高炉软熔带对气流分布影响的研究

本文以模型实验为基础,研究了高炉内不同熔软带形状、位置对气流分布和煤气利用的影响。软熔层之间的焦炭夹层透气性良好,气流容易通过,维持适宜的软熔层藉以形成适宜的焦炭夹层分布,会使高炉压差降低,有利于提高强度,强化冶炼过程。倒V型的软熔带结构有利于疏通中心,促进中心气流开放,形成自下而上“树枝状”的流向线分布,使炉缸工作均匀、活跃、稳定。这种结构也有利于提高冶炼强度,改善煤气利用和获得优质生铁,倒V型软熔带的顶层出现位置高时,炉内压差降低,有利于加风强化,但使间接还原区缩小;顶层出现位置低时间接还原区扩大,但可能导致压差升高和边缘过于发展。软熔带的适宜位置应根据综合冶熔条件确定,一般以始于炉身下部为宜。     

用X射线直接观察研究铁矿石的软化熔滴过程

利用X射线透视法观察了铁矿石在高温下的软熔行为,得到直观图象,与解剖高炉观察到的结果完全相同。过程可分为粘结、软熔和熔滴三个阶段。软熔收缩基本上可分为前期孔隙收缩和后期熔滴收缩两部分。收缩率在30～40％至70～80％时,其温度区间是料层透气性最差的区间。软熔试验装置系统的收缩误差大于膨胀误差。酸性脉石比碱性脉石易于熔滴。     

混装矿焦块状带透气性数学模型及应用

通过进行高炉空气动力学模型试验,用二次旋转组合设计的方法建立了描述相对于层装,混装改善块状带透气性的数学模型。讨论了模型的预报及各因素之间的等高线图,为混装工艺的实际应用提供了理论依据。     

矿、焦混装入炉对块状带透气性的影响研究

本文介绍利用实验室的高炉模型,探讨矿、焦均匀混装对炉身块状带透气性的影响。实验结果表明,混装使炉料的堆比重增大;入炉后,随含粉率的不同,对块状带透气性有不同程度的改善。文中对实验结果进行了理论分析,讨论了透气性改善的原因。     

热压铁焦对高炉综合炉料熔滴性能的影响

利用荷重还原软化熔融滴落实验研究了热压铁焦添加量对高炉综合炉料滴落性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着热压铁焦配比的增加,综合炉料软化区间逐渐加宽,从206.3℃增加到218.9℃;熔化区间逐渐收窄,从171.1℃降低到124.8℃,软熔带逐渐变窄且位置下移;综合炉料滴落压差下降,滴落率先升高后降低,在热压铁焦配比为30%时达到较高值40.58%;综合炉料熔滴总特征值逐渐降低,料层透气性改善.一定量的热压铁焦有助于改善综合炉料熔滴性能,其适宜添加量在30%左右.     

高炉软熔带形态变化的热模型实验研究

利用三维动态热模型探讨了高炉内软熔带的形态及形成位置。结果表明，随中心矿焦比降低，能够形成充分发展的倒Ｖ型软熔带。总矿焦比增大时，软熔带顶点位置降低，喷煤比增大则中心软熔层位置逐渐升高，而鼓风富氧率升高时中心软熔层位置逐渐降低。中心加焦法是发展倒Ｖ型软熔带、疏通煤气流和加风强化的有效措施。     

COREX熔化气化炉软熔区域的物理模拟

为了模拟COREX熔化气化炉软熔区域,建立了COREX熔化气化炉热态模型,设有热电偶和观察面板,可获得模型内部信息.在热态物理模拟实验中,考察了排料速度、石蜡与玉米体积比、风温和风量等操作参数对软熔区域的影响.实验结果表明,随着所选实验参数值的增加,风口回旋区发生塌料现象的可能性增加;当排料速度增加时,软熔区域位置降低,厚度减少;当石蜡与玉米体积比增加时,塌料前软熔区域位置升高,厚度增加,塌料后软熔区域位置降低,厚度增加;当风温增加时,塌料前软熔区域位置升高,厚度增加,塌料后软熔区域位置降低,厚度减少;当风量增加时,发生塌料前后软熔区域都位置升高,厚度增加.     

烧结矿中MgO对钒钛矿综合炉料软熔滴落的影响

以钒钛磁铁矿炼铁原料为基础,系统研究了烧结矿中Mg O质量分数对高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿综合炉料软熔滴落性能和V,Cr在渣铁中迁移规律的影响,并进行了理论分析.研究表明,随着烧结矿中Mg O质量分数的提高,综合炉料的软化区间t40-t4变宽;熔化区间tD-tS稍有收窄,软熔带变薄且位置略微下移;熔滴性能总特征值S先减小后增大,综合炉料透气性先变好后恶化,在Mg O质量分数为2.98%~3.40%时透气性最好;滴落率逐渐变小;V,Cr在滴落铁中的收得率略有降低;因此,烧结矿中Mg O质量分数在3.40%左右为宜,此时高炉渣中Mg O质量分数约为12%.     

国外铁矿石熔滴实验研究概况

本文综合介绍了国外的铁矿石熔滴实验装置、实验方法及实验结果;评述了铁矿石软熔性能的各种鉴定指标;建议用软化温度(T_s),熔化温度(T_m),软熔温度区间(△T_(ms))及熔结层厚度[H(△H_m-△H_s)]作为铁矿石软熔性能的鉴定指标。     

高炉钒钛球团矿炉料结构试验

针对水钢现有原料条件,通过对单一矿石冶金性能的测试,研究了水钢烧结矿搭配钒钛球团矿的合理性;在烧结矿配比不变的条件下,用进口块矿对钒钛球团矿配比的加入进行调节,研究了炉料结构的还原性,低温还原粉化性和荷重软化及高温熔滴性能的变化规律。试验结果表明,水钢烧结矿还原度(RI)达到了90.68%,钒钛球团矿的加入有利于综合炉料低温还原粉化性能RDI和软熔性能的改善,其中当钒钛球团配入量为20%时,炉料结构软化开始温度为1147℃,软化区间156℃,滴落温度1349℃,最大压差2223Pa,透气性良好,为最佳炉料组成。     

MgO和矿焦混装对烧结矿熔滴性能的影响

以不同质量分数的MgO烧结矿为原料,考察了MgO质量分数以及矿焦混装对熔化温度、熔化区间以及最大压差的影响,并对熔化温度的变化进行了理论分析.研究表明:当烧结矿中MgO质量分数由1.3%增加至2.0%时,熔化开始温度基本不变,熔化终了温度升高,熔化区间(t_○D-t_○S)由156℃增加到207℃,最大压差Δp_○max由10kPa增加到11kPa;当w(MgO)=2.0%,且烧结矿与矿焦混装时,熔化开始温度由1312℃增加到1324℃,熔化终了温度由1519℃降低到1480℃,熔化区间t_○D-t_○S由207℃降低到156℃,最大压差Δp_○max由11kPa降低到7kPa,故使用矿焦混装可改善高炉熔滴性能.     

烧结矿/兰炭混装还原试验研究

为了降低炼铁生产成本、优化炉料结构以及充分利用低品质冶金焦资源,在实验室条件下进行兰炭用于高炉炼铁的矿焦混装初步试验研究。采用综合热分析仪研究兰炭的基础特性,并模拟高炉条件下的矿焦混装程序还原过程。结果表明,兰炭与CO₂的反应性要好于焦炭,兰炭可明显降低烧结矿直接还原的起始温度并加快还原速率;在高炉还原条件下,兰炭可以降低大块焦的溶损率,提高烧结矿的还原度;增加兰炭加入量,烧结矿的还原度相应提高;在兰炭加入量相同的条件下,兰炭和烧结矿分层混装时烧结矿终点还原度较高;过多增加兰炭加入量和改变矿焦混装方式对抑制大块焦溶损率的作用较小。     

K2CO3 catalysis on the reactivity of top charged coke and stamp charged coke

The catalysis of K₂CO₃ on the reactivity of top charged coke and stamp charged coke from Pansteel in China was studied. The coke reaction index of the stamp charged coke was 1%–2% higher than that of the top charged coke. Under the catalysis of K₂CO₃, the coke reaction index of both cokes approximately increased by 4%, 6%, 10% and 6% at 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200°C, respectively. The reactivity of the K-enriched stamp charged coke was 1%–2% higher than that of the K-enriched top charged coke below 1100°C. However, only negligible differences were found in the temperature zone between 1100 and 1200°C. Scanning electron microscopy images illustrated that pores in the top charged coke were smaller and equally distributed, while relatively more big pores exist non-homogenously in stamp charged coke. Due to the different processes in production, the stamp charged coke was more porous and most of the pores tended to be applanate. Cracks were observed in the microstructure of the stamp charged coke during the carbon solution reaction, implying the inferior quality of the stamp charged coke to the top charged coke at high temperature. Diffusion of K during the carbon solution reaction was studied by the energy dispersive spectrometry. It is found that K gradually spreads into the center of lumpy coke with the rising of temperature and is equally distributed on the edges of pores at 1200°C. Besides, oxidation reactions of functional groups become faster with the catalysis of K.content     

唐钢二炼铁厂使用巴西MBR块矿的生产应用

分析了巴西MBR块矿的矿相结构、矿物组成及冶金性能.MBR块矿的各项冶金性能较好,与烧结矿组成的综合炉料在高炉内的同化过程开始温度和结束温度均较高,但同化速度相对减慢.唐钢二炼铁厂的炼铁生产实践结果表明,适当配用MBR块矿,高炉入炉品位上升,矿耗降低,综合焦比下降,铁成本降低,高炉顺行状态良好.MBR块矿在改善高炉综合技术经济指标的过程中起着重要作用.     

渣-焦反应对滴落带中炉渣静滞留量的影响

研究了渣-焦反应对滴落带中炉渣静滞留量的影响。结果表明,渣-焦界面生成的Ti(CN)使炉渣润湿焦炭。这是炉渣滞留于焦炭床中的关键。为减少炉渣的静滞留量,要严格控制炉温及高温区的范围,采用合理的炉料结构,控制炉渣氧势,改善焦炭质量。     

Direct reduction of iron ore by biomass char

By using thermogravimetric analysis the process and mechanism of iron ore reduced by biomass char were investigated and compared with those reduced by coal and coke. It is found that biomass char has a higher reactivity. The increase of carbon-to-oxygen mole ratio (C/O) can lead to the enhancement of reaction rate and reduction fraction, but cannot change the temperature and trend of each reaction. The reaction temperature of hematite reduced by biomass char is at least 100 K lower than that reduced by coal and coke, the maximum reaction rate is 1.57 times as high as that of coal, and the final reaction fraction is much higher. Model calculation indicates that the use of burden composed of biomass char and iron ore for blast furnaces can probably decrease the temperature of the thermal reserve zone and reduce the CO equilibrium concentration.     

Effect of MgO content in sinter on the softening–melting behavior of mixed burden made from chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite

The effect of sinter with different MgO contents on the softening–melting behavior of mixed burden made from chromium- bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite was investigated. The results show that with increasing MgO content in the sinter, the softening interval and melting interval increased and the location of the cohesive zone shifted downward slightly and became moderately thicker. The softening–melting characteristic value was less pronounced when the MgO content in the sinter was 2.98wt%–3.40wt%. Increasing MgO content in the sinter reduced the content and recovery of V and Cr in the dripped iron. In addition, greater MgO contents in the sinter resulted in the generation of greater amounts of high-melting-point components, which adversely affected the permeability of the mixed burden. When the softening–melting behavior of the mixed burden and the recovery of valuable elements were taken into account, proper MgO contents in the sinter and slag ranged from 2.98wt% to 3.40wt% and from 11.46wt% to 12.72wt%, respectively, for the smelting of burden made from chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite in a blast furnace.     

高炉软熔带形态变化的物理模拟

利用三维动态热模型探讨了高炉内软熔带的形态及形成位置。实验结果表明，随中心矿焦比降低，软熔带形状由Ｗ型向倒Ｖ型转变。当采用中心加焦布料方式时能形成充分发展的倒Ｖ型软熔带。总矿焦比增加时，软熔带顶点降低，根部升高，形状度Ｉ增大，无因次高度ｈ顶减少，料柱阻力增加。     

高炉滴落带初渣流动的实验研究

根据相似原理,对高炉滴落带初渣流动进行了区域模拟的实验研究。结果表明:在现代高炉操作条件下,初渣偏流现象是不可避免的;初渣在滴落带横截面上呈二次项分布。在正常操作条件下,铁液的滴落几乎不受横向气流的作用,因而,生铁一经生成便与初渣分离而垂直下滴,而初渣则主要集中在软熔带内边缘附近区域流动。初渣偏流影响到焦窗的透气性。提高焦炭强度,保证滴落带焦炭柱中大于20mm 的大顺粒组成高于80%,或对小颗粒焦炭进行分级整粒入炉,将减轻滴落带初渣偏流,改善高炉下部的透气性和透液性。