土壤散射及其参数反演的研究

本文基于经验模型计算了粗糙地面的后向散射系数,并且考虑了土壤湿度、高度起伏均方根对后向散射系数的影响。通过和实验数据的比较,利用该模型计算的后向散射系数能够很好的和实验数据吻合。最后用粒子群算法对土壤表面的参数进行了反演,得到了比较理想的反演结果。     

考虑辐射影响的接触传热模型与分析

应用GW统计接触模型,建立了粗糙表面之间的接触导热模型. 与实验数据的对比分析表明:该模型能够正确地反映接触导热现象. 在此基础上,对接触表面进行了合理的简化,建立了接触界面间的辐射传热模型. 数值计算表明:当接触表面的温度高于400 K时,辐射的影响已不可忽略;载荷对接触导热热导的影响明显大于对辐射热导的影响,导热热导随载荷的增大迅速增大,而辐射热导以及等效辐射系数均随载荷的增大有所减小,这主要是由接触界面的空隙面积减少造成的;在接触面几何参数中,粗糙峰等效斜率对等效辐射系数起着主导作用,在相同的量纲1的载荷情况下,粗糙峰等效斜率越小,等效辐射系数越大;通过对本文提出的等效辐射系数的误差检验,结果表明其最大相对误差为10-3数量级,说明等效辐射系数仅仅为接触界面黑度、几何特性和接触载荷的函数,而与接触界面温度水平和温差无关,同时也间接证明了本文提出的等效辐射系数可以较为合理地描述接触界面间的辐射换热强度.     

微小物体表面温度测量与功率管热阻测试

讨论利用红外显微测温仪测量物体微小表面真实温度的方法。通过分析测量 目标大小，响应波长范围和物体表面发射率对红外探测器响应特性的影响．提出计算非 黑体表面真实温度的表达式，并且得到满意的实验验证。利用该红外系统成功地测量了 微波功率管芯片表面的发射率分布以及在直流热耗散下芯片结区的温度分布，计算了峰 值热阻和平均热阻，为微波功率管的热设计提供了实验依据。     

毫米波被动探测空中隐身目标研究

为探测空中涂层隐身目标,建立了地面辐射计对空中目标进行锥形扫描的天线温度对比度计算模型。在目标下方分别为高发射率地面和低发射率水面的情况下,对晴天时平面隐身目标和光洁金属目标的天线温度对比度进行了对比计算。将3 mm波段辐射计系统固定在地面上,目标分别悬挂于水泥地面和水池上方10 m高度处,分别在晴天和阴天时,采用辐射计系统对隐身目标和光洁金属目标进行了探测实验。计算和实验结果说明,涂层隐身目标比同等大小的光洁金属目标的天线温度对比度大,当目标下方地物的发射率较小时,差别更大。在毫米波被动探测下,空中金属目标表面的吸波材料涂层,不仅不能起到隐身效果,反而会更明显地暴露目标。     

基于神经网络反演法的3mm波辐射特性研究

被动探测系统的天线温度与目标视在温度的关系是一种病态积分方程。为了从第一类Fredholm积分方程中解出物体的视在温度,提出了一种利用天线温度反演视在温度的动态逼近方法。首先,利用3mm辐射计对不同条件下的目标及其背景进行测量,得出相应的天线温度。然后,引入辐射温度因子,并给出视在温度影响因素的权值,建立一种基于BP神经网络的视在温度动态逼近分析方法。最后,利用该方法分析了物理温度等因素对视在温度的影响,为毫米波辐射特性研究提供了一种有效的温度反演方法。由于天线温度可以通过测量直接得出,所以利用温度因子仿真曲线,可以比较快速地计算出变温目标的视在温度及其辐射特性信息。     

模糊理论在纳观摩擦机理研究中的应用

利用Greenwood-Williamson(GW)模型建立了模拟物体表面的半球体形貌模型,并利用半球的半径隶属函数来定义了物体表面的“光滑”、“一般”与“粗糙”;应用经典的Hertz理论从接触的角度提出了物体表面单球接触力学模型,并建立了动力学方程;最后利用模糊理论对单球系统动力学方程进行叠加,得到了纳观整体滑块的摩擦力与滑动速度的关系.     

微波遥感大气水的研究

在地面测量大气本身的微波辐射, 可以推算大气温度, 含水量, 臭氧和其他一些气体的浓度。采用大气中水汽吸收波段1.35cm和微波窗区8mm波段的辐射测量,可以遥感大气中汽态水含量和云中液态水的含量。本文通过对4个微波频段在大气中辐射传输的计算,可以看出在地面利用3mm波段遥感大气中的汽态水和云中液态水,尤其是遥感晴空汽态水含量将具有更高的灵敏度。开展3mm波段的辐射测量,将有利于连续精确地监测大气水的研究,这对中尺度天气预报和气候热平衡将起重要作用。     

粗糙表面反射辐射偏振特性研究

为分析和研究粗糙表面反射辐射偏振特性及在目标表面二维空间的分布状况,基于偏振双向反射分布函数模型,推导出了粗糙表面反射辐射偏振度的一般表达式.针对不同材料涂层表面,综合考虑了表面漫反射和镜面反射,对偏振度进行了计算,分析了不同材料折射率及粗糙度下偏振度的分布.计算结果与实际测量数据基本吻合,为实际测量提供一定的理论指导.     

物体表面热属性温度触觉识别实验研究

采用所研制的温度触觉传感器进行了材料热属性识别研究,温度触觉传感器由恒温元件保持传感器恒温,由测温传感元件检测接触面的温度信号,基板为传感器提供支架.分析了基于温度触觉的物体表面热属性识别方法机理,认为不同形态的物体表面可等效为光滑物体与薄空气层组成的表面空气层模型.对不同表面形态和不同材料被测物体的温度触觉热传导进行了仿真和实验.测试实验结果表明,所研制的温度触觉传感器能较好地识别不同热属性的物体,对不同表面形态的大理石也有较好的识别效果.表面空气层模型能较好地解释表面形态对温度触觉结果的影响.     

基于数字散斑自相关技术的微位移测量

通过散斑照相实验,得到粗糙表面在激光照射下的散斑场,移动粗糙表面,记录位移前后的散斑图像,利用数字散斑相关方法分析散斑图像,即可确定粗糙表面的位移。理论分析和实验结果表明,数字散斑相关技术可以很好地实现测量带有粗糙表面物体的微小位移,精度可达微米级。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that