环境微生物的分子生物学研究方法

本文介绍了在环境微生物生态研究中的分子生物学方法如分子杂交，聚合链式扩增技术PC震，rRNA基因同源分析法，新型凝胶电泳技术，生物醌谱图法等和应用。这些技术的使用将大大扩展微生物生态学研究的空间，并使得在分子水平研究生态问题的机制成为可能。     

利用GPU实现三维图像重建方法研究

利用CT进行三维重建需要高达几十亿字节的数据,处理这样的海量数据对PC机或普通图形工作站的CPU来说都将是十分耗时的,重建速度仍是制约三维锥束CT应用的主要因素之一.图形处理器(Graphics Processing unit,GPU)由于其所具有的超长流水线和高度并行化,不仅在图形处理领域得到广泛应用,而且被用来进行通用计算任务.由于计算机图形学中的投影过程和CT的数据生成本质是一致的,基于GPU进行CT重建是提高速度的有效途径,本文首先针对GPU的特点进行概述,之后着重介绍了在GPU上实现CT重建的原理和方法,同时分析了GPU能够实现加速的原因.     

基于PC的全位置弧焊机器人系统

介绍了一种基于PC的全位置弧焊机器人系统，实验结果表明其能够有效地识别出多种形式坡口的焊缝三维结构特征，并且该系统能够比较准确、可靠、稳定进行有效的跟踪。     

一类三项式形式适合软件实现的σ-LFSR

介绍了有限域上一类新型线性反馈移位寄存器（LFSR），σ-线性反馈移位寄存器．σ-LFSR以字结构作为运算单元，能充分利用现代CPU的基本操作，具有结构简单、适合软件快速实现的特点．通过分析，找到了一类能达到最大周期、形式简单且适合软件快速实现的σ-LFSR，给出了这σ-LFSR的搜索算法，为现代基于字序列密码驱动部分设计提供了新的可选方案。     

化学-应力耦合流变试验确定PC制品的开裂时间

基于化学探测法检测聚碳酸酯(PC)制品残余应力的原理,为确定退火后PC试件的环境应力开裂时间,开展了一系列化学溶液浸渍-四点弯曲应力松弛耦合状态下的流变试验。采用自主研制的可进行四点弯曲松弛和蠕变试验的流变试验仪,获得了不同松弛初始应力下PC退火试件在空气、正丙醇及正丙醇-甲苯混合溶液等不同环境中的开裂时间,建立了不同溶剂环境下流变松弛初始应力与开裂时间之间的非线性回归方程。研究结果表明:PC试件的开裂时间与流变松弛初始应力、外界化学环境有关;残余应力主导着PC注塑制品内部结构的劣化,而外界化学环境将加剧其劣化。该耦合流变试验法可快速获取退火试样在某一溶液环境中的开裂时间,能满足残余应力高精度测试的要求。     

一种面向高性能计算的自主众核处理器结构

随着半导体技术进步,众核处理器已广泛应用于高性能计算领域.近年来,在国家"863"计划、"核高基"重大专项等项目的支持下,我国高性能众核CPU的研发水平也取得了长足进步.本文介绍一种面向高性能计算的国产片上异构众核处理器结构,通过统一指令系统、统一执行模型和支持一致性的主存共享,实现异构核心的深度融合.本文主要介绍了该处理器面向"存储墙"、"功耗墙"和"可靠性墙"的优化技术体系.该处理器已完成集成了256个运算核心和4个管理核心的原型芯片设计,峰值性能超过1 TFlops.     

单一导电性能的单壁碳纳米管的分离

本文首先简单介绍了单壁碳纳米管的化学结构与导电性性能之间的关系，然后就单壁碳纳米管研究中的一个重要难题，即如何分离金属型和半导体型，概述了目前主要的分离方法和研究结果。     

基于Profibus总线的薄膜生产线的设计

论文介绍了双向拉伸聚丙烯（BOPP）薄膜的生产方法及工艺流程,并根据控制要求设计了BOPP薄膜生产线控制系统.在上位机设计了基于WinCC的监控界面,便于系统调试和用户设定参数 在下位机以西门子CPU 414为控制器,应用Profibus总线控制其他功能模块（如变频器、ET200M等）,使得系统很好地满足生产线的自动控制要求.     

生物大分子的化学发光成像研究

本文介绍了三种化学发光成像法在人血清结合珠蛋白分型电泳的快速检测方面的应用。这三种方法都是基于鲁米诺一过氧化氢发光体系。使用免疫化学发光成像法，直接化学发光成像法和增强化学发光成像法，能够提高对结合珠蛋白检测的灵敏度，获得更宽的线性范围。我们使用这三种方法完成了对结合珠蛋白的快速、高灵敏、高选择性的检测。     

氟化碳纳米管的制备方法及相关性质研究进展

介绍了氟化碳纳米管（F-CNTs）的最新进展.详细讨论了碳纳米管（CNTs）的氟化方法,包括直接氟化法和等离子体处理法,总结了氟化温度和压力、氟源种类以及CNTs种类等因素对F-CNTs的结构和性能的影响.同时还介绍了F-CNTs特有的物理和化学性质及其相关应用领域,归纳了F-CNTs目前存在的问题,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望.     

Absorption of double labeled (glycerol 3H-linoleic acid 14C) native bile by phosphatidylcholines]

Double-labeled bile ([U. 3H glycerol] [1. 14C linoleic acid])--in which about 70% of labeling 14C and 80% of labeling 3H of total lipids were borne by phosphatidylcholines (PC), (isotopic ratio of these PC was equal to 1)--was introduced into the duodenum of test Rats, some of them with a bile fistula. As low amounts of the hydrolysis products of biliary PC were found in the intestinal lumen, a higher hydrolysis must occur further (brush border, enterocyte ?) because, in the mucosa, the highest labeling 14C was present as triglycerides and PC have an isotopic ratio 3H/14C higher than 1. As in the lumen the isotopic ratio 3H/14C of PC was higher than 1 and increased with the time elapsed, this finding suggests that mucosal PC were added to biliary PC (secretion or desquamation ?) unless these modifications were due to luminal micro-organisms. As test Rat bile was poorly labeled a very weak enterohepatic circulation of biliary diunsaturated PC may exist.     

An Inhomogeneous Hidden Markov Model for Efficient Virtual Machine Placement in Cloud Computing Environments

In a cloud environment virtual machines are created with different purposes, such as providing users with computers or handling web traffic. A virtual machine is created in such a way that a user will not notice any difference from working on a physical computer. A challenging problem in cloud computing is how to distribute the virtual machines on a set of physical servers. An optimal solution will provide each virtual machine with enough resources and at the same time not using more physical services (energy/electricity) than necessary to achieve this. In this paper we investigate how forecasting of future resource requirements (CPU consumption) for each virtual machine can be used to improve the virtual machine placement on the physical servers. We demonstrate that a time‐dependent hidden Markov model with an autoregressive observation process replicates the properties of the CPU consumption data in a realistic way and forecasts future CPU consumption efficiently. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relationship of phosphatidylcholine to hydrophobic surfactant on rat intestinal chylomicron secretion

Hydrophobic surfactants such as Poloxalene inhibit triglyceride secretion into lymph by enterocytes. The inhibitory effect of these agents on triglyceride secretion is reversed when lipid presented for absorption is exclusively in the form of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and not triglyceride. The present investigation performed in conscious mesenteric lymph fistula rats was designed to determine whether various mixtures of triglyceride and PC given intraduodenally with Poloxalene would also reverse the inhibitory effect of Poloxalene on triglyceride secretion into lymph. A 50–50 mixture of triolein (TO) and PC resulted in normal triglyceride secretion into lymph. However, when the mixture of lipids was 75-25, TO to PC, results for triglyceride recovery in lymph were considerably reduced. The transport rate for triglyceride into lymph was not as depressed, however, as observed for Poloxalene treated rats given lipid for absorption basically in the triglyceride form. Substitution of phosphatidylethanolamine for PC had no beneficial effect on triglyceride secretion in Poloxalene treated rats. It is concluded that PC can reverse the inhibitory effect of Poloxalene on triglyceride secretion into lymph even when considerable amounts of triglyceride along with PC are presented for absorption.     

Long-term incubation with mifepristone (MLTI) increases the spine density in developing Purkinje cells: new insights into progesterone receptor mechanisms

Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PC) physiologically reveal an age-dependent expression of progesterone with high endogenous concentrations during the neonatal period. Even if progesterone has been previously shown to induce spinogenesis, dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis in immature PC, data about the effects of progesterone on mature PC are missing, even though they could be of significant therapeutic interest. The current study demonstrates for the first time a progesterone effect, depending on the developmental age of PC. Comparable with the physiological course of the progesterone concentration, experimental treatment with progesterone for 24 h achieves the highest effects on the dendritic tree during the early neonate, inducing an highly significant increase in dendritic length, spine number and spine area, while spine density in mature PC could not be further stimulated by progesterone incubation. Observed progesterone effects are certainly mediated by classical progesterone receptors, as spine area and number were comparable to controls when progesterone incubation was combined with mifepristone (incubation for 24 h), an antagonist of progesterone receptors A and B (PR-A/PR-B). In contrast, an increase in the spine number and area of both immature and mature PC was detected when slice cultures were incubated with mifepristone for more than 72 h (mifepristone long-time incubation, MLTI). By including time-lapse microscopy, electron microscopic techniques, PCR, western blot, and MALDI IMS receptor analysis, as well as specific antagonists like trilostane and AG 205, we were able to detect the underlying mechanism of this diverging mifepristone effect. Thus, our results provide new insights into the function and signaling mechanisms of the recently described progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) in PC. It is highly suitable that progesterone does not just induce effects by the well-known genomic mechanisms of the classical progesterone receptors but also acts through PGRMC1 mediated non-genomic mechanisms. Thus, our results provide first proofs for a previously discussed progesterone-dependent induction of neurosteroidogenesis in PC by interaction with PGRMC1. But while genomic progesterone effects mediated through classical PR-A and PR-B seem to be restricted to the neonatal period of PC, PGRMC1 also transmits signals by non-genomic mechanisms like regulation of the neurosteroidogenesis in mature PC. Thus, PGRMC1 might be an interesting target for future clinical studies and therapeutic interventions.     

Effects of glucagon and insulin on the Paneth cells of the mouse duodenum.

The effect of glucagon and insulin on the paneth cells (PC) of the duodenum of the mouse was investigated using light microscopy. Both glucagon and insulin were able to increase significantly the number of the secretory granules of PC. This possibly means that these hormones are capable of inhibiting the secretion of PC.     

基于ARM的GPS接收机设计

随着GPS系统的广泛应用,作为系统用户设备部分的GPS接收机,已经成为国内外的研发热点。本介绍了一种基于ARM核的双芯片（即基带处理器＋射频前端）GPS接收机的硬件设计方案,该GPS接收机具有体积小、功耗低、集成度高的特点。     

基于LPC2132和μC／OS-Ⅱ的脑电检测系统设计

本文阐述了脑电检测系统的原理;系统由信号采集单元和以ARM7为核心的中央处理器LPC2132两大部分组成。信号采集单元承担了脑电信号的采集、放大滤波的任务。将处理过的脑电信号送入LPC2132芯片中,对脑电信号进行后续处理。LPC2132所实现的功能有：AD转换、数据存储、显示波形等。由于微处理器所承担的任务多且切换频繁,在内核植入了μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统。本文详细阐述了在LPC2132微处理器中植入μC／OS-Ⅱ操作系统所要进行必要的设置和任务创建的步骤。     

Endogenous protein C is essential for the functional integrity of human endothelial cells

Circulating protein C (PC) plays a vital role as an anti-coagulant and anti-inflammatory mediator. We show here that human endothelial cells produce PC that acts through novel mediators to enhance their own functional integrity. When endogenous PC or its receptor, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), was suppressed by small interfering (si) RNA, human umbilical cord endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation was decreased and apoptosis elevated. Interestingly, PC or EPCR siRNA significantly increased HUVEC permeability, which is likely via reduction of the angiopoietin (Ang)1/Ang2 ratio and inhibition of the peripheral localization of the tight junction protein, zona occludins-1. In addition, PC or EPCR siRNA inhibited type IV collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-2, providing the first evidence that PC contributes to vascular basement membrane formation. These newly described actions of endogenous PC act to stabilize endothelial cells and enhance barrier function, to potentially promote the functional integrity of blood vessels.     

Structure and function of biotin-dependent carboxylases

Biotin-dependent carboxylases include acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC), geranyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), and urea carboxylase (UC). They contain biotin carboxylase (BC), carboxyltransferase (CT), and biotin-carboxyl carrier protein components. These enzymes are widely distributed in nature and have important functions in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, polyketide biosynthesis, urea utilization, and other cellular processes. ACCs are also attractive targets for drug discovery against type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, microbial infections, and other diseases, and the plastid ACC of grasses is the target of action of three classes of commercial herbicides. Deficiencies in the activities of PCC, MCC, or PC are linked to serious diseases in humans. Our understanding of these enzymes has been greatly enhanced over the past few years by the crystal structures of the holoenzymes of PCC, MCC, PC, and UC. The structures reveal unanticipated features in the architectures of the holoenzymes, including the presence of previously unrecognized domains, and provide a molecular basis for understanding their catalytic mechanism as well as the large collection of disease-causing mutations in PCC, MCC, and PC. This review will summarize the recent advances in our knowledge on the structure and function of these important metabolic enzymes.