物理类比对物理学习的指导作用

物理类比方法是物理学研究中的重要方法,物理学中许多研究是建立在物理类比之上。通过对物理类比的分析,我们了解物理类比的重要性以及在物理学习中如何使用物理类比的思想来进行指导。     

类比在几何中的应用

类比在几何中应用相当广泛 ,几何中常用的类比方法有 :空间图形与平面图形的类比、题型结构的类比、特殊与一般的类比     

高等数学教学中类比方法浅议

高等数学是高职院校很多专业的重要基础课程,运用类比方法能使学生更好地掌握高等数学.与初等数学知识类比;与高等数学知识类比;与逻辑常识类比;本文讨论了在高等数学教学中运用类比方法要注意的问题.     

平面几何命题的类比推广

类比是一种重要的数学思维方法,是根据两事物有一些相似或相同的属性,猜测其它的一些属性也可能相似或相同的思维方法。平面几何命题的类比推广包括三方面内容:平面几何命题在平面几何中的类比推广;平面几何命题在立体几何中的类比推广;平面几何命题在其它学科中的类比推广。平面几何命题的类比推广是学习中广泛应用且有成效的思维方法,对平面几何命题深入、渗透、移植发挥了重要的作用,所以在几何学中类比推广是不容忽视的。     

探讨在《概率统计》教学中如何运用合情推理

以概率与数理统计教学中的实例,从平行概念的类比、纵深概念的类比、拓广概念的类比、序列概念的类比四方面探讨在《概率与统计》课程教学中如何利用归纳和类比,培养学生的合情推理能力。     

数学分析教学中的类比迁移

类比迁移是一种重要的迁移现象．在数学分析教学中，运用类比促进迁移的途径有：1）通过离散与连续类比产生迁移；2）通过有限与无限类比产生迁移；3）通过低维与高维类比产生迁移；4）通过逻辑思维过程类比产生迁移，迁移理论能够优化数学认知结构．     

一种机器学习发现系统

提出了一种联想类比法,这种方法把概念类比与方法类比融化一体,其实现使机器在模拟人的类比思维的道路上向前迈进了一步。本文从理论上给出了不同的类比联想条件,这是联想类比的一个重要问题。并介绍了作者研制的一个类比学习发现系统GAP,此系统实现了把命题逻辑的概念与推理方法类比到图论中,建立了图形逻辑代数系统,填补了图论中图形逻辑推理的空白。     

平面里研究圆系类比到空间里研究球系

由于圆和球的定义非常相似,本人在学习了圆系的知识后,类比圆系的知识,得到球系的一些知识。本文类比的法则是：平面里的点类比到空间里的点;平面里的线类比到空间里的面;平面里的圆类比到空间里的球。本文遵从上面的法则类比圆系的五个定义得到球系的五个定义：一、平面内两圆可类比到空间里两球;二、平面内一条直线和一个点可以类比到空间里一个面和一个点;三、平面内直线与圆相交或相切可以类比到空间里球和面相交或相切;四、平面内两点类比到空间里两点;五、平面内圆及圆上一点可以类比到空间里球及球上一点。     

类比学习机制的研究

类比学习是机器学习中的一种重要方法。文中重点讨论了实现这种学习方法所需解决的主要问题及类比学习的研究进展和状况,并对6种具有代表性的类比学习方法和系统(转换类比学习、派生类比学习、属性类比学习、因果关系类比学习、联想类比学习和基于事例的学习)的基本原理、学习机制等进行了深入的研究和分析。     

波利亚的类比思想与数学课程改革

对波利亚著作中的类比思想进行了分析,指出类比在数学发现与创造思维中的重要作用。结合我国数学课程改革,探讨了类比在数学教学中的独特优势。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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