微型自由电子激光器的Maxwell方程解

本文由Maxwell方程导出了微型自由电子激光的电子辐射能量方程,上述微型自由电子激光器是利用铁电单晶体强大周期性表面势来设计的。 微型廉价自由电子激光器有高增益。     

相对论性电子在行波磁场中的运动

相对论性电子在周期性磁场中的运动将产生自发辐射，这是产生自由电子激光的基础。本采用的行波磁场，是一种新型的周期性磁场。通过讨论要以看出，当电子通过这种磁场时也将产生自发辐射，从而说明该磁场能做为自由电子激光器的摆动器。     

自由电子激光器的发展及其应用

自由电子激光器是一种完全新型的相干电源,它的一些特点是其它相干光源所不可比拟的.本文在简述自由电子激光器的原理之后,介绍自由电子激光器的发展及其应用.     

自由电子激光器的新进展

本文对自由电子激光器的工作原理、实验装置以及自由电子激光辐射的基本特征等进行了详细介绍，在系统综述自由电子激光器的发展动态的基础上，指出了这一研究领域的发展趋势。     

自由电子激光中的电子和光场的混沌

针对康普顿型常参数自由电子激光器的理论模型，应用运动轨道直接观测法，绘制了电子相轨道的二维投影构图，并计算了轨道的李雅普诺夫（Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｎ）指数。确定了电子混沌轨道的临界区域。     

自由电子激光器(摘要)

随着现代科学技术的发展,需要研究、应用从厘米波到X射线、Y射线波段上各种波长和各种功率的激光。但是以粒子数反转和非线性光学效应为基础的普通激光器,一般只能产生某一特定波长的激光,而且功率还不够强。所以无论在波长方面,还是对功率的要求方面,都还远不能适应生产和科研对激光技术的要求。近几年来,一种名为“自由电子激光器”的激光器件,在理论和实验两方面都得到了较好的研究成果。理论上讲,它似乎可以得到上述波段上任意波长的激光,且功率也可相当强,展示了它的广阔前景。所谓自由电子激光器是把从高能电子加速器得     

太赫兹自由电子激光器研究进展

自由电子激光器是目前可以获得太赫兹最高输出功率的辐射源,是一种较为理想的太赫兹源。本文主要论述了太赫兹自由电子激光的发展历史和现状,并对其发展趋势作了一定的分析和综述。太赫兹自由电子激光器技术的发展必将大大推进太赫兹成像、检测技术的发展．对相关领域科学研究、国家安全等方面有着重大影响。     

用激光破坏导弹外壳的两种方案--烧蚀和层裂

用定向能武器摧毁敌方弹道导弹壳体的破坏机理有两种 :烧蚀和层裂。美国的洛斯阿拉莫斯 (ＬＡＮＬ)和利物莫尔(ＬＬＮＬ)两实验室分别代表这两种破坏机理的研究者。ＬＡＮＬ研究的是射频直线加速器式的自由电子激光器 ;ＬＬＮＬ则是感应直线加速器式的自由电子加速器。1　烧蚀破坏机理。(1)当一束功率密度小于 10 8瓦 /厘米2 的激光脉冲照射在金属的表面时 ,光子即和金属的自由电子发生相互作用 ,通过逆韧致辐射 ,电子吸收能量成激发态 ,此激发电子又和晶格声子及其它电子相互作用发生能量传递。如激光脉冲宽度足够长 ,大于微微秒量级 ,则这…     

固体中的电子运动

一、引言研究固体中的电子运动是固体物理最基本也是最重要的课题。早在本世纪初特鲁德研究金属的导热、导电性质时,就提出了“金属自由电子论”。洛伦兹在特鲁德的基础上,进一步用经典统计来处理金属中的自由电子,他们都得到了著名的魏德曼——佛兰兹定律,还说明了不少热电现象。不过,在处理有些问题上,经典的自由电子理论存在着严重的困难,例如自由电子对热容量的贡献问题。这个困难须用量子理论才能解决。我们知道,晶体中离子是有规则地排列的,而离子场的影响是不能忽略的,因此实     

评介《界面电子结构与界面性能》

材料科学的研究进入电子结构的层次已有近百年的历史.1928年,Sommerfeld为了解决Lorentz理论在研究电子对比热贡献上所面临的困难,采用波函数来描述金属中自由电子的状态,提出电子的分布应遵从Pauli原理,并使总能量最小,建立了电子的量子统计理论.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that