒素的致病活性。     

滇中地区路旁紫茎泽兰在不同光水平下的分布格局

 在紫茎泽兰的入侵地滇中地区,于4条公路（其中高级公路与低级公路各2条）旁共选择13个不同光水平下的样地,研究了公路旁紫茎泽兰在3种光水平下分布格局的差异.结果表明3种光水平极显著影响路旁紫茎泽兰的分布（p<0.001）;高光水平比中、低光水平更促进路旁紫茎泽兰的入侵与向远距离扩散;同样在低光水平下,高等级公路比低级公路更促进紫茎泽兰的入侵与扩散.     

带电杂质对磁场中3个电子量子点的影响

研究了在磁场B中受杂质影响的二维3个电子量子点基态的特性. 杂质被固定在z轴上且与量子点平面的距离为d. 计算了基态角动量L₀和自旋S₀随B和d的演化, 归纳结果于(L₀, S₀)相图中, 而且探讨了电子的空间分布(量子点的大小、几何结构)和光吸收. (L₀, S₀)图表明: 当d和(或)B变化时, L₀和S₀能够发生跃迁. 我们发现由于对称性限制, 每种对称几何结构只能访问具有特定L₀和S₀的一组态.     

弱相互作用Bose气体在势阱中Bose-Einstein凝聚临界温度

研究了弱相互作用 Bose 气体在指数势场中凝聚在最小动量态上的Bose-Einstein凝聚的临界温度, 以及相对于理想Bose气体临界温度的偏差. 相互作用对临界温度的影响归结为s分波散射长度与临界温度下的De Broglie波长之比α/λ_c. 当α/λ_c<<1/(2p)²时, 相互作用可以忽略. 所给出的三维简谐势场下的临界温度偏差与最近对简谐势阱中⁸⁷Rb Bose气体临界温度测量结果较好符合.     

以紫茎泽兰为模板制备的C/TiO_2复合材料对苯酚吸附性能的研究

选用紫茎泽兰茎和叶为模板制备了C/TiO_2复合材料,采用X线衍射(XRD)、N2等温吸附-脱附、电子扫描电镜(SEM)、电子透射电镜(TEM)和电子能谱等技术,对产物进行表征和分析;并研究了不同煅烧时间、煅烧温度条件下以紫茎泽兰为模板制备的C/TiO_2复合材料对苯酚吸附能力的影响.结果表明,以紫茎泽兰叶和茎为模板的C/TiO_2材料,成功保留了紫茎泽兰叶和茎的气孔,叶脉、茎维管束和孔道结构.煅烧时间为4 h、煅烧温度为1 000℃时,以紫茎泽兰叶为模板制备的C/TiO_2复合材料对质量浓度为50×10-6苯酚吸附效果最佳,吸附率达到97.8%.     

链格孢菌产毒菌株及产毒培养基的筛选

对紫茎泽兰（Eupatoriun adenophorum Spreng.)的自然致病菌－链格孢菌（Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissler)的5个菌株501,402,503,LS,YN,AW的产毒能力进行了比较研究,选出501菌株产毒能力最强,同时对501菌株的产毒培养条件进行了研究。结果表明：小麦培养基（水的质量分数40％）和PSK培养基分别可以作为产毒的固体和液体培养基。     

三量子位Heisenberg XXX链中杂质对

研究了含杂质三量子位Heisenberg XXX链中的纠缠现象, 并给出了纠缠C的解析表达式. 结果发现对杂质格点与正常格点间的纠缠, C只存在于J₁ > J(当J > 0时)和J₁ > 0(当J < 0时)两个区域, 且在这两个区域内纠缠C和纠缠存在的临界温度T_c均随着J₁的增大而增大; 当J₁ >> | J |时, C = 0.5, T_c = 3.41448 J₁. 对正常格点间的纠缠, C只存在于J > 0且-2 J < J₁ < J, 在该区域内随着J₁的增大, 纠缠C和纠缠存在的临界温度T_c均先增大而后逐渐减小为零, 当J₁ = 0时它们分别达到最大值C_max = (e^4J/T - 3)/(e^4J/T + 3)和T_cmax = 4J/ln3.     

电场、应力和环境对PZT-5铁电陶瓷断裂的耦合作用

用单边缺口试样研究了电场、应力和环境对极化PZT-5铁电陶瓷断裂的耦合作用; 即研究了电场对断裂韧性和硅油中应力腐蚀门槛值的影响, 以及应力对恒电场下滞后断裂门槛电场的影响. 结果表明, 在硅油中加正、负电场均能发生滞后断裂, 电致滞后断裂门槛电场E_DF大约是电致瞬时断裂临界电场EF的70％. 正、负电场均使断裂韧性K_IC下降, 归一化表观断裂韧性K_IC(E)/K_IC随归一化电场E/E_F线性下降, 且和电场符号无关, 即K_IC(E)/K_IC=0.965&#8722;0.951E/E_F. 正、负电场均使硅油中应力腐蚀门槛应力强度因子K_ISCC下降, 归一化应力腐蚀表观门槛值K_ISCC(E)/K_ISCC随归一化电场E/E_DF线性下降, 且和电场符号无关, 即K_ISCC(E)/K_ISCC=1.05&#8722;1.01E/E_DF. 外应力能使正、负恒电场引起的电致滞后断裂门槛电场EDF下降, 归一化门槛电场E_DF(K_I)/E_DF随归一化应力强度因子K_I/K_ISCC线性下降, 即E_DF(K_I)/E_DF=0.988&#8722;1.06K_I/K_ISCC.     

滇中地区路旁紫茎泽兰在不同光水平下的分布格局

在紫茎泽兰的人侵地滇中地区,于4条公路(其中高级公路与低级公路各2条)旁共选择13个不同光水平下的样地,研究了公路旁紫茎泽兰在3种光水平下分布格局的差异.结果表明3种光水平极显著影响路旁紫茎泽兰的分布(p＜0.001);高光水平比中、低光水平更促进路旁紫茎泽兰的入侵与向远距离扩散;同样在低光水平下,高等级公路比低级公路更促进紫茎泽兰的入侵与扩散.     

近金属表面的Rydberg氢原子的动力学性质

用相空间分析方法和闭合轨道理论研究了近金属表面氢Rydberg原子的动力学性质. 由氢Rydberg原子与金属表面相互作用的Hamilton量, 通过坐标变换发现, 电子运动的相空间可以分为振动区和转动区, 从Poincaré截面和闭合轨道都能很清楚地说明这一点. 选取主量子数n = 20的氢原子, 其动力学行为敏感地依赖于原子与金属表面间的距离 d: 在d较大时, 原子与金属表面间的相互作用表现为经典的van der Waals力, 系统是可积的; d变小时, 存在一个临界值d_c. 当d>d_c时, 系统是近可积的, 接近于规则运动; d<d_c时, 系统是不可积的, 运动是混沌的, 轨道是不稳定的, 电子有可能被金属表面俘获.     

A new mechanism of invader success： Exotic plant inhibits natural vegetation restoration by changing soil microbe community

Since the 1950s of the last century, the exotic plant, Eupatorium adenophorum, has spread rapidly across southwest China, damaging native ecosystems and causing great economic losses. We examined the pH, N, P, K, and organic matter concentrations, and the bacterial community character (by Biolog EcoPlateTM) in soils from sites heavily and lightly invaded by this exotic species. Also, soil from the lightly invaded site was treated with a water extract of E.adenophorum roots to examine the effect of the plant on soil properties. We grew three plant species, one native and two exotic, in pot experiment using soil from heavily invaded site to examine the effects of the soil on these plants growth. The soil analysis demonstrated that the pH, organic matter, total N, total P and total K in soils from the heavily invaded site were only slightly different from those of the lightly invaded site, but concentrations of NH4^ , NO3^- and available P and K in the heavily invaded site were greater than those in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of soil bacterial community in the heavily invaded site was different from that in the lightly invaded site. The catabolic activity of bacterial community in soils treated by the water extract of E.adenophorum roots changed and became similar to that in soils from the heavily invaded site. The pot experiment showed that the exotic plants growth in heavily invaded soil were not different from in lightly invaded soil; however, the native plant biomass decreased dramatically when grown in soil from the heavily invaded site as compared to soil from the lightly invaded site; and the same phenomenon was found when any potential allelopathic effects by E. adenophorum were eliminated by added activated carbon to those soils. Difference in soil nutrient availability and allelopathy could not explain this phenomenon of the native plant in the soils from the heavily and lightly invaded sites. Changes observed in the soil bacterial community were obviously related to native plant growth in those tow soils. Those results suggest that changing soil microbial community may be an important part of E. adenophorum invasion process. Since the soil microbial community serves as bridge in connection of exotic and natural plants, the exotic plant could inhibit the natural plant growth and reproduction by changing the soil microbial community in invaded site.     

大戟科4种植物内生真菌分离与抑菌研究

对大戟科4种药用植物大戟、泽漆、乌桕、重阳木内生真菌进行分离鉴定,并检测其抑菌活性。结果表明:4种植物均含有内生菌,乌桕中获得13株内生菌,鉴定12株,分别属于丝核菌属、小菌核菌属、拟盘多毛孢属、小单头孢属、毛壳菌属、壳小圆孢属、棒盘孢属、交链孢属;京大戟中获得9株内生菌,鉴定8株,分别属于镰刀菌和交链孢属;泽漆中获得6株内生菌,鉴定4株,属于交链孢属;重阳木中获得15株内生菌,鉴定了4株,分别属于小穴壳属、壳小圆孢属、拟茎点霉属。茎中均有内生菌,种子和重阳木叶中均未分离到。总计43株内生菌中有11株有稳定的抑菌活性,占总菌株的25.58%,有12株有不稳定的抑菌活性,占27.91%。用绿豆发芽试验检验表明,仅有1株菌在绿豆幼苗上形成病斑,其余均生长良好,且21株表现出对绿豆芽的促进作用。     

产脂肪酶酵母的筛选及其18S rDNA序列分析

 从新疆石河子地区10分土样中,利用罗丹明B为指示剂,筛选到了90株有脂肪酶活性的酵母菌.滴定法测量野生菌株酶活,每毫升培养液酶活为1.1～6.6U,其中B9,C1,E7,F12等有成为生物催化剂的潜力.扩增了其中脂肪酶活性较高的9株的18SrDNA,测序后BLAST比对,并进行系统进化树分析,表明所得菌株分别与Candida,Rhodotorula,Trichosporon等属亲缘关系接近.进行部分生理生化试验,除H4,H8外,其它菌株结果与18SrDNA分析结论吻合.     

Inhibitory effect of the adenovirus type 5 E1A protein expressed in the yeast system of the human tumor cell growth

Adenovirus 5 type E1A as a tumor suppressor gene can inhibit tumor growth and enhance the censitivity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.E1A have the ability to integrate into the host genome,resulting in long-time expres-sion that induces Rb gene inactivation and animal cells im-mortalization.This prompted us to select the E1A protein for treatment of cancer in order to overcome the limitations of E1A gene therapy.Thus,we firstly comstructed E1A eu-caryotic expression vector (pPIC9/E1A),transformated the pichia pastoris yeast cells(GS115) and screened the high-expressing recombinant strains.The positive yeast strains were cultured in the shake flask,and induced for 3d.The crude E1A protein was purified using two steps of col-umu chromatography on HiTrap Q and HiTrap SP.The pu-rified E1A protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.E1A protein was mostly located at cellular unclear when Cheriot delivered E1A protein into cells.The analysis in vitro indicated that the E1A protein arrested LN686 cell cycle at G2/M phase,and significantly inhibited the growth of LN686 tumor cells.The current studies firstly provided an experimental basis to further develop E1A protein for tumor treatment.     

果实采后病害拮抗菌的筛选及鉴定

从水果、叶片表面及果园土壤中分离到76株细菌和26株酵母菌，通过平板对峙法和果实接种法筛选到1株细菌2株酵母菌，对梨黑斑病菌（Alternaria kikuchiana）、柑橘青霉病菌（Penicillium italicum）都表现出显著的拮抗效果．根据其形态特征和生理生化特性以及细菌的16SrDNA序列的进化树分析，初步鉴定这3株菌分别为蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus），假丝酵母（Candida sp．）和克勒克酵母（Kloeckea sp．）．     

Changes in soil microbial community and enzyme activity along an exotic plant Eupatorium adenophorum invasion in a Chinese secondary forest

The exotic plant,Eupatorium adenophorum,has invaded rapidly across southwest China,damaging native ecosystems and causing great economic losses.Soil microbes,as an important component of belowground community,can drive nutrient cycling and regulate plant competition in terrestrial ecosystems.Therefore,knowledge of the soil microbial community and function will enhance our understanding of the mechanism of exotic plant invasive process in natural ecosystems.In this study,we examined the soil microbial community,soil enzyme activity,soil property and plant community along an invasive gradient of E.adenophorum in a southwest Chinese secondary forest.The soil analysis demonstrated that heavy invasion significantly increased the total P and NO3–-N contents,whereas it significantly decreased the total N and soil organic matter contents.The available P content was significantly decreased by moderate invasion.The E.adenophorum invasion significantly decreased the biomass of total soil microbes,as well as Gram-negative bacteria,actinomycetes,arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi and non-AM fungi.However,E.adenophorum invasion significantly increased the activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase,polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase.Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that soil microbial composition and soil enzyme composition were significantly different in the three E.adenophorum invaded sites.Partial Mantel tests indicated that plant composition was the most important factor for structuring soil microbial and enzyme compositions.The results suggest that changes in soil microbial community structure and enzyme activity may play an important role in the process of E.adenophorum invasion in a Chinese secondary forest ecosystem.     

紫茎泽兰不同处理方法水提液对蓝桉种子发芽的化感效应

通过完整鲜样、剪碎鲜样和杀酶烘干样3种处理方法得到紫茎泽兰样品水提液,研究不同处理方法水提液对蓝桉种子发芽的化感作用差异.结果表明,上述3种处理方法水提液对蓝桉种子发芽的化感效应趋势基本相同,但多重比较显示3种处理方法中,完整鲜样与杀酶烘干样、完整鲜样与剪碎鲜样之间高浓度水提液处理的各测试项目和低浓度水提液处理的敏感测试项目存在极显著或显著差异,而剪碎鲜样与杀酶烘干样之间则不显著.化感作用的作用形式及作用大小往往与样品处理方式密切相关,建议在植物化感作用研究过程中,尽可能采用接近自然淋溶状态的完整鲜样浸提处理方式.     

Noxious invasive Eupatorium adenophorum may be a moving target: Implications of the finding of a native natural enemy, Dorylus orientalis

Eupatorium adenophorum is a noxious invasive weed that is distributed throughout subtropical areas worldwide. Enemy release may be at least one of the reasons underlying its success as an invader. In this study, we observed damage to the epidermis, cortex, phloem, cambium, and xylem tissues of roots and stems around the root collar of E. adenophorum growing in an experimental field in Yunnan Province, southwest China. The damage was caused by Dorylus orientalis, a polyphagous ant feeding on the weed and resulted in the death of the plants by interrupting nutrient exchange between shoots and roots. This ant showed selectivity for the invader to some extent. The finding of D. orientalis and other native enemies indicate that E. adenophorum may gradually naturalize in introduced landscapes. In addition, this ant may have potential for use as a biocontrol agent against the invader.     

基于16S rDNA序列和RFLP分析的病鳗分离菌株鉴定

结合16S rDNA基因序列和限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)的分析方法,通过与GenBank库中已递交的细菌16S rDNA基因序列进行同源性比较,对分离自发病鳗鲡(欧洲鳗鲡,日本鳗鲡和美洲鳗鲡)的30株细菌进行初步鉴定和分类.结果表明,这些细菌可大致分为气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas sp.)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella sp.)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter sp.)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.)和肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)等7个菌属.分析认为,部分分离菌株可能是引起鳗鲡病害的疑似致病性菌株.