具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

高等数学试题库组卷策略算法设计的优化与实现

在计算机命题系统中，组卷试题质量是命题系统是否科学的关键，因此组卷策略的设计是最重要的环节。从设计组卷策略的角度出发，针对高等数学命题，详细介绍了一种简洁、实用、易于实现的组卷策略的实现过程。介绍的组卷策略算法由3部分组成：试题属性项定义、组卷参数的定义、组卷算法优化与实现。     

地理课程资源： 内涵与特征、 类型与功能

地理课程资源是指有利于实现地理课程目标的所有因素和条件的总和.地理课程资源依据不同的标准,可以划分为不同的类型,主要有素材性和条件性资源,校内和校外资源,自然和社会资源,隐性和显形资源以及原生性、内生性和外生性资源等.地理课程资源的主要特征表现为内容的开放性、形式的多样性、内涵的动态性及价值的社会性.地理课程资源内涵与特征、类型与功能的探讨,对促进地理课程目标的达成、学生的全面发展、地理课程教学方式的转变以及教学质量的提高等具有十分重要的意义.     

史学管理论

史学管理学是把管理学基本原理引入史学管理,着重研究史学管理现象及其规律的一门交叉学科。它包括两部分内容:一是研究历史上的管理现象及其规律,相当于"管理史"之意(有人称其为"历史管理学");二是研究现实中历史学自身的管理现象及其规律,包括史学管理活动、史学管理体制、史学管理机制、史学管理观念四个方面,可具体设定为:史学组织与计划、史学教育与人才培养、史学信息与评论。后一部分应是史学管理学的重心。     

我国著作权法中录音制作者权及其完善研究

录音制作者权是一项重要的邻接权,与公众生活息息相关。基于此,本次《著作权法》中关于录音制作者权的修改引起了各方面的热烈讨论。文章对录音制作者权的产生、发展及现状进行梳理,在此基础上讨论制作录音制品法定许可制度的存与废、录音制作者的二次获酬权以及数字技术背景下录音制作者权的保护等相关问题,并对当前录音制作者权制度的发展提出看法。     

陈白沙与周敦颐“乐学”研究

陈白沙的“自然之乐”深受周敦颐“孔颜乐处”思想的影响,它们都立足于社会人伦关系之中,并包含了与自然为一体的思想,体现了儒家乐文化形而上的心灵境界学说的本质特征。同时,陈白沙的“自然之乐”也深受道家乐文化“天乐”的影响,包含了“物我两忘、死生齐一”的思想。陈白沙的“自然之乐”是儒、道乐文化的融合与创新,其“主静”的修养方法对人们的心灵境界的提升发挥着积极作用。     

能量守恒定律为唯一源定律的新牛顿力学

根据真理只有一个的原则,提出能量守恒定律为唯一源定律的新牛顿力学。文中实例说明其他定律在一定条件下可能与能量守恒定律相矛盾。原有的牛顿三定律和万有引力定律,原则上均可以由能量守恒定律导出。文中通过物体自由下落的实例,应用能量守恒定律导出原有的牛顿第二定律,并且证明原有的万有引力定律与能量守恒定律无矛盾;通过小球沿斜面下落的实例（属于广义相对论无法解决的物体受迫在平直空间运动的情况）,应用能量守恒定律导出改进的万有引力公式和改进的牛顿第二定律。其他守恒定律,如动量守恒定律和动量矩守恒定律,是否可以应用均需经过能量守恒定律的检验。当原有的牛顿第二定律不成立时,动量守恒定律和动量矩守恒定律也不再成立;文中给出改进的动量守恒定律和改进的动量矩守恒定律的一般形式。在能量守恒定律暂时无法有效应用的情况下,新牛顿力学并不排斥根据其他理论或精确试验结果导出针对某些具体问题的定律和公式。例如,借助于广义相对论导出可以处理行星近日点进动问题和光线近日偏折问题的改进的牛顿万有引力公式。再如,根据精确试验结果,得出光线近日偏折问题的综合引力公式（包含其他天体和太阳光压等影响）。与原有牛顿力学不同,在新牛顿力学中,对于不同的问题,可能有不同的运动定律,不同的引力公式,以及不同的能量表达式。例如,对于小球沿斜面下落问题和行星近日点进动问题,两者的引力公式是完全不同的。     

基于物联网技术的图书馆知识服务创新

知识服务是图书馆服务与管理工作的最终目标,也是图书馆研究的核心课题。物联网环境下,图书馆知识服务过程中应用物联网技术进行技术创新、方式创新、管理模式创新以及内容创新,将给图书馆知识服务带来创新性的发展。物联网技术的应用,不仅为图书馆知识服务过程带来变革,而且为读者提供了创新的服务内容,深化了物联网技术时代下图书馆知识服务创新工作的内涵。     

高校在卓越工程师工程实践能力培养中的角色探讨

对卓越工程师的工程实践能力进行分析,提出卓越工程师的工程实践能力由基本能力、特色能力、岗位能力和差异能力四部分构成;对影响高校在卓越工程师工程实践能力培养中的作用的主要因素进行了讨论,对现阶段高校在卓越工程师工程实践能力培养中的作用进行了分析。     

慢增长系数齐次线性微分方程解的性质

研究了慢增长亚纯系数齐次线性微分方程亚纯解的零点收敛指数,得到了这类方程具有零点收敛指数为有穷的线性无关的超越解的最大个数,以及在一组基础解中零点收敛指数为无穷的最少个数     

社会主义初级阶段：从概念提出到理论确立

党的十一届六中全会《历史决议》第一次出现了社会主义初级阶段的提法．为社会主义初级阶段理论的形成与发展奠定了良好的基础。从“社会主义初级阶段”概念提出到“社会主义初级阶段理论”确立和发展的过程中,党的一些高层领导以及党的重要文献起草者,都对此做出了自己的理论贡献。理论界一些学者的探索也对“社会主义初级阶段理论”的形成起到了很大的推动作用。