Effect of cold spray particle conditions and optimal standoff distance on impact velocity

冷喷涂中,粒子撞击基板时的速度对涂层形成起到至关重要的作用,而适当的喷涂距离可以使喷涂粒子获得较高的速度.利用商用CFD软件Fluent模拟了喷嘴外超音速流场的分布情况,分析了粒子自身条件对冲击速度的影响,同时提出了确定粒子与基板最佳距离的方法.分析发现,小尺寸、低密度以及不规则形状的粒子容易受到喷嘴外产生的膨胀波、斜激波和基板前的弓形激波影响.随着能量的耗散或当粒子穿过弓形激波时,这些粒子的速度明显下降.另外,在基板与喷嘴之间存在一个最佳距离,它的确定需要两个必要条件：一是基板处的气流必须保持较低的速度,从而使弓形激波的强度相对较弱;二是粒子须经膨胀波加速2次,即弓形激波前具有2个膨胀波,以确保气体可充分利用膨胀波的加速.     

微束等离子喷涂工艺条件对Cu涂层组织和性能的影响

采用微束等离子喷涂系统在2.8-4.2kW的小功率条件下制备了Cu涂层，研究了电弧功率，工作气体流量和喷涂距离对粒子速度与涂层显微组织结构和硬度的影响。试验结果表明，电弧功率与喷涂距离对粒子速度的影响不明显，但工作气体流量对粒子速度的影响较大，电弧功率与喷涂距离对涂层的硬度影响较大，而工作气体流量对涂层的硬度影响较小。分析表明，粒子的温度对涂层硬度有较大的影响，采用微束等离子喷涂制备的Cu涂层硬度与用传统等离子喷涂设备在30kW下制备的涂层硬度相当。     

送粉气流对冷喷涂流场及粒子速度影响的数值模拟

通过建立二维数值模型,利用计算流体力学软件进行数值模拟,研究了送粉气流压力和温度对冷喷涂过程中流场及粒子速度的影响.结果表明:喷涂中不可忽略送粉气流对流场及粒子速度的影响;为将粉末注入喷管,送粉气流的出口压力不能小于出口处的主气流压力,但增大送粉气流压力会使得进入喷管渐缩段的送粉冷气体流量增大,从而排挤高温主气流,同时也降低喷管气体流动的滞止焓,导致喷管喉部声速减小,不利于粒子加速;增加主气流温度对粒子加速效果不明显,而增加送粉气流温度可有效提高粒子撞击基板的速度,进而提高粉末粒子的沉积效率.     

低气压等离子喷涂TiO_2涂层机械性能的研究

文本通过实验研究,证明了在低气压等离子喷涂条件下,TiO_2涂层的机械性能不是依赖于涂层结构,而主要由形成涂层前的TiO_2粒子的温度和速度所决定;如果形成涂层前的TiO_2粒子温度越高并且速度越大,就能形成更加扁平状粒子的涂层,增加粒子间结合力,使涂层机械性能提高。因此,喷涂规范中的等离子弧功率、喷涂距离和喷涂室压力对涂层机械性能有较大影响,而等离子弧辅助气氢气流量的影响甚小。     

多颗粒沉积模型预测铜和铝冷喷涂层微观形貌

采用有限元软件ANSYS/LS--DYNA建立了15个颗粒与基板的冷喷涂沉积模型,通过多颗粒沉积模型预测工艺条件、不同颗粒/基板组合的沉积行为和微观形貌;制备了Al和Cu冷喷涂涂层,观察了涂层截面形貌和颗粒变形特征,并与模拟结果进行对比.结果表明,多颗粒沉积模型可预测喷涂条件对颗粒沉积过程及涂层微观特征的影响,以及不同颗粒/基板组合的界面微观形貌.当碰撞速度低时,颗粒变形不充分,颗粒交界处易形成孔洞;随着速度增加,颗粒流变填充孔洞,涂层致密.与颗粒相比,硬基板涂层/基板界面平滑,机械互锁作用小;软基板形成射流状金属挤入颗粒之间,增加结合作用.     

超临界二氧化碳用于酚醛清漆喷涂的研究

采用超临界二氧化碳可以替代油漆涂料中的挥发性有机溶剂,达到保护环境的目的。以酚醛清漆为原料,探究温度、压力、超临界二氧化碳含量和喷涂距离(基板和喷枪之间距离)对喷涂效果的影响。结果表明超临界二氧化碳含量是高度显著性因素,随超临界二氧化碳含量增加,喷涂液滴尺寸减小;压力是显著性影响因素,随压力升高,喷涂液滴尺寸减小;温度和喷涂距离对喷涂无显著影响。喷涂获得涂膜可以达到国家相关标准要求。通过测量粘均分子量与红外光谱,表明超临界二氧化碳不影响涂料中的成膜物质性质。     

热辐射信号特征对热喷涂粒子参数测量的影响

对基于热辐射测量喷涂粒子速度、温度的检测系统，建立了单窗调制光阑下的信号演变过程模型，提取了4种基本信号特征类型，发现只有曲边梯形信号可准确测量粒子速度、温度与尺寸等状态参数，而其他类型信号的出现将增加测量误差．用超音速火焰喷涂实验验征表明，实测信号特征与理论模型分类基本相符，瞄准距离与孔径光阑直径对信号特征影响显著，减小孔径光阑直径可降低非曲边梯形信号引入的测量误差，但也会导致信号强度和捕获粒子总数的下降．     

海洋防腐冷喷涂技术的机理、特点及国内外发展现状综述

冷喷涂技术，又称冷气动力学喷涂（Cold Gas Dynamic pray，简称CGDS，OFHigh—Velocity Particle Consolidation，简称HVPC），是一种通过把具有一定塑性的细小粒子（1μm～50μm）用压缩气体超音速喷射到基板靶体，经过强烈的塑性变形而发生沉积，形成涂层的方法。这种工艺，是根据颗粒温度、速度、和尺寸的综合选择，允许在尽可能低的温度下进行喷涂。     

变参数下的空气喷枪涂层厚度分布建模

首先分析了影响空气喷枪涂层厚度及喷涂机器人作业过程中的可调和常变因素,然后利用BP神经网络方法对平板直行喷涂实验获得的实验数据加以拟合,建立以喷涂距离、喷枪移动速度、喷枪流量和测量点与喷枪轴线距离作为输入的喷枪喷涂模型。与传统模型相比,该模型用相对少量的实验数据就可以预测不同喷涂距离、喷枪移动速度和喷枪流量下的涂层厚度分布。实验数据表明,该模型准确、有效。     

团簇在金属表面沉积过程的分子动力学模拟

在冷喷涂过程中,喷涂粒子被超音速气流加速到较高的速度,在低于喷涂材料熔点的温度下撞击基体,发生剧烈的塑性变形而沉积形成涂层.但是由于高速粒子碰撞变形的瞬时特点,不能对粒子变形沉积过程进行直接观察,通过对Ni团簇在Cu基体上的沉积过程的分子动力学模拟,可以观察到团簇撞击基体并在基体上沉积的过程,以及团簇和基体的形貌变化;另外,通过计算团簇原子进入基体表面层的数量探讨了影响团簇沉积过程的主要因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that