提高英语词汇测试的效度和信度之我见

词汇测试是语言测试的一个重要的环节，判断一份词汇测试试卷出得是否成功，要看它的信度和效度。笔者以测试学理论为基础，就如何提高词汇测试的信度和效度，提出了自己的见解。     

英语语言测试回顾及改革思考

语言测试是英语教学的一个重要环节，是评价教学质量的一个重要手段。纵观历史，语言测试经过了分立式语言测试、综合式语言测试和交际性语言测试三个发展阶段。我国英语测试存在的问题是片面理解测试的作用和测试方法不够科学。因此，教师应该了解语言测试的真实目的，改革考试题型，提高试卷的信度和效度。     

大学英语测试信度与效度分析

语言测试是通过测试目标能力的表征行为,去推论目标能力。信度与效度是评价英语测试的两个重要依据,文章首先回顾了语言测试史及信度与效度的发展,并对大学英语测试题型的信度与效度进行分析得出,只有主客观题型在一定比例上的兼顾才能保证考试的可靠性与准确性。     

谈大学外语测试听力试卷的信度与效度

本文针对目前听力试卷过多采用多项选择题这一题型，影响外语测试的信度与效度，提出了切实可行的建议，这对于改善大学外语测试质量，增强测试的信度和效度和提高教学水平均具有重要意义。     

关于英语测试

本文旨在探讨测试英语水平的方法和手段:首先要制定科学、标准的考试大纲;测试题要具有较高的效度和信度。效度与信度有着密切的联系,只有信度高的测试才有较高的效度。通过反复比较、仔细推敲确定试卷（题）的难度和区分度;从多方面突出试卷的实用性;为了保证测试结果效度高,信度好,难易适度,真实可靠,须建立系统、标准、科学的试题库。     

从信度和效度的角度谈高职院校外语口语测试

信度和效度是语言测试的永恒主题,考试的结束并不意味着教学环节的终结。本文从信度和效度的角度出发,结合语言测试对外语教学的后效反拨作用,以大庆职业学院子为例,对高职院校外语口语测试进行了分析,提出了相应的解决对策。     

对一次综合英语试卷的质量分析

测试是英语语言教学中的一种评估手段。在出题的时候我们或许会问自己：为什么选择某一考试形式？考试是否达到了测试目的？考试所考的内容是否就是想考的内容？怎样才能知道这份试卷的质量如何呢？它符合不符合语言测试的要求呢？这就需要对试卷的质量进行评估、检验。评估的主要标准是什么呢？一般要看它的效度、信度、难度、区分度、实用性及后效作用。本文仅从难度和区分度两个方面对综合英语某一试卷进行分析。数据分析表明：试卷的整体难度适中,各类题型难度配置合理,试卷有较好的区分度,只有个别题目偏难。总体而言,该试卷达到了预期的测试效果。     

关于英语测试

本旨在探讨测试英语水平的方法和手段：首先要制定科学、标准的考试大纲；测试题要具有较高的效度和信度。效度与信度有着密切的联系，只有信度高的测试才有较高的效度。通过反复比较、仔细推敲确定试卷(题)的难度和区分度；从多方面突出试卷的实用性：为了保证测试结果效度高，信度好，难易适度，真实可靠，须建立系统、标准、科学的试题库。     

图式理论与阅读测试

近年来，随着图式理论模式在国内阅读教学中的应用，阅读教学发生了重大变化，因此，阅读测试也应与之相适应。文章通过对图式理论模式特性的分析，探讨了图式理论对设计阅读测试卷的指导作用，指出测试内容必须要与教学内容相一致，探讨阅读测试所应涉及的内容，如篇章结构能力的测试、背景知识和语言知识的测试等。尽量避免因爵式缺乏而影响了测试的结果，以提高试卷的信度和效度。     

《大学体验英语听说自主学习系统》测试平台信度及效度分析

运用SPSS软件,从数据统计学角度分析了《大学体验英语听说自主学习系统》测试平台的信度与效度。研究分析表明：（1）信度值为（0．758）,达到了可接受的信度值（0．7）;（2）效度方面,试卷的结构合理,口语部分考查了学生的口语表达能力及反应能力。听力部分考查了学生的听力理解能力及学生的瞬间反应能力。鉴于该份试卷作为听说自主训练的一个考查试卷,认为其信度已经达到了一个理想值,且结构效度合理。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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