运动目标识别与跟踪的模板匹配算法改进及仿真研究

针对传统模板匹配算法存在运算量大,以及干扰物中有部分区域和目标形状相同时识别率差的问题,改进传统的模板匹配算法,并在MATLAB6.5环境下,应用改进的新算法对简单背景中的运动目标进行计算机识别与跟踪仿真.新算法先对识别区域进行扫描点检测,判断该点是否满足要求再进行模板匹配运算;当某些干扰物体中某部分区域与目标模板相同时,采用自动模板更新的方法进行区分.仿真实验结果表明,改进的模板匹配算法大大减少模板匹配的运算量,并且可以有效地排除干扰物体对目标识别的干扰.     

基于切分模板的实时跟踪算法

相关匹配算法是一种经典的匹配算法 ,通过计算模板图像和待匹配图像的互相关值来确定匹配的程度 ,具有很高的准确性和适应性 ,在目标跟踪中得到了广泛应用。但是相关匹配算法计算耗时过于庞大 ,难以达到实时要求 ,并且当目标在模板中所占比例很小时 ,很难确定模板的准确位置 ,使得此算法在实时目标跟踪中难以得到应用。文中在相关匹配的基础上提出了一种基于切分模板的实时跟踪算法。匹配的模板被分为几个部分 ,每个部分均有不同的加权值 ,最后的相关匹配度为各部分匹配度的加权和。算法中还设置了一个不是实时更新的加权模板 ,以提高算法的抗干扰能力 ,并采用金字塔搜索算法进行加速。实验结果显示 ,此算法有效地克服了相关匹配算法的缺点 ,具有较好的匹配精度和实时性     

基于模板匹配和光流法的图像配准方法

光流法是一种广泛应用的像素级非刚性图像配准方法。该方法对发生平移、旋转以及放缩变换的图像能够很好地配准,但是光流法在待配准图像比较大且初始位置远离目标位置时,配准速度及位置较差。文章提出了结合模板匹配和光流法的改进算法,首先通过模板匹配算法进行粗定位,再使用光流法进行精确定位。实验表明,该方法大大提高了原算法的配准能力。     

Hu矩匹配方法在显微视觉目标识别中的应用

在介绍了传统模板匹配算法原理的基础上,分析了该算法在识别和定位目标方面的不足之处,并对其进行了改进,提出将Hu不变矩的模板匹配方法应用在显微视觉目标识别中.实验结果表明:采用Hu不变矩的模板匹配算法解决了传统方法存在的对目标的旋转无法识别的问题,在目标识别上具有旋转和平移不变性,提高了目标识别的准确性.     

基于多方法集成的目标跟踪算法

在线运动目标跟踪是目前模式识别领域的一个难点问题,目标物体角度、姿态、远近距离变化以及遮挡等给鲁棒在线跟踪算法提出了苛刻的要求,单一算法很难有效处理所有问题.多方法集成是实现鲁棒在线跟踪的一种有效手段,为此提出了一个集成on-line boosting、基于归一化互相关的模板匹配法和粒子群优化算法的自适应目标跟踪算法框架.其中,on-line boosting是基本的跟踪算法;基于归一化互相关的模板匹配法有效避免了on-line boosting过多的错误更新;而基于粒子群优化算法的跟踪策略提高了系统对快速运动、外观变化的适应能力,同时也为模板的更新提供了保障,三种算法形成了有效互补,在稳定性和可塑性之间达到了一种平衡.在不同视频测试序列上的实验结果表明,该算法有效地缓解了自适应性和漂移之间的矛盾,能够实时地完成复杂的跟踪任务.     

基于十字模板匹配的靶场目标检测方法

针对现代靶场所面临的测量目标小、 距离远、 目标与背景对比度低以及匹配算法计算量大、 时间复杂度高等问题, 提出一种基于数字图像处理的靶标检测方法。该方法以十字特征直线代替模板进行粗匹配, 仅对搜索图中像素点数目较少的一段灰度区域进行匹配, 从而大大减小了计算量, 使匹配速度得到极大提高。通过CCD（Charge Coupled Device）相机采集的靶场目标序列图像进行仿真实验, 实验结果表明, 该算法匹配速度快、 较传统的灰度相关算法具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于特征学习与特征记忆模板更新机制的粒子滤波跟踪

目标运动的多样性以及背景环境的复杂性是影响目标跟踪鲁棒性的主要原因.受背景颜色、光照以及姿态尺度变化等因素的影响,目标模板更新精度不高、目标跟踪鲁棒性差.针对此类问题,提出了一种基于特征学习与特征记忆的模板更新机制,通过构建目标模板库,保存丰富的运动目标信息,采用粒子滤波跟踪算法,将候选模板与模板库中的目标信息进行匹配,确定目标状态实现跟踪.实验结果表明,该算法以更丰富的目标信息进行跟踪,比传统目标模板更新策略的粒子滤波算法具有更高的跟踪精度和更强的鲁棒性.     

基于模板匹配与线性预测的目标跟踪算法

为解决复杂场景中目标遮挡、算法鲁棒性差的问题, 提出基于模板匹配与线性预测的算法。该算法分为模板匹配和线性预测两部分。场景中无遮挡物时, 执行模板匹配算法, 获取目标跟踪信息; 否则, 通过预测算法估计目标的状态, 进而实现目标跟踪。实验结果表明, 在目标有遮挡干扰的情况下, 采用该算法能稳定、准确地实现目标跟踪, 与传统的模板匹配算法相比具有较强的鲁棒性。     

采用SN和CFAR优化的模板匹配方法的动态目标监控

为了增强模板匹配算法执行的实时性,通过常见相关性测度的比较,选取了基于强度的SN相关作为模板匹配的基本数学模型。进而分析模板匹配中目标和杂波的强度分布统计特征规律。选取平均单元法和最大单元法相结合对恒虚警率(CFAR)处理,极大地缩短匹配搜索时间。构建了红色小球滚动通过水泥地面的监控实验。实验结果表明基于SN相关和CFAR优化的改进模板匹配方法,完全适用于动态目标的监控。     

基于ORB特征点匹配的多目标跟踪算法

视频中的多目标跟踪是计算机视觉领域的一个重要问题.针对多目标跟踪过程中由于目标缩放、旋转、扭曲以及遮挡等问题的存在导致目标易丢失的问题,提出了一种基于ORB特征点的多目标跟踪算法.首先利用"运动边缘生长"算法得到目标块,再利用目标块的ORB特征与特征模板的匹配来实现目标的关联.通过匹配过程,目标模板能够得到实时更新,即去除由噪声带来的过时的特征信息并添加进新的特征信息,保证特征模板的实时有效性,进而提高跟踪过程中匹配的可靠性.实验结果表明,本算法能够实时有效地处理目标由于形变以及局部遮挡而导致跟踪性能下降甚至跟踪目标丢失的问题,具有较好的鲁棒性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has