金属离子对一水硬铝石和高岭石浮选行为的影响

通过一水硬铝石和高岭石纯矿物的浮选试验和动电位测定,研究不同种类的金属离子对一水硬铝石和高岭石浮选行为的影响.研究结果表明:Na+和K+对这2种矿物的可浮性和表面电位影响很小;Ca2+和Mg2+对一水硬铝石可浮性影响不大,却显著活化了高岭石的浮选,特别是在碱性范围内,高岭石的浮选回收率从40%提高到了90%以上;Ca2+和Mg2+显著降低了2种矿物表面的电位绝对值,但基本不改变2种矿物的等电点.Al3+和Fe3 +对2种矿物可浮性和表面电性的影响行为不同,Fe3+对一水硬铝石和高岭石的可浮性影响不大;当pH=4～8时,Al3+对高岭石抑制作用相当明显,形成一个低谷;Al3+增加了一水硬铝石和高岭石表面的Zeta电位,使一水硬铝石的等电点由7.2变为8.5,高岭石的等电点则由4.8变为9.0.     

粘土矿物对荧蒽在表层沉积物上吸附特性的影响

基于长江、嘉陵江重庆主城段不同粒径表层沉积物样品,进行了粘土矿物(高岭石、蒙脱石)掺混前后对典型多环芳烃荧蒽的吸附特性研究.试验结果表明,荧蒽的吸附能力与表层沉积物粒径大小具有一定的相关性;沉积物粒径越小,其吸附能力相对越强.不同粒径的表层沉积物对荧蒽的等温吸附曲线表明,对于相同的液相平衡浓度,固相吸附量大小依次为320目＞240目＞120目.沉积物样品中粘土矿物的掺混可显著增强其对荧蒽的吸附能力,且蒙脱石优于高岭石,这是由于不同粘土矿物晶型构成存在差异.沉积物样品对荧蒽分配特性的分析结果表明,掺混样品对荧蒽吸附的土壤/沉积物吸着系数值(Kα)较根据化合物水/辛醇分配系数(Kσw)的预测计算值高,荧蒽在沉积物复合体有机相上分配的同时,也有相当一部分吸附到无机矿物的表面,无机矿物对于沉积物中荧蒽的吸附作用不容忽视.     

铝土矿反浮选新型阳离子有机硅类捕收剂QAS222

考察新型阳离子捕收剂有机硅季铵盐QAS222对一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石、伊利石4种单矿物及其混合物的浮选行为,并对其机理进行分析.研究结果表明,在碱性条件下,QAS222是铝土矿反浮选脱硅的有效捕收剂;在矿浆pH=ll和QAS222浓度为4×10-4 mol/L条件下,可实现不同铝硅比人工混合矿反浮选脱硅.高岭石、伊利石和叶蜡石零电点分别为3.4,3 0和2 5,一水硬铝石与QAS222作用后零电点由6.2提高至10.9;当QAS222浓度为4×10-4 mol/L时,4种矿物表面动电位随矿浆pH增加不同程度地先增加后减少,但在pH=2～12范围内,3种铝硅酸盐矿物动电位大于0V,证实了单矿物浮选实验结果;QAS222在高岭石、叶腊石和伊利石表面除发生静电吸附作用、氢键作用和铵吸附外,还发生化学吸附,使其牢固地吸附在矿物表面,并在广泛pH范围内保持较好可浮性;而当矿浆pH=ll时,QAS222与一水硬铝石作用较弱,很难形成表面吸附,导致其可浮性较差.     

高岭土和蒙脱石的混合土对Cu2+的吸附特性研究

本文主要研究了高岭土、蒙脱石和同时包含上述两种矿物的混合土对水溶液中Cu2+的等温吸附特性,重点考察了初始浓度和矿物配比等因素的影响。通过平衡吸附试验得到单种矿物以及混合矿物对Cu2+的平衡吸附量qe,分析并比较混合前后两种矿物吸附性能的变化情况。结果表明,高岭土与蒙脱石对Cu2+等温吸附曲线分别属于“C型”和“H型”;混合矿物对Cu2+的吸附性能由蒙脱石主导;混合矿物的平衡吸附量qe随高岭土占比的增加而线性减小,与单独矿物吸附相比,矿物混合会造成“吸附量损失”混合偏差系数Km<1,且为关于高岭土(或蒙脱石)含量的多项式函数。     

黄土-全风化泥岩接触带诱发黄土滑坡敏感性分析

选取甘肃天水市黄土层下伏全风化泥岩为研究对象,在工程地质条件调查的基础上,取备原状黄土及全风化泥岩试样进行基本物性指标测试、矿物成分分析试验及易溶盐测试,探讨了全风化泥岩与黄土中物质成分之间的差异性,定义全风化泥岩与黄土中HCO3-和Ca2+质量浓度的比值(M)为敏感性因子,分析全风化泥岩诱发黄土滑坡形成的内在机理.结果表明:全风化泥岩中的粘土矿物含量较高,粘土矿物中以伊利石/蒙脱石混层矿物为主, HCO3-较多,而黄土中Ca2+含量相对丰富.当M3.13时,利于粘土矿物形成,全风化泥岩透水性变差,通过地下水迁移至黄土泥岩接触带的粘土颗粒以及后期新生成的粘土颗粒都会大大降低黄土泥岩接触带的强度,且地下水易在与黄土接触面富集形成滑面,从而导致诱发滑坡的可能性增大.     

二连盆地巴彦乌拉铀矿床目的层粘土矿物特征及其意义

二连盆地巴彦乌拉铀矿床是我国典型的古河谷砂岩型铀矿床,铀主要经潜水-层间氧化作用富集成矿。为了研究其粘土矿物组成、含量、形态特征及其产状,对区内目的层粘土矿物进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析。分析结果表明,二连盆地巴彦乌拉铀矿床目的层粘土矿物成分基本一致,主要为蒙脱石、高岭石、伊利石,个别样品中见少量绿泥石。蒙脱石集合体呈花朵状、片状,高岭石集合体呈书页状、扇状,伊利石集合体呈片状,绿泥石集合体呈玫瑰花朵状。粘土矿物以分散质点式不完全充填于孔隙中和薄膜式贴附于颗粒表面。根据分析结果,文章总结了该矿床氧化带分带粘土矿物特征,并探讨了粘土矿物对砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率的影响及其与铀成矿的关系。     

pH对油酸钠在钛铁矿与钛辉石表面吸附的影响

通过热力学计算、X线光电子能谱及红外光谱测试,研究pH对油酸钠在钛铁矿与钛辉石表面吸附的影响。研究结果表明:钛铁矿在pH>5.5时都保持了较好的可浮性,钛辉石在pH为6～9和pH>10的条件下具有一定的可浮性;在酸性条件下,钛铁矿表面的Fe3+,Ca2+,Mg2+和Ti4+以及钛辉石表面的Fe3+,Ca2+,Mg2+和Al3+均能与油酸钠发生化学作用,其中钛铁矿表面的Fe2+在浮选过程中可以被氧化为Fe3+,成为矿物表面主要的活性吸附点,继而油酸根离子取代羟基生成油酸铁而吸附于矿物表面;钛辉石表面则以Ca2+和Mg2+与油酸根的化学作用为主。在碱性条件下,钛铁矿与钛辉石表面均主要以Ca2+和Mg2+为主与油酸钠作用。     

蒙脱石层间阳离子交换的分子模拟

蒙脱石是地表最为常见的一种粘土矿物,层间阳离子交换是蒙脱石矿物的基本属性之一,并因此而成为被广泛应用的矿物材料.通过研究钠基蒙脱石(两层水状态)的阳离子交换特征,在分子层次上探究了K~+,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),Ba~(2+)从环境溶液进入蒙脱石层间并与Na~+离子的交换行为.模拟结果显示不同离子交换量顺序为:Ba~(2+)Ca~(2+)K+Mg~(2+),即水化能力弱的阳离子更容易和层间Na+离子发生交换;离子的水化能力还与其在蒙脱石层间的空间分布密切相关,水化能力最强的Mg~(2+)离子远离蒙脱石表面而倾向于出现在层间区域的中间,Ca~(2+)与Ba~(2+)离子则部分出现在结构层表面四面体取代位置;K~+离子的分布具有特殊性,被紧缚在硅氧烷六元环中央空穴处.阳离子进入蒙脱石层间是自由能下降的过程,进入层间的阳离子活动性远低于孔隙流体中的离子,其中Ba~(2+)离子的自扩散系数最低.本文在原子层次上揭示的蒙脱石阳离子交换动力学过程有助于加深对粘土矿物-流体相互作用机制的理解.     

纸浆纤维对钙离子吸附行为及机理

以去金属离子处理后的漂白硫酸盐桉木浆及针叶木浆为原料,研究纸浆纤维对Ca2+的吸附动力学及影响吸附的因素。结果表明:Ca2+初始浓度较低时,漂白化学木浆对Ca2+的吸附能力随着Ca2+初始浓度的增加而快速提高。Ca2+初始浓度0.471 7 mmol/L时,阔叶木浆达到饱和吸附,吸附量为0.016 0 mmol/g;针叶木浆在Ca2+初始浓度为0.220 1 mmol/L时就达到饱和吸附,吸附量为0.008 4 mmol/g,吸附能力与针阔叶浆各自所带羧基量一致。在pH 7.5、温度25℃条件下,符合Langmuir方程等温吸附线,且纸浆对Ca2+的吸附为单分子吸附。Ca2+浓度和pH的升高将使纸浆纤维对Ca2+的吸附能力提高,阔叶木浆和针叶木浆中Ca2+加入量为0.035 6和0.016 5 mmol/g时,木浆达到饱和吸附。pH超过7,纸浆表面游离羧基将完全被Ca2+吸附;纸浆纤维对Ca2+的吸附属放热吸附,提高温度将会降低纸浆纤维对Ca2+的吸附量。     

碳酸钙水溶液结晶的MD模拟

研究了温度对碳酸钙水溶液中Ca2+和CO2-3结晶的影响,应用分子动力学(MD)方法模拟了在不同温度下由方解石110晶面和300个水分子、2个Ca2+及2个CO2-3组成的水溶液系统,计算了温度为283 K～373 K的水溶液中水分子、Ca2+和CO2-3的扩散系数以及两种离子与表面的结合能.通过水分子和Ca2+及CO2-3的扩散系数的计算证明在温度为353 K时水溶液中离子最容易反应形成离子对,进而长成微晶,而在343 K时离子最不易结晶.通过结合能的计算,可以看出在313 K时离子与表面的结合能最大,此时离子最容易被晶体表面吸附而在表面上形成新的结晶,而在373 K时结合能最小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~