隔离墩与自浮结构相组合的桥梁防船撞系统方案与评估

随着跨江跨海桥梁与船舶通航数量日益曾多,船桥碰撞的概率也日益增大,所以亟须提出桥梁防船撞设计方案。针对既有椒江大桥水中通航孔桥墩,首先通过规范和Midas/Civil软件计算出桥墩结构的自身抗撞能力;基于非线性动力软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立有限元模型计算得出典型桥墩遭受3 000 t级船舶正向和侧向撞击工况下的撞击力;通过比较桥墩自身抗力与船舶撞击力,提出了一种隔离式防撞墩与自浮式消能圈相组合的新型桥梁防船撞方案,然后对单独设置隔离式防撞墩和设置隔离墩与自浮结构组合防撞系统两种工况进行计算。结果表明:桥墩自身抗力为14.40 MN,而受船舶撞击所产生的最大撞击力为24.38 MN;设置组合防撞系统后,桥墩墩身所受的撞击力为0,隔离式防撞墩与自浮式消能圈有效保护了桥墩结构,且减小了船舶损伤。     

船舶撞击双柱式桥墩破坏模式分析

为了研究双柱式桥墩在船舶碰撞作用下的损伤破坏机理,对冲击作用下钢筋混凝土结构的材料本构、黏结模拟方法进行了分析。采用可以考虑开裂的混凝土连续光滑本构模型模拟墩柱混凝土材料,采用考虑应变速率的随动塑性强化模型模拟墩柱纵筋及箍筋;基于显式动力有限元软件LS-DYNA,在考虑双柱式桥墩纵筋配筋率变化及是否存在桩土相互作用的情况下,对驳船撞击双柱式桥墩进行动力仿真分析。研究结果表明:在船舶撞击作用下,混凝土双柱式桥墩的破坏过程可分为4个阶段:初始接触碰撞阶段、撞击墩破坏阶段、非撞击墩破坏阶段、系梁与墩柱连接破坏阶段;结构在碰撞接触区域发生了局部剥落损伤,同时在碰撞侧桥墩、非碰撞侧桥墩以及系梁连接处均发生开裂破坏,船艏经历了2次加载-卸载历程,船舶动能的76%转化为船艏及结构的内能;双柱式桥墩纵筋配筋率对结构的破坏模式影响明显,随着配筋率提高,桥墩墩柱逐渐由弯曲破坏转变为只出现少量横向裂缝;在配筋率为2%时,墩柱基本不发生弯曲破坏,而碰撞侧墩柱与系梁连接处属于双柱式桥墩薄弱构造环节,在不同配筋率情况下均发生破坏;桩土相互作用对桥墩的破坏模式影响显著,在计算分析时应予以考虑,在墩底固结情况下,桥墩主要发生剪切破坏。     

带主梁的简化模型与响应面联合 的桥梁船撞易损性分析方法

以往桥梁船撞动力分析以给定事件确定性分析为主,难以反映船撞作用的偶然性和概率性特征,以及不同能量撞击下的桥梁损伤演化特征.为此,本文面向两类典型船舶,以桥梁墩柱受船舶撞击后的剩余承载能力作为损伤评估指标,较为系统地研究了桥梁船撞易损性.首先,建立了受压RC墩柱受到侧向冲击后剩余承载能力的直接模拟方法,通过与试验结果进行对比,验证了该模拟方法的有效性.然后,基于一座典型连续钢筋混凝土梁桥,建立了两种不同的有限元简化模型,并进行了比较和验证.提出一种有限元简化模型与响应面代理模型联合的桥梁船撞易损性分析方法,获得了两类典型船舶撞击下的桥梁易损性曲线.结果表明:所建立的响应面具有良好的精度,可替代复杂的非线性有限元计算;两类船舶类型撞击下的桥墩剩余承载力的响应特征区别较大,在球艏船撞击下剩余承载能力随船速的增大而均匀减少,而在受驳船撞击时,剩余承载能力与临界船速密切相关,呈现出双折线的特征,在进行样本设计时需基于临界速度进行分段;在相同船速及质量的情况下,驳船撞击所造成的结构损伤以及失效的概率普遍要高于球艏船撞击,实际设计中应尤为关注.     

溢流表孔预应力闸墩结构三维有限元分析

对溢流表孔闸墩结构应力分布和变形性态的了解与把握是设计中应解决的关键技术问题之一．为确保整个预应力结构在施工和运行中的安全,运用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对某水电站大坝溢流表孔预应力闸墩进行较为全面的应力、变形分析,得到了典型工况下结构的应力应变分布规律．根据计算结果,对闸墩混凝土结构的预应力效果进行评价,分析了结构重要部位的应力规律,并就预应力体系的两种不同拉锚系数设计方案进行对比分析,优化预应力体系设计．全部有限元计算结果为溢流表孔预应力闸墩结构的设计和优化提供了依据．     

某斜拉桥主墩承台应力分析

某斜拉桥采用双塔双索面半飘浮体系,主墩承台平面为哑铃型,并配以梅花布置状群桩基础.文章建立三维数值模型,对其主墩承台在施工、成桥、正常使用工况以及船舶撞击偶然作用工况进行应力分析,掌握承台在各种不利工况下的应力状态,为承台的设计提供指导和依据.     

仙女堡水电站桩基承载力有限元分析研究

为了论证桩基作为仙女堡水电站地基加固手段的理论的可行性,有必要计算桩基础承载力.以3#控河闸为例采用ANSYS建立了有限元模型,将三种水位与三种桩长组合成3种工况.计算结果表明三种水位工况下的变位及应力变化规律一致,且校核工况下变位及应力水平最高,其次为正常蓄水位,最次之为设计洪水位.天然工况下的地基沉降均超出了规范允许值,闸底板下游右侧铅直应力超过地基承载力,从理论上得出地基加固必要性.根据工程实际,对深厚覆盖层引起闸室的沉降、应力进行深入的研究,分析资料详细,可为类似工程提供借鉴经验.     

泰州大桥中塔墩防船撞研究

泰州大桥主墩位于航道边缘,可能遭受船舶的撞击。为保护大桥,综合考虑多种因素研究大桥中塔墩防船撞方案。针对泰州大桥三塔悬索桥型,结合通航船舶规划、桥梁参数、桥墩基础特点,开展防撞研究,提出针对性防撞方案,进行防撞特性计算分析,确定防撞方案的技术、经济特性。通过有限元数值仿真技术,研究泰州大桥在船舶撞击下的安全性和防撞方案的有效性。     

波浪作用下柔性靠船墩船舶撞击力统计分析

考虑船体、靠船墩弹性变形和护舷非线性变形,给出了波浪作用下外海轻型码头结构所遭受船舶撞击力的计算公式．根据公式中各随机变量的概率分布类型,采用Monte-Carlo方法对波浪作用下柔性靠船墩结构所遭受的船舶撞击力进行了统计分析．给出了设计基准期内撞击力的概率分布函数和不同刚度比下撞击力的均值系数和变异系数．结果表明：在设计基准期50a内波浪作用下柔性靠船墩船舶撞击力服从极值I型分布;船舶撞击力的均值系数为0．511,变异系数为0．429．     

泉州后渚大桥防撞岛结构试验与分析研究

以泉州后渚大桥防撞岛为工程背景,通过船撞模拟试验和非线性有限元分析,研究了船舶撞击防撞岛时的船撞力及防撞岛内部的应力分布和变形.试验和计算分析结果表明,设计船撞力超过设计预期的经验值30%以上,但防撞岛在船舶撞击下的破坏模式与设计预期的基本一致.     

船撞力强度指标对船撞桥响应的影响

确定船舶的撞击力是桥梁设计的关键问题之一,本研究针对船撞力强度指标的选择,探讨了不同船撞力强度指标对桥梁结构响应的影响.首先建立了一艘轮船撞击刚性墙的高精度有限元模型,得到了不同撞击吨位与撞击速度下的船撞力时程,并根据不同的船撞力强度指标进行了等效,将等效静力作用于结构的响应值与结构动力响应值进行了对比.结果表明,平均船撞力得出的结构响应最小,局部平均船撞力与峰值船撞力得出的动力响应相差不大;从结构响应随撞击吨位与撞击速度的变化规律方面来看,采用局部平均船撞力作为强度指标更为合理;在采用3种船撞力强度指标时都必须考虑动力效应的影响,否则会得到偏小的结构响应值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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