油松容器苗和裸根苗生长与造林效果对秋季施肥的响应

【目的】探究不同秋季施肥处理条件下油松容器苗和裸根苗苗期生长、养分积累和造林效果的差异,为生产上培育油松良种壮苗提供理论基础和技术支持。【方法】以大田培育的当年生油松播种容器苗和裸根苗为研究对象,设置0(对照)、12、24、36 mg/株4种秋季施肥水平,于90%以上苗木形成顶芽后进行施肥处理,并于翌年进行雨季造林试验。测定造林前的苗高、地径、生物量、根冠比、养分含量及造林后苗木成活率和苗高、地径相对生长量等指标,分析出圃苗木性状与造林效果之间的相关性。【结果】秋季施肥24 mg/株处理下的油松容器苗苗高、地径、生物量、氮、磷、钾含量均表现最佳,该处理下容器苗整株生物量、氮、磷、钾含量较对照分别增加了41.8%、31.4%、65.6%和48.8%;油松裸根苗受秋季施肥影响较小。容器苗氮含量在各器官中的分布从大到小表现为根>叶>茎,裸根苗氮含量在各器官中的分布从大到小表现为叶>根>茎;磷、钾含量在容器苗和裸根苗各器官中的分布从大到小均表现为叶>根>茎。雨季造林试验结果显示,油松造林效果受苗木类型影响显著,容器苗造林当年和第2年春季的苗高、地径相对生长量...     

海岸带不同复合农林业系统的养分状况

通过对江苏沿海滩涂具代表性的银杏采叶园(A)、银杏果—叶—农复合园(B)、银杏材—农复合园(C)等3种不同银杏与农作物复合系统中植物和土壤养分分布规律及生物循环效率的测定分析,研究了不同复合系统的营养动态特征。结果表明,各模式表层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷含量(ρ)呈现出ρB>ρA>ρC的特征,而钾素含量是ρA>ρC>ρB,同时表层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷变异系数都以B模式最大,钾素的分布较均匀。土壤养分的垂直分布基本呈现出随土层加深而逐渐减小的趋势,但各模式各层养分含量的季节变化具不同特征。养分的生物循环率以钾最高,达55.26%,但模式B、C平均养分循环效率分别为45.6%、53.59%,明显高于A。氮素在各模式的总量是ρB>ρC>ρA,磷、钾都为ρA>ρB>ρC。土壤养分总体特征为有机质含量不高,贫氮缺磷,钾素较丰,因而提高豆类间作的强度,加强秸杆还田力度,增施磷肥是维持系统养分平衡的必要措施。     

烤烟总糖、蛋白质及施木克值与土壤养分的关系分析

该文分析了云南省保山烟区195份烤烟样品总糖、蛋白质及施木克值与土壤养分的关系.结果表明:①5县区烟叶平均总糖质量分数变异系数在10％以内,变幅以施甸县最大.蛋白质质量分数接近优质烟叶标准,平均质量分数以施甸(9.28％)最高,昌宁(8.19％)较低;②保山烟区烤烟总糖质量分数与速效钾、有效铜、有效锌和有效硼质量分数呈极显著正相关;蛋白质质量分数与碱解氮、速效磷、有效铁、有效锰和有效硫质量分数呈极显著正相关;施木克值与pH值、速效磷和有效硫质量分数呈显著负相关,与碱解氮、有效铁和有效锰质量分数呈极显著负相关;③该地区属于北回归线区域火山灰土壤特色优质烟区,土壤呈中性微酸,有机质质量分数丰富,总体供氮水平较高,速效磷质量分数中等,速效钾质量分数中等偏上,多数烟区中微量元素质量分数丰富;④最后构建了保山烟区烤烟总糖、蛋白质及施木克值与土壤养分指标间的双重筛选逐步回归分析方程.     

全球红葡萄生育期需肥的规律

为探索全球红葡萄的需肥规律,实现平衡施肥,本研究通过田间采集植株样品和室内养分分析,初步探索氮、磷、钾三要素在全球红葡萄各器官中的分配和浓度变化及在各生育阶段植株氮、磷、钾含量的动态变化,得出萌芽及新梢生长期和果实膨大期是2个重要的全球红葡萄需肥时期,全球红葡萄对氮、磷、钾的吸收量为K2O〉N〉P2O5,对氮、磷、钾的吸收均是在果实膨大期达到最大。     

海南岛极品早冠F1干物质与氮磷钾的积累和分配及其相互关系研究

试验以极品早冠F1辣椒为研究对象,通过2016年11月~2017年5月大田试验,选择辣椒生长旺盛期时段,研究了辣椒叶、茎、果、根器官干物质及养分积累与分配特性,以及探讨了4个器官营养元素分配相关性特点,以了解辣椒生长旺盛时期各器官积累与分配特点,为辣椒优质高产制定合理的施肥方案.结果表明:在9个处理中,N0K2(N:0水平,K:2水平;下同)处理在生长旺盛时期整株干物质积累量最高为54.25g·株~(-1),较最低干物质积累量高28.89%,与其他几个处理差异性显著.氮、磷、钾养分积累量最高均为N0K2处理,分别为1.85 g·株~(-1)、0.18 g·株~(-1)、2.30 g·株~(-1),较最低分别高33.51%、44.44%、43.47%.在叶、茎、根、果4个器官的干物质与氮、磷、钾积累量分配比例上,叶器官分配比例超过50%,其分配比例大小表现为叶果、茎根.各器官养分分配中,叶器官与茎、果、根器官均为正相关,在氮素养分分配上,叶与茎、果、根的相关系数分别为0.498、0.438、0.592,磷素分配上,叶与茎、果、根的相关系数分别为0.651、0.429、0.622,钾素分配上,叶与茎、果、根的相关系数分别为0.662、0.403、0.486.因此,在生长旺盛期,叶器官的干物质和养分积累量最高,在作物生长前期应保证各营养器官的正常生长,有利于后期辣椒优质高产.     

青海湖流域高原鼠兔扰动对土壤养分及微生物量碳氮的影响

为了揭示高原鼠兔扰动对高寒草甸土壤养分和微生物量碳氮的影响,在青海湖流域进行定点采样分析,研究了高原鼠兔扰动前后不同地表类型(草地、新鼠丘、旧鼠丘和禿斑地)土壤养分的垂向分异和水平差异.结果表明:1)高原鼠兔扰动能在短时间内增加土壤养分含量和速效养分释放量,不同土层全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾质量分数的差异均非常显著(P<0.01),不同地表类型全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、全钾和速效钾质量分数的差异显著(P<0.05),但全磷质量分数的差异不显著(p>0.05);2)高原鼠兔扰动能在短时间内增加土壤微生物量碳氮质量分数,并使其垂向分布更加均匀,随着时间推移土壤微生物量碳氮质量分数迅速下降,不同土层微生物量碳氮质量分数的差异均非常显著(P<0.01),不同地表类型微生物量碳质量分数的差异显著(P<0.05),但微生物量氮质量分数的差异不显著(p>0.05);3)高原鼠兔扰动主要通过改变土壤密度和土壤粉粒、地上生物量、土壤含水的质量分数对土壤营养成分产生影响,高原鼠兔扰动后,土壤环境在短期内得到改善,伴随土壤侵蚀的发生多种营养元素流失,土壤总体品质逐渐下降.      

我国南北烟区烤烟产量和营养特性研究

试验连续3年在我国南北烟区7省10县,选择代表性植烟土壤,采用规范化栽培技术,研究了烤烟生长、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、氯的营养特性.结果表明,烟株生长和养分吸收速率前期缓慢,中期最快,后期降低.北方烟株后期的生长、氮、磷、钾吸收速率显著高于南方.养分吸收速率的变异系数氮≈钾磷,中微量元素表现出多样性.在烟株各器官中,营养元素的分配比例叶茎≥根.叶片养分含量南北差异最大,根系次之,茎南北相似,说明前者易受环境条件的影响,但后者比较稳定,对外界环境不敏感.从总体上看,养分吸收速率、分配比例及叶片含量因养分种类和南北地域不同而异,估计与土壤气候等生态环境有关,这可能是我国烤烟质量风各异的原因之一.值得注意的是,北方烤烟含氯量高而稳定,含氮量北方高于南方,可能导致北方烟叶蛋白质和烟碱含量增加.     

甘薯"冀审薯20000 1”氮磷钾吸收特性的研究

对"冀审薯200001”块根产量48900kg/hm2水平下氮、磷、钾吸收特性进行了研究.结果表明每生产1000kg鲜薯,植株需吸收N7.58kg,P2O52.64kg,K2O11.47kg,其比例为1.000.341.51;栽秧后55～81d是植株吸收各种养分最多的时期,分别占植株总吸收量的52.95%,45.83%,55.69%;不同生长时期各器官中N、P2O5、K2O的含量及吸收量差异很大.     

青海湖区不同植被类型草原土壤养分分布特征

以青海湖区4种植被被覆下的草原为研究对象,探讨不同植被类型影响下土壤养分的分布格局.结果表明:w(速效养分(速效氮、速效钾、速效磷))具有明显的分层特征,表层土壤最高,随着土层加深逐渐降低;紫花针茅样地各层土壤w(速效氮)、w(速效磷)均低于其他3个样地,但芨芨草样地各土层w(速效钾)显著高于其他3个样地.w(全量养分(全氮、全钾、全磷))表现不同,w(全氮)表现出分层现象,芨芨草、紫花针茅样地表层(0～10 cm)和第2层(10～20 cm)w(全氮)高,下层迅速降低;小嵩草草甸样地和藏嵩草沼泽草甸样地各层w(全氮)都较高;除紫花针茅样地w(全钾)表层显著高于其余3层外,所有研究样地各土层间的w(全钾)差异不显著;w(全磷)随土层降低不存在显著差异;w(有机质)与w(全量养分)、w(速效养分)分别呈现出显著相关关系和极显著相关关系.随着土层加深,w(有机质)降低,土壤容重增高、pH升高.同一区域植被类型不同,w(土壤养分)也有很大差异,人类扰动和自然因素都会影响土壤养分状况.     

不同林分密度华北落叶松人工林土壤养分特征

为了研究不同林分密度华北落叶松人工林土壤养分的变化,以河北省木兰围场内落叶松人工林为研究对象,系统采集了区域内土壤表层及深层样品,采用方差分析、克拉克插值法等分析方法,研究了林分密度对土壤有机质、全氮、全磷质量分数及空间分布的影响.结果表明:该区域0～20 cm土壤有机质、全氮、全磷质量分数最高,分别为65.23,2.99,0.25 g/kg. 40～60 cm土壤有机质、全氮、全磷质量分数最低,分别为25.85,1.79,0.19 g/kg.相同土层深度下,未经人工抚育的样地土壤有机质、全氮、全磷质量分数明显高于其他受到人为干预过的样地,同时,随着林分密度的增加,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷质量分数呈现先增大后减小的趋势.对比3块典型样地空间格局得出,该区域土壤有机质、全氮、全磷的空间相关性较大,表现为在东北方向上占优势.林分密度与土壤养分表现出显著的相关性,华北落叶松表现出一定的异质性空间分布特征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with