Reconstruction of precipitation in the last 140 years from tree ring at south margin of the Tengger Desert, China

Based on the tree ring width index of Pinus tabulaeformis, precipitation in the last 140 years was reconstructed at south margin of the Tengger Desert. The results indicated that there were obvious fluctuations of dry-wet changes in precipitation： two wet periods occurred during 1868-1876 and 1932-1939, and two dry periods during 1877-1894 and 1924-1932, however, the years 1887 and 1888 were a little wet. There were small changes in precipitation during 1895-1923 and 1940-2000. As compared to the average, the maximum increasing range of precipitation amounted to 56% during the wet periods, and 42% during the dry periods. And the range of variability of precipitation exceeded 30% in 19 years. There was no obvious consistent drying or wetting trend in the last 140 years. But since 1940 fluctuating scope of precipitation tended to be smaller, while the frequency of the fluctuation tended to be larger. Power spectrum analyses suggested that precipitation of south margin of the Tengger Desert had significant periodicities of 2.46-2.64 a and quasi periodicity of 11.67 a.     

皖北地区年雨量的小波分析

应用小波分析方法对皖北地区年降水量波动进行分析 ,得出在 2 0年左右的时间尺度下 ,所研究区域年雨量可分成 6个偏多偏少时期 ,并指出这些降水水量偏多偏少时段是相对于不同的时间尺度而言的 .利用方差贡献分析 ,得出该区域年雨量以 2年或 6年的振荡为主 .预计今后仍维持旱重于涝的趋势     

赤道太平洋中东部海温异常与中国东部降水异常的统计关系

厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜海洋现象对世界气候的影响非常大,我国东部地处太平洋西岸,降水明显受其影响.本文从1950~1999年50年赤道太平洋中东部海温距平资料入手,得出厄尔尼诺现象和拉尼娜现象50年的表现特征.然后对中国东部夏季降水异常情况进行统计,分析了太平洋海温异常与中国东部降水异常的统计关系.并因此得到El Nino年华北显著偏旱,淮河流域El Nino年出现涝灾的概率达到50%,长江中下游地区出现在El Nino年和La Nina年的旱涝年数相差不大,华南在El Nino年出现的旱年数占全部旱年的50%等一些有意义的结论.     

Landscape evolution and palaeoclimate in the deserts of northwestern China, with a special reference to Badain Jaran and Taklamakan

A comparative study of geomorphologic landscapes in the Badain Jaran Desert and Taklamakan Desert was made on the basis of field investigations, thermolumi-niscence and radiocarbon dating as well as analysis of sand grain texture. The sand seas of the Badain Jaran Desert differ greatly from that of the Taklamakan Desert in terms of dune morphology, interdune relief, dune stratigraphy and sand sources. The thermoluminiscence ages of the dunes suggest that the basic configuration of the megadunes in the Badain Jaran Desert has not changed at least since Middle Holocene. There were periods of more humid environment during the last glaciation and Holocene in both deserts, but events of higher precipitation in the Badain Jaran Desert were more frequent than in the Taklamakan. In both desert areas, aeolian processes have been intensified during the last 2000 a.     

Precipitation variations recorded in Guliya ice core in the past 400 years

Based on the Guliya ice core records, the precipitation in the past 400 years was retrieved. Its rela tions with other regions were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that there were two high-precipitation periods and two low-precipitation periods in Guliya ice core since 1571 AD. The average precipitation in the two high-precipitation periods was 42 mm (21%) higher than that in the two low-precipitation periods. The precipitation recorded in the Guliya ice core was consistent with that in Dunde ice core. The variation trends of precipitation in the Guliya ice core and the northern hemisphere are similar. During the extremely wet years in the northern hemisphere, the precipitation recorded in the Guliya ice core was two times the long-term average. However, the annual precipitation was 38% less than that of the long-term average in extremely dry years.     

Precipitation variations recorded in Guliya ice core in the past 400 years

Based on the Guliya ice core records, the precipitation in the past 400 years was retrieved. Its rela tions with other regions were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that there were two high-precipitation periods and two low-precipitation periods in Guliya ice core since 1571 AD. The average precipitation in the two high-precipitation periods was 42 mm (21%) higher than that in the two low-precipitation periods. The precipitation recorded in the Guliya ice core was consistent with that in Dunde ice core. The variation trends of precipitation in the Guliya ice core and the northern hemisphere are similar. During the extremely wet years in the northern hemisphere, the precipitation recorded in the Guliya ice core was two times the long-term average. However, the annual precipitation was 38% less than that of the long-term average in extremely dry years.     

近51年海河流域气候变化特征分析

在全球变暖的背景下,海河流域作为我国重要工农业生产地,气候正在发生重大变化.利用1960年-2010年海河流域30个气象站点的气温和降水资料,将每个站点的气温和降水量展布到全流域,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、滑动T检验和小波分析等方法分析海河流域气候的变化特征.结果表明：海河流域气温呈明显上升趋势,其中西部和东部明显高于南部和北部,年平均气温在1988年发生突变,气温变化存在7a和10～15a2个周期;整个流域的降水量呈下降趋势,其中北部的内蒙古地区和河南的北部地区降水减少趋势最为明显,降水量在1997年发生突变,降水变化存在5～7 a和10～15 a 2个周期.     

山西省沁水县气候变化趋势分析

利用沁水县气象观测站1961—2000年40年的气温和降水资料,分析了沁水40年的气温和降水变化趋势,为沁水生态环境研究和经济建设提供了依据。     

华北地区百年气候变化规律分析

通过对比研究华北地区的范围,综合整理了相关华北地区的气温与降水变化规律,发现华北地区气温存在空间上由南向北降低,由沿海向内陆增高,再由内陆向山区降低;在时间上两个降温期两个升温期,即1880~1919年为第一个降温期(Ⅰj);1920~1950年为第一个升温期(Ⅰs);1951~1970年为第二个降温期(Ⅱj);1971年至今为第二个升温期(Ⅱs).并分析了气温地域性差异的主要原因是南北纬度的跨越、地形的非均一性和海陆位置的差异.而华北的夏季降水则存在空间上南部(东南部)降水多,北部(西北部)降水少,山区降水普遍多于平原,燕山南麓、胶东丘陵的南部沿海和鲁中山地的东南部均因地处夏季风的迎风坡,雨水集中,多暴雨,而背风坡、山间盆地则雨量较少;在时间上则可分为1880~1898年和1949~1964年的丰水期,1899~1947年和1965~1999年的枯水期.而影响华北夏季降水的原因可分为低纬和中纬地区海陆热力差异和北半球中高纬地区的大气环流异常.     

Millennial and orbital variations of El Niño/Southern Oscillation and high-latitude climate in the last glacial period

The El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is believed to have operated continuously over the last glacial-interglacial cycle. ENSO variability has been suggested to be linked to millennial-scale oscillations in North Atlantic climate during that time, but the proposals disagree on whether increased frequency of El Ni?o events, the warm phase of ENSO, was linked to North Atlantic warm or cold periods. Here we present a high-resolution record of surface moisture, based on the degree of peat humification and the ratio of sedges to grass, from northern Queensland, Australia, covering the past 45,000 yr. We observe millennial-scale dry periods, indicating periods of frequent El Ni?o events (summer precipitation declines in El Ni?o years in northeastern Australia). We find that these dry periods are correlated to the Dansgaard-Oeschger events--millennial-scale warm events in the North Atlantic climate record--although no direct atmospheric connection from the North Atlantic to our site can be invoked. Additionally, we find climatic cycles at a semiprecessional timescale (approximately 11,900 yr). We suggest that climate variations in the tropical Pacific Ocean on millennial as well as orbital timescales, which determined precipitation in northeastern Australia, also exerted an influence on North Atlantic climate through atmospheric and oceanic teleconnections.     

A 457-year reconstruction of precipitation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China using tree-ring records

This paper presents a 457-year reconstruction of precipitation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using tree-ring records.Tree-ring samples were collected from the Hengduan Mountains in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.A nearly 500-year chronology was developed using tree-ring width records.Correlation analysis shows moisture is the main factor limiting tree growth in this region.Ring-widths were significantly positively correlated with the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) and precipitation in many months.The highest correlation coefficient was found between the annual growth of trees and precipitation from the previous September to the current June(0.738).Based on this relationship,we reconstructed the precipitation history from 1509 to 2006.The reconstruction explains 54.4%(Radj2=53.5%,N=49,F=56.12) of the actual precipitation variation during the calibration period(1958-2006).During the reliable period of the reconstruction(1549-2006),some low-frequency climate signals are included,indicating this region has been getting wetter in the last 20 years.The reconstruction documents six apparently dry and five pluvial periods and the 17th century dry period lasted longer than any other.When compared with other recent studies,this study and these earlier reconstructions show a similar trend in the variation of drought and pluvial.Further spatial correlation analysis confirms that the reconstructed precipitation adequately represents the rainfall history of the entire Hengduan Mountain area.The Multi-taper method,a type of spectral analysis,reveals that precipitation in this area had significant(P<0.01) spectral peaks at 3-5 a,60 a and 79-85 a.     

Decadal-scale precipitation variations in arid and semiarid zones of northern China during the last 500 years

Regional decadal precipitation reconstructions for the arid and semi-arid zones of northern China were established by the use of different palaeoclimate archives such as ice-cores, tree-rings, lake sediments and written historical documents. Local rainfall reconstructions from single sites were averaged to obtain regional precipitation records for western and eastern regions of an arid and semiarid zone of northern China, respectively. All established regional precipitation curves display 5 dry periods, each lasting about 50 years. Meanwhile, precipitation reconstructions show regional dissimilarities. During the last 500 years, the trends of precipitation change in the eastern arid region are basically consistent with those in the western and eastern regions of the semiarid zone. Precipitation variations in the western arid region are unique, showing significant local patterns of rainfall variability. Maximum entropy method (MEM) spectral estimates show that each regional precipitation series contains stationary century-scale periodicities of about 120 a.Singular spectrum analysis was applied to isolating the century-scale oscillation signals from the regional proxy precipitation series. Significant periods with wavelengths of 121.4a, 154.6a, 124.3a, 118.6a, 108.5a and 121.4a were found 26.56%, 26.44%, 28.87%, 18.67%, 33.48% and 34.04% of the variances of the original series for the western arid zone,the eastern arid zone, the whole arid zone, the western semiarid zone, the eastern semiarid zone and whole northern China, respectively.     

湖北省近46年区域气候变化特征

本文利用了1960~2005年湖北省19个气象站的年降水量和月均温资料,采用了降水距平百分率和气温距平、气温滑动曲线及气温累计曲线分区分析了降水和气温近46年的变化规律。结果表明:在全球普遍增温的背景下,湖北各区出现了不同程度的增温;鄂西山地和鄂东北低山丘陵降水量有减少的趋势,江汉平原和鄂东南低山丘陵降水有增加的趋势。     

The age of the "old red sand" on the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong, China

The sedimentary strata and deposition ages of the "old red sand" distributed along the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong are determined by lithostratigraphy, magnetic stratigraphy and earth chemistry combined with TL, ESR and 14C-dating techniques. The research shows that the "old red sand" was aeolian sediments deposited from 55 400 to 9 000 aBP, the last glacial period in the middle and later age of Late Pleistocene. Most of them deposited in two periods of 56-42 ka and 30-10 ka. The "old red sand" deposited in the period of 30-10 ka, the later Würm glacier substage (Q33), developed on the largest scale with the widest distribution.     

哈密市植被变化及其对气候变化的响应

以2000-2016年(5-10月)MOD13QI数据为基础,并结合同期气温和降水资料,采用线性趋势分析?相关分析等方法,研究了哈密市近16年来植被空间变化特征以及与气候因素的关系?结果表明:哈密市NDVI总体上呈上升的趋势,主要植被类型为低覆盖度植被类型?2000-2008?2008-2016年两个时期,哈密市极低覆盖度?极高覆盖度植被都先下降后上升,低覆盖度和高覆盖度植被持续上升,中等覆盖度植被持续下降?NDVI与气温?降水都存在一定的相关性,NDVI受气温的影响较少,受降水量的影响较显著（P<0.01）?     

广西秋冬季降水特征分析

利用1961年1月至2006 年2月广西89个气象观测站的逐日降水数据,计算各观测站45a来的秋冬季降水时间序列,运用小波分析和Mann-Kendell非参数化统计检验方法, 分析广西秋冬季降水的时空异常分布和变化特征.结果表明,广西秋季降水南多北少,近20a来降水量总体上趋于减少;冬季降水则东多西少,20世纪70年代初期开始出现趋于增多的突变,近15a来这种变化比较显著.广西秋冬季降水时间序列存在着较为明显的年代际和年际两个振荡周期.广西秋冬季降水的地域性差异较大,西部地区秋季降水逐渐减少的趋势较为明显,桂南秋季出现异常干旱的情况比较频繁,桂东北、桂西南的冬季降水明显增多.     

Reconstruction of temperature series in China for the last 5000 years

A temperature series with a 100 year resolution for the last 5000 years in China has been reconstructed by using 31 long-term temperature proxy series selected from recent publications in the last 20 years. The proxy records include pollens, stalagmites, lake-sediments, peat, ice cores and historical documents. The result reveals that in the millennial scale temperature variation it was warm in 3050-250 BC and it was cold in 250 BC-1950 AD. In the above two periods there were many stages of sub-scale temperature fluctuations. The result also shows an obvious temperature discrepancy on the century to multi-century scale between the Eastern Monsoon Region, the Qinghai-Tibet Region and the Northwestern Region in 2850 BC, 2350 BC, 1350 BC, 950-350 BC, 50-250 AD, and 550 AD. A comparison between the reconstructed series of this paper and some North Hemisphere temperature series indicates that in the long-term scale change, the temperature change in China is in phrase with that of the Northern Hemisphere during the last 5000 years, while on the century to multi-century scale there are differences at the beginning and end times, which may imply that temperature change does not occur simultaneously in different regions.     

Characteristics of decadal-centennial-scale changes in East Asian summer monsoon circulation and precipitation during the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age and in the present day

Using meteorological observations, proxies of precipitation and temperature, and climate simulation outputs, we synthetically analyzed the regularities of decadal-centennial-scale changes in the summer thermal contrast between land and ocean and summer precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region during the past millennium; compared the basic characteristics of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) circulation and precipitation in the present day, the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP); and explored their links with solar irradiance and global climate change. The results indicate that over the last 150 years, the EASM circulation and precipitation, indicated by the temperature contrast between the East Asian mainland and adjacent oceans, had a significant decadal perturbation and have been weaker during the period of rapid global warming over the past 50 years. On the centennial time scale, the EASM in the MWP was strongest over the past 1000 years. Over the past 1000 years, the EASM was weakest in 1450?C1570. When the EASM circulation was weaker, the monsoon rain belt over eastern China was generally located more southward, with there being less precipitation in North China and more precipitation in the Yangtze River valley; therefore, there was an anomalous pattern of southern flood/northern drought. From the 1900s to 1920s, precipitation had a pattern opposite to that of the southern flood/northern drought, with there being less precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and more precipitation in North China. Compared with the case for the MWP, there was a longer-time-scale southern flood/northern drought phenomenon in 1400?C1600. Moreover, the EASM circulation and precipitation did not synchronously vary with the trend of global temperature. During the last 150 years, although the annual mean surface temperature around the world and in China has increased, the EASM circulation and precipitation did not have strengthening or weakening trends. Over the past 1000 years, the weakest EASM occurred ahead of the lowest Northern Hemispheric temperature and corresponded to the weakest solar irradiance.     

近50年来吉林省气温和降水变化趋势分析

利用近50年来吉林省20个气象站1953—2001年的气温及降水观测数据,采用DB16正交小波分析、非参数统计检验Mann-kendall法对气温与降水的变化趋势进行了研究.结果表明:近50年来,吉林省气温存在明显的增温趋势,降水呈现减少趋势;在不同的时间尺度上,气温、降水的变化趋势存在差异,尺度越大趋势性反应的越明显;气温、降水的年季变化趋势在空间分布上有所不同.     

青海湖流域近50年气温、降水变化特征研究

本文对青海湖流域1961-2010年近50年来的气温和降水变化特征进行了研究,结果表明,青海湖流域气温呈明显的增加趋势,线性增温率最大达到0.40℃/10a;存在较为明显的4次增温期,特别是最近一次增温期,持续时间长,最大增幅达0.1℃/a.降水量虽然没有明显的增加趋势,但存在三次明显的增多期,最大降水量出现在1988-1989年间.在季节变化上,气温均出现了不同程度的增加趋势,尤其以冬季和秋季增温趋势最明显;降水的季节增幅不明显,降水主要集中夏季,夏季多年平均降水量为239.30mm,占全年降水量的65%左右.近50年气温、降水变化特征表明青海湖流域目前正处于增温增湿阶段.