聚丙烯熔喷非织造布的接枝改性研究

以聚丙烯熔喷非织造布为基材、BPO为引发剂、丙烯酰胺(AAm)为单体，在熔喷聚丙烯非织造布上通过接枝共聚反应进行改性．并讨论了各单因素条件对接枝率的影响变化规律，同时分析了接枝产物的结构及吸湿性能．结果表明：实验获得的接枝物的润湿性能明显改善，并且当引发剂浓度为4g／L、熔胀剂甲苯浓度为14mL／L、引发温度为70℃、单体质量浓度为2．5％、接枝反应温度为80℃、接枝反应时间为60min时试样的接枝效果较好．     

Relationships between the Processing Parameters of Melt Blown Nonwoven Fabric and Its Structure and Filtration Property

Based on the processing experiment and sodium flame test this paper deals with the relationship between processing parameters, structure, and filtration property of melt blown fabric. Through the image analysis of Questar micro-images hi combination with the SEM observation and the measurement of some macrostructure indices, the relationship between the processing parameters and the structure especially the microstructure is emphasized. Finally the effect of some structure factors on filtration properties is discussed theoretically.     

磁性FeNi合金/石墨化介孔碳纳米复合材料的合成及其在染料吸附中的应用

以介孔SBA-15为模板,金属硝酸盐作为磁性FeNi合金纳米颗粒前驱物,采用纳米铸造法合成出一系列磁性FeNi合金/石墨化介孔碳纳米复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附仪(BET)、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和热重分析仪(TG)等对合成物进行表征.结果发现,试验得到的纳米复合材料具有一致的介孔结构,高含量的磁性FeNi合金纳米晶体(尺寸大约是3~6 nm)均匀分散在石墨介孔碳模型的壁上,此介孔材料具有高的比表面积(360.3~431.9 m²·g^-1),大孔体积(0.558~0.718 cm³·g^-1)和高饱和磁化强度(18.2~42.1 emu·g^-1).基于以上特性,研究了材料对于水中染料的吸附性能.结果发现,当染料浓度为50 mg·L^-1时,材料对其去除率接近100%,同时在外加磁场存在时,悬浮液可以很好地实现固液分离.因此,磁性FeNi合金/石墨化介孔碳纳米复合材料在去除废水中的染料方面可以作为高效和可循环使用的吸附剂.     

非织造布力学性能的模拟用其应用探讨

对不同粉末粘结剂含量非织造布的研究表明:线性和非线性的简易三元件模型均能较好地描述非织造布的拉伸性能和应力松弛性能。根据模型的拟合参数计算和讨论提出了应用力学模型可以检验非织造布加工中纤维网粘结程度优劣的可能性。     

改性蒙脱石的电动性质及吸附直接大红染料性能

采用多种化合物插层蒙脱石,制备不同电动电位(ζ-电位)的蒙脱石,用于吸附水体中的直接大红染料,并研究蒙脱石的ζ-电位与吸附直接大红染液的性能关系.研究表明:蒙脱石的ζ-电位对吸附染料性能有显著的影响,Ni²⁺与邻菲罗啉生成的螯合物改性蒙脱石及聚合羟基铝离子改性蒙脱石对染料的吸附性较好,脱色率可达90%以上,且前者对染料的吸附性基本与pH值无关.动力学研究表明:聚合羟基铝离子改性蒙脱石吸附染料较快,液膜扩散是主要的控速步骤,可用准一级动力学描述;而Ni²⁺与邻菲罗啉生成的螯合物改性蒙脱石吸附染料较慢,粒内扩散限速作用大,更接近准二级动力学模型.热力学研究表明:聚合羟基铝离子改性蒙脱石和Ni²⁺与邻菲罗啉生成的螯合物改性蒙脱石的吸附过程分别适合于Langmuir模型和Freumdlich模型,两者的吸附能力均约为22 mg·g^-1.     

Effects of Porosity on Structure and Performance of PP Meshes for Reparing Pelvic Floor Defects

Currently, polypropylene （PP） synthetic mesh is a kind of common material used for pelvic floor＇s repairing and reconstruction. The repairing mesh is generally made with different hole shape and size. Porosity is one of the most important indicators of PP mesh. Two different-structure PP meshes are selected through adopting corresponding target density in the heat setting process for meshes owning different porosity. Then performance and structure of two kinds meshes with different porosity are tested. The results showed that： the increase of porosity leaded to the decreases of meshes＇ thickness, tensile strength and bursting strength. Meshes＇ bending stiffness was reduced and they became softer, but there was no significant change in suture pulling-out force, which maybe associated with the large aperture of PP meshes.     

己二酸锌的制备及其对二氧化碳和环氧丙烷共聚反应的催化活性

通过不同锌源(氧化锌、氢氧化锌、碳酸锌、乙酸锌)与己二酸反应制备己二酸锌催化剂.WXRD的分析表明由氧化锌制备的己二酸锌拥有较高的结晶度和结晶质量,因此在催化二氧化碳和环氧丙烷共聚反应中显示较高的活性,每g催化剂可产生88.3 g聚合物.核磁共振谱测试显示所得聚合物PPC具有高度的交替结构.     

原位制备磁性壳聚糖纳米粒子及其对Ag(I)的吸附性能

以壳聚糖、Fe2+/Fe3+盐为水相,环已烷/正已醇为油相,TritonX-100为乳化剂,通过在W/O微乳体系中加NaOH溶液沉淀剂,原位制备磁性壳聚糖纳米粒子(MCN),用于吸附Ag(I)。考察了pH值、Ag(I)浓度和温度对MCN吸附Ag(I)的影响。结果表明,MCN分散良好,粒径15～40nm,饱和磁化强度25.6emu·g-1,pH6.0时吸附最佳,Ag(I)吸附容量随温度升高而降低。吸附动力学符合拟二级方程,且为自发放热过程。吸附等温线分别用Langmuir,Freundich和D-R模型拟合,表明Langmuir模型拟合最好,为单分子层吸附,最大吸附容量2.06mmol/g。吸附活化能E为8.94～9.10kJ/mol,表明以化学吸附为主。     

Nano-HCO吸附剂的制备及其除As(Ⅲ)性能

采用溶胶沉淀结合超声分散处理的方法,制备平均粒径为70 nm,比表面积为212 m2.g-1的纳米级水合氧化铈(Nano-HCO)吸附剂.在pH值为4~10,初始As(Ⅲ)质量浓度为10 mg.L-1,吸附剂投加量为1.0 g.L-1的反应条件下,可在2 h内将溶液中As(Ⅲ)质量浓度降低到0.01 mg.L-1以下.Nano-HCO吸附剂对砷的吸附等温线服从Langmuir方程,对应不同pH值,其对As(Ⅲ)的吸附容量较未经超声分散处理的水合氧化铈提高29%~141%,且水温的升高有助于增加As(Ⅲ)的吸附程度.     

Observation and Study of Fracture Behaviour for Fiber Reinforced Cement

Polypropylene, carbon, aramid and polyethylene fibers reinforced cement composites were fabricated respectively. Their fracture behaviors were observed using scanning electron microscopy and the bonding between fiber and matrix was observed in detail.     

和谐WAF格式在带干河床浅水波方程中的应用

采用二阶精度和谐的加权平均通量（WAF）格式对浅水波方程中的间断解和干湿边界问题进行了研究．用基于HLL求解器的WAF格式近似数值通量,中心差分格式离散地形源项,在干湿边界处重新定义数值河床,保证格式是和谐和扩展和谐的．最后模拟了带激波和干湿边界的浅水问题,精确地捕捉到了激波和干湿边界面,验证了该格式具有高分辨率、无振荡以及正确模拟干湿边界的能力．     

Utilizing Water Treatment Residuals for Phosphorus Removal: Batch Trials,Column Trials and Effects of Three Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids

Phosphorus（ P） has been recognized as a major limited nutrient responsible for the eutrophication of surface waters. Water treatment residuals（ WTRs） are safe by-products of water treatment plants and are cost-efficient adsorbents. In this study, batch experiments and column experiments based on WTRs were employed to study the characteristics of P adsorption and the effects of lowmolecular-weight organic acids（ LMWOAs）（ citric acid, oxalic acid,and tartaric acid） on P adsorption. Different models of adsorption were used to describe equilibrium and kinetic data. The adsorption data were fitted well by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption process was determined to be controlled by three steps of diffusion mechanisms through the intra-particle model.The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir,Freundlich,Redlich-Peterson,and Sips isotherm models. Batch and continuous flow experiments indicated that the LMWOAs exhibited inhibitory action,and as pH increased,the inhibitory action became weaker for all the three acids. The effect of LMWOAs concentration was not significant on inhibition. The effects of LMWOAs were closely related to reaction time.     

基坑变形灰色人工神经网络预测模型及其应用

针对基坑变形预测中信息的灰色性和数据的非线性性,提出用灰色神经网络预测基坑变形的新方法。用一桩锚联合支护体系实例进行了预测研究,得到支护体系的不同预测模型的组合预测值。研究结果表明:灰色神经网络预测误差比GM(1,1)预测模型小;与BP预测模型相比,前期误差大,后期误差小。在基坑变形监测中,为了更准确地预测基坑变形,可以采用灰色神经网络预测与BP预测相结合的方法进行预测。