Phytochemistry: structure of the blue cornflower pigment

The same anthocyanin pigment makes roses red but cornflowers blue, a phenomenon that has so far not been entirely explained. Here we describe the X-ray crystal structure of the cornflower pigment, which reveals that its blue colour arises from a complex of six molecules each of anthocyanin and flavone, with one ferric iron, one magnesium and two calcium ions. We believe that this tetrametal complex may represent a previously undiscovered type of supermolecular pigment.     

The pathogenic basis of malaria

Malaria is today a disease of poverty and underdeveloped countries. In Africa, mortality remains high because there is limited access to treatment in the villages. We should follow in Pasteur's footsteps by using basic research to develop better tools for the control and cure of malaria. Insight into the complexity of malaria pathogenesis is vital for understanding the disease and will provide a major step towards controlling it. Those of us who work on pathogenesis must widen our approach and think in terms of new tools such as vaccines to reduce disease. The inability of many countries to fund expensive campaigns and antimalarial treatment requires these tools to be highly effective and affordable.     

黄姜色素的抗氧化活性研究

以黄姜为原料,提取其中色素成分,以2,6-二叔丁基对苯酚(BHT)为对照,考察了黄姜色素成分对超氧物阴离子自由基(O_2·~-)、DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力、抗脂质过氧化能力及还原能力。结果显示,黄姜色素对超氧物阴离子自由基(O_2·~-)的清除活性略低于BHT(IC50值为0.392mg/m L);对DPPH的清除活性(IC50值为0.334mg/m L)和对ABTS的清除活性(IC50值为0.123mg/m L)均高于BHT;在实验浓度内,黄姜色素表现出了较好的抑制脂质过氧化能力(IC50值为0.258mg/m L);此外,通过普鲁士蓝法测得色素的还原能力与BHT相当。由此可知,黄姜色素具有一定的抗氧化活性,是良好的天然抗氧化剂,可望被发展成为一种功能性食品添加剂及生物药品基料。     

The economic and social burden of malaria

Where malaria prospers most, human societies have prospered least. The global distribution of per-capita gross domestic product shows a striking correlation between malaria and poverty, and malaria-endemic countries also have lower rates of economic growth. There are multiple channels by which malaria impedes development, including effects on fertility, population growth, saving and investment, worker productivity, absenteeism, premature mortality and medical costs.     

灵芝色素的提取和应用

以提取灵芝多糖和氨基酸等营养成分后的灵芝残渣为原料，详细探索了灵芝色素的提取工艺，性能、并用所提色素作为饮料，营养型口服液的添加剂，效果良好。     

南瓜黄色素的稳定性研究

对来自榆林南瓜中黄色素进行了乙醇提取和基本性质研究,结果表明:南瓜黄色素在可见光区的最大吸收波长为460 nm,当色素溶液pH＜9时很稳定,耐光、抗氧化(H2O2)性强,当wH2O2≤1.00%,氧化时间t≤2 h,吸光度(A)的变动系数为0.84%(n＝18);还原剂Na2SO3对南瓜黄色素A的影响,满足A=a-bwNa2SO3,其中a＝0.238 5±0.000 5,b＝0.052±0.005,wNa2SO3≤1.00%,还原时间t≤2 h,其线性相关系数为-0.932＜R＜-0.906.常用食品添加剂、蔗糖、柠檬酸、香精、防腐剂、VC以及浓度小于0.1 mg/mL的Mg2 、Al3 、Ca2 、Cu2 、Fe3 等对色素几乎无影响,因为在浓度小于10 mg/mL时,A随浓度的变化系数小于0.98%;香精浓度的变化对南瓜黄色素A的影响满足A＝0.363-0.2C,其中0.05 mg/mL≤C≤0.20 mg/mL,线性相关系数R=-0.909 1.金属离子会使A值增大,但影响不大;当离子浓度大于0.2 mg/mL时,Ca2 、Fe3 会使色素溶液产生沉淀.光照会使A增大,7日内增加18.85%,但15日内仅仅增加19.06%;升高温度,会使A值减小,当T≥97 ℃时,出现混浊现象;在T=25～80 ℃之间,A与T的关系可表示为:A＝0.368-5.77×10-4T,其R=-0.988 1.上述结果表明,南瓜黄色素是一种性质稳定、使用方便的天然植物色素,但不宜在高温下长时加热.     

玉米黄色素的提取和分析

使用超临界CO2法从水解玉米蛋白粉中提取玉米黄色素.通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了超临界CO2萃取玉米黄色素的工艺条件,并通过HPLC检测提取物中玉米黄素和叶黄素的含量.结果表明:超临界CO2提取玉米黄色素的最佳条件为:萃取时间2 h,CO2流速35 kg/h,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度45℃,夹带剂15%无水乙醇,此时玉米黄色素产量为210.97 μg/g.     

枸杞黄色素性能的研究

对枸杞黄色素制取的理论依据及性质进行了探讨，并对所制取的色素样品的光谱性、溶解性、热稳定性、光稳定性及色价进行了测试．试验表明该色素着色力较强，对光、热和酸碱等的稳定性良好，安全性高，是一种有前途的食品添加剂新品种，为枸杞开发利用提供了一种新方法、新途径．     

亚麻织物涂料印花工艺初探

本文针对亚麻织物的特点,通过对涂料、粘合剂、增稠剂的选择及定量试验,对亚麻织物的涂料印花工艺进行了初步探讨,并根据各项牢度测试结果,确定了最佳工艺。     

Primary structure and genomic organization of the histidine-rich protein of the malaria parasite Plasmodium lophurae

The nucleotide sequence of a complete genomic clone for the histidine-rich protein of Plasmodium lophurae has been determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein shows numerous tandemly repeated units preceded by a signal and a pro peptide. The gene is interrupted by an intron with a separate exon coding for the signal peptide. The signal peptide-encoding exon detects multiple cross-hybridizing sequences in the parasite genome.     

兰州红心萝卜色素的提取及性质研究

报道了兰州红心萝卜色素的提取条件和方法，讨论了光、热、pH值、食品添加剂以及重金属离子等对红心萝卜色素稳定性的影响，为兰州红心萝卜色素的开发、利用提供了理论依据。     

从胭脂萝卜中提取食用红色素的探讨

本文以胭脂萝卜的原料进行食用红色素的提取研究，通过用水作浸提剂，果胶酶除去胭脂萝卜中的果胶。乙酸除去该色素中的糖份，水蒸地除去粗产品中的萝卜异味，最后得到了较为纯净的胭脂红色素。     

天然彩色棉色素的提取与光谱分析

采用溶剂提取法和硝酸/乙醇（1∶4）氧化法提取天然彩色棉纤维的色素.通过色素提取液的光谱分析得出,天然棕色棉纤维色素成分为黄酮类化合物,B环上带有邻二酚羟基;天然绿色棉纤维色素中除含有黄酮类化合物外,A、B环上都带有邻二酚羟基.     

一株产绿色素放线菌的初步鉴定及其色素稳定性的检测

从天祝县抓喜秀龙乡境内采集的西藏沙棘根际土壤中分离得到一株产绿色素放线菌,初步鉴定其为链霉菌属绿色类群链霉菌,其所产色素为一种水溶性色素,该色素在低浓度H2O2存在时稳定性较好,葡萄糖浓度越高,色素的稳定性越差;蔗糖的存在可以增加色素的色度,低浓度的NaCl能使色素绿色加深,而色素在高浓度NaCl存在时比较稳定,还原剂亚硫酸钠对色素有增色作用且比较稳定.色素在中性或碱性条件下绿色加深,长时间放置后无大的变化,色素在40～60℃能够较长时间保持色度不变.金属离子Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+和Fe2+在短时间内能增加色素的色度,且色素在Mn2+存在时性质比较稳定.     

The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Interest in mapping the global distribution of malaria is motivated by a need to define populations at risk for appropriate resource allocation and to provide a robust framework for evaluating its global economic impact. Comparison of older and more recent malaria maps shows how the disease has been geographically restricted, but it remains entrenched in poor areas of the world with climates suitable for transmission. Here we provide an empirical approach to estimating the number of clinical events caused by Plasmodium falciparum worldwide, by using a combination of epidemiological, geographical and demographic data. We estimate that there were 515 (range 300-660) million episodes of clinical P. falciparum malaria in 2002. These global estimates are up to 50% higher than those reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and 200% higher for areas outside Africa, reflecting the WHO's reliance upon passive national reporting for these countries. Without an informed understanding of the cartography of malaria risk, the global extent of clinical disease caused by P. falciparum will continue to be underestimated.     

非离子表面活性剂在颜料表面处理中的应用

考查了斯盘、吐温和脂肪胺三种不同类型的非离子表面活性剂，在氯苯和水中，对酞菁绿颜料进行表面处理后，其自由面能γｓ、表自由面能的色散成分γｄｓ变化不大，而表自由面能的极性成分γｐｓ变化明显，且随疏水链长度增加而下降。处理后的酞菁绿颜料，在正辛醇中其粒径均向窄分布小颗粒区间移动，得到易分散的颜料。处理过程所用介质，对处理后颜料表面的亲水、亲油性有很大影响。以水为介质得到在水中分散性好的颜料。以有机溶剂为介质得到在油中分散性好的颜料。     

黑豆皮色素提取方法的研究

目的 探讨黑豆皮色素的最佳提取条件和提取方法。方法 通过实验对黑豆的脱皮、提取溶剂的类型、浓度、料液比及浸提温度、时间、次数、pH值等进行了工艺参数比较及多因素条件下的正交实验，对影响提取率的因素进行了分析。结果 在确定的最佳条件下提取到两种黑豆色素成品，即色素浸膏和干燥的色素粉末。结论 检测数据可靠，提取方法简单合理。