基于决策树判别的高温目标遥感识别方法

通常,高温目标与常温地物间光谱特征差异显著;但研究发现,Landsat8 OLI遥感影像中彩钢屋顶像元却与高温目标(林火)的光谱特征颇为相似,使用以往高温目标识别方法识别效果不佳。为实现高温目标的精确识别,引入决策树判别法;根据不同地物类型的相似程度构建决策树模型,针对各分支结点的相似地物类型,按定量指标分别进行特征波段筛选,确定反映地物间本质区别的判别函数,并经分类统计确定判别阈值。研究表明,所构建的决策树能够准确划分地物类型,在实现同一般常温地物有效区分的同时,能有针对性地区分高温目标与彩钢屋顶建筑,高温目标识别精度为97. 67%。     

基于CBERS影像的厦门环岛路沙滩信息提取研究

[摘要]用传统的遥感图像分类法分类时,沙滩极易与建筑用地、未利用地产生混淆,分类精度不高．本研究以2009年的CBERS-02影像为数据源,在提取和分析主要地物光谱特征的基础上,通过图像分类、谱间关系和多重阈值法对厦门环岛路的沙滩信息提取方法进行了探讨,并基于ENVIIDL进行模型设计,较好地将沙滩与易于混淆的建筑用地信息区分开来,沙滩信息提取的总体精度提高到88．72％．     

基于改进的NDBI指数法的遥感影像城镇用地信息自动提取

针对目前遥感影像城镇用地信息提取存在精度不高、不够客观等问题,在分析Landsat ETM影像上各主要地物光谱特征的基础上,提出了一种基于改进的归一化建筑指数(NDBI)的遥感影像城镇用地信息自动提取方法.利用南京市主城区的Landsat ETM影像对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:该方法能够有效提取研究区的城镇用地信息;相对于常规的NDBI指数法,改进后的方法消除了稀疏植被对城镇用地提取精度的影响,大大提高了城镇用地信息的精度,并具有快速、客观等优点.     

遥感影像的云及其阴影覆盖区光谱重构

以往遥感影像的云及其阴影去除方法侧重于受遮盖地物的几何特征恢复,不利于基于光谱特征的信息提取。为此,提出一种基于地物类别特征的光谱重构方法,采用两期相邻年
份相近物候期的遥感数据,借助归一化差值和决策树分类的方法,检测厚云及其阴影,并提取相应区域地表覆盖类型信息,对两时相遥感影像各波段被遮挡区的每种地物类别做线性回归分析,获取被遮挡区的重构数据。实验结果表明,该方法在恢复受云影响地物几何信息的同时,较好地实现了遮盖区地物光谱信息模拟。     

基于独立分量分析的遥感影像分类方法

多光谱遥感影像反映了不同地物的光谱特征,其分类是遥感应用的基础。独立分量分析对未知的源信号的混合信号进行估计,可以获得相互独立的源信号的近似。独立分量分析利用了信号的高阶统计信息,对于多光谱遥感影像而言,其去除了波段影像之间的相关性,获得的波段影像是相互独立的。最后通过TM遥感影像数据的分类试验,验证了基于独立分量分析的线性光谱混合分析模型应用于多光谱遥感影像非监督分类的有效性。     

利用决策树模型的湿地提取与分类

为解决因湿地环境复杂且类型多样导致光谱混淆而难以对其自动遥感提取的问题,采用决策树模型的湿地信息提取方法,以Landsat OLI影像光谱特征和经缨帽变换后的数据为基础,结合不同类型湿地的环境特征和空间特征信息,提出先分区再分类的思想,构建决策树分类模型.对原始影像进行缨帽变换,利用变换后的湿度分量及地物的光谱特征规律,将研究区划分为水体区域、植被区域和非植被区域,然后分别对各个区域进行再分类,逐层分级,最终实现不同类型湿地的分级提取.研究结果表明:采用分区分类思想构建决策树模型,可以有效提取湿地信息,精度达87.50%.     

一种新的湿地信息遥感提取方法研究

针对多光谱影像水体信息提取,结合湿地遥感自身特点,提出了一种基于湿度分量与水体光谱特征的湿地信息提取方法.与传统单波段阈值法、谱间关系法等水体提取方法相比较,此算法不仅适合于开敞水体的提取,还将滩涂、芦苇沼泽地等湿地信息同时提取出来,然后利用建立的湿地分类决策树模型,实现了研究区湿地信息分类提取.     

SPOT5遥感影像不同融合方法对地物识别精度的影响

以河南省开封市北部及郊区的SPOT5遥感影像为基础数据,对SPOT5全色波段影像与多光谱影像的几种融合方式进行了比较研究;基于各种融合结果影像进行实验区域的计算机监督和非监督分类,提取各类地物面积数据,比较影像融合前后各类地物面积变化率;分析不同融合影像对地物识别精度的影响,确定适宜不同地物判识的融合影像和方法,旨在为土地利用类型调查中的影像融合方法的选择提供参考.     

基于QuickBird数据的输电线路径优选中地表信息提取

针对输电线路径优选的目标,利用QuickBird数据,基于地物类型光谱特征分析,结合遥感影像的纹理特征,采用决策树分类算法,提取影响输电线路径选择的主要地物要素.研究影响输电线选线的相关要素(如居民区、道路、水体等)及其背景地物要素(如耕地、空地等)的光谱特征和纹理特征,确立以4个波段亮度值、归一化植被指数(NDVI)和纹理对比度参数作为特征变量,建立了基于光谱和纹理组合的决策树分类模型,有效地实现居民地、道路和水体信息的提取,并将自适应滤波方法用于分类后处理,优化了分类结果.总体精度由82.09%提高到92.83%,Kappa系数由0.760 8提高到0.904 1.该精度能够满足输电线路径初选优化的要求,为提取影响输电线路径初选地物要素提供了高效快速的技术方法和基础地理数据.     

基于多时相遥感数据的吉林盐碱区土地覆被信息提取方法对比—以镇赉为例

利用多时相的遥感数据制作的多维分类特征数据集,可以充分挖掘遥感影像中的植被信息提高地表覆被信息的分类精度。以世界三大盐碱土分布区之一的吉林省镇赉县为例,利用多时相Landsat8遥感数据制作的多维分类特征数据集,通过不同的分类方法提取了实验区11类地表覆被信息,并进行精度对比分析。结果表明:1支持向量机(SVM)法对苏打盐碱化土壤特殊生态环境的地表覆被信息提取具有较好的分类效果,总体分类精度87.77%,Kappa系数0.864 9;其中盐碱地的分类效果较好,生产精度达到98.34%。2不同方案分类精度从高到低依次为:支持向量机、最大似然分类、神经网络、最小距离、光谱角法。3镇赉县的土地利用类型以旱地、水田、盐碱地为主,镇赉西部以旱地为主要,中部地区盐碱地、碱泡、旱地交错分布,东部以水田为主。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the