建筑防烟分区划分安全性研究

设置防烟分区是建筑防排烟的重要措施之一。同一防火分区,其防烟分区可有多种划分,为探讨安全性高且又能应对各种火灾可能性的合理化设计,该文基于火灾安全性分析原理,通过场模型的仿真计算方法,研究了典型建筑空间中防烟分区划分对火灾安全性的影响。研究结果表明:防烟分区划分应该与疏散出口的分布相匹配;过多疏散出口划归在一个防烟分区将导致安全性严重降低;各个防烟分区均匀分布疏散出口,则有助于适应火灾发生地点的不可预知性,确保任何火灾情况下的疏散安全性。     

北京奥运体育馆烟控系统性能化设计

根据奥运体育馆的特点,指出了对于烟控系统采用处方式设计的不足之处,给出了对体育馆进行性能化的烟控系统设计的过程,论述了人员生命安全判定指标、火灾规模、清晰高度、烟控系统参数的确定问题,并对CFD软件进行模拟验证和优化时遇到的排烟量优化、控烟分区划分、补风设计、抽漏现象的避免,过烟孔设置等问题进行了深入研究。     

地下商场内火灾烟气运动及控制的大涡模拟

采用湍流大涡模拟方法,对接近于方形的地下商场内的火灾烟气运动及机械排烟进行了数值模拟;研究了机械排烟口的布置和排烟量对火灾烟气排放有效性的影响.结果表明在商场具有防烟分区和挡烟垂壁的条件下,在右侧墙处实施机械排烟比在顶棚处实施机械排烟可取得较好的排烟效果.随着机械排烟量的增大,室内烟气层的高度有明显的上升,从疏散口和自然补风口处流出的烟气速度减小,流入的空气速度增大.     

关于公共娱乐场所防排烟设计的探讨

通过对公共娱乐场所建筑物类型、结构和火灾发展的分析,阐述了防火安全设计中非常重要的防排烟设计问题,并根据建筑物具体情况,对防火与防烟分区划分、挡烟垂壁的设置、管道布置等问题进行了综合考虑,提出了公共娱乐场所防排烟设计方面的防火对策。     

防烟楼梯间各种防排烟方式的利与弊

高层建筑因其功能复杂、烟气流动速度快、垂直疏散距离长造成人员疏散困难，这就要求设计时在建筑的每层营造出一块火灾时免受高温烟气侵害的”相对安全空间”，让处在建筑中的人员能够从容疏散到室外的安全地带。这一”相对安全空间”就是防烟楼梯间。因此，《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》（GB50045—95）明确规定：一类建筑和除单元式和通廊式住宅外的建筑高度超过32米的二类建筑以及塔式住宅，均应设防烟楼梯间。防烟楼梯间的防排烟方式有三种：自然排烟、机械防烟和机械排烟。     

苏州火车站地下交通联系通道火灾烟控方案的性能

针对苏州火车站地下交通联系通道工程实际,建议增设防火卷帘对通道进行物理隔断,以地面出入口和风井划分排烟控制区段,提出不同火灾位置时的排烟控制方案.借助火灾动力学模拟软件FDS模拟苏州火车站地下交通联系通道火灾烟气的蔓延情况,结合火灾发生时人员和车辆利用通道内既有设施进行疏散的安全性分析,对各烟气控制方案的通风排烟效果进行性能化研究,验证了火灾烟控方案的有效性.     

排烟量和送风比对地下街烟气控制的模拟研究

以淮南市某地下商业街其中一防火分区为研究对象,采用模拟软件FDS进行了火灾烟气控制的数值模拟,对顶棚机械排烟条件下,排烟量和送风比对室内火灾烟气有效控制的影响进行了研究,模拟分析结果表明,在顶棚机械排烟时,排烟量对室内烟气控制的影响较大。当排烟量为115m3/（m2·h）时,可以达到很好的烟气控制效果,送风比对此的影响较小;当排烟量和送风比过大时,使室内烟气紊流加剧,火场情况混乱。研究结果为此类狭长型地下建筑火灾的控制和人员疏散提供参考。     

仓储式超级市场建筑防火对策

仓储式超级市场火灾荷载大,人员集中,一旦起火极易蔓延。本文从总平面布局出发,在耐火等级、防火分区、防烟排烟、安全疏散、消防设施和室内装修等方面对仓储式超级市场防火设计工作做些初步设想,期望有利于减少火灾发生或有效阻止火势蔓延。     

大空间结构各种火灾场景下的温度场分布

大空间建筑近年来在中国得到了迅速的发展,其防火设计研究工作也日趋受到人们重视。利用流体动力学计算软件FLUENT对大空间建筑中的不同火灾场景进行了数值模拟,着重分析了单个火源位于底面不同位置处以及2个火源同时存在时模型壁面温度场的分布。此外,由于防烟分区和排烟系统等的设置对大空间建筑火灾下的温度分布有较大影响,还对在考虑防排烟装置情况下的结构温度场变化进行了计算与对比。研究结果表明:当火源距离空间壁面较近时,温度沿高度方向梯度很大,沿高度方向不能近似为等温处理;在2个火源同时存在的情况下,不宜将各火源功率直接相加后用单个火源计算结果作为实际温度场的分布,应考虑各火源的相对功率和相对位置的影响。     

地下停车库的通风与排烟

根据实例分析了几种防烟分区划分的利弊,指出系统的划分要充分注意到排风量和排烟量的匹配,并尽量使管路简化,运行可靠。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has