柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株(Eimeria tenella)生物学研究

采用单卵囊分离方法从厦门地区饲养的鸡盲肠中获得艾美尔球虫,经显微观察、测量和感染实验,从寄生部位、卵囊形态、孢子化时间和潜伏期等指标测定,实验结果:采用琼脂板方法分离和挑选单卵囊方法进行感染效果理想,单卵囊感染小鸡成功率为60%.该球虫寄生在鸡盲肠部位,其余部位未发现,卵囊形态长卵圆形,长25.80(23.5～28.5),宽20.86(18.5～23.5),长/宽:1.23(1.21～1.27),27℃条件下孢子化时间为20 h.,潜伏期为146 h.与国内一些株进行比较存在差别,确定该艾美尔球虫为柔嫩艾美尔球虫(Eimeriatenella),并定名为柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株.     

鸡艾美耳球虫单卵囊分离与种类鉴定

为了建立鸡球虫纯株,选用1~5日龄雏鸡,采用琼脂块单卵囊分离法对实验室保存的6种11株鸡球虫进行纯化,并选用2周龄雏鸡,对每个虫种/株选取1个单卵囊分离物进行增殖和种类鉴定.结果单卵囊接种179只,获得单卵囊分离物42个,单卵囊分离成功率23.46%;对11个单卵囊分离物,通过测定寄生部位、潜在期、孢子化卵囊大小、形状指数(长/宽)、孢子囊大小、最短孢子化时间等指标,鉴定出1个分离物为堆形艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)、2个分离物为柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、6个分离物为巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、1个分离物为变位艾美耳球虫(E.mivati)、1个分离物为毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix).本研究表明琼脂块单卵囊分离法简便易行、成功率较高,同时提示实验室保存的布氏艾美耳球虫(E.brunetti)被柔嫩艾美耳球虫污染.     

柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株感染宿主艾维因雏鸡引起血清生理生化变化

为研究柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株(Eimeri tenella,Xiamen strain)感染宿主后造成的血清生化指标的变化,选择14日龄艾维因雏鸡(Avian chicken)80只,随机分为两组,一组(n=40只)感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株,另一组为对照(n=40只),分别于感染后的第2～8天从颈静脉取血,通过检测血清中的生化指标,探讨鸡感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株后对血清生化指标的影响,检测结果显示,感染球虫后引起升高的指标有ALT、血清葡萄糖、肌酐和尿酸.而降低的指标包括AST、Na 、Ca 、K .其中ALT、AST、Ca 、血清葡萄糖和尿酸等指标在感染后第7天逐渐向正常指标回归,Na 、K 和肌酐等指标在第7天仍然沿着原先的趋势升高或降低.说明宿主感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株后,多数指标与球虫致病作用强弱相一致,而有些指标却由于宿主生理功能的严重损害,在短期内无法恢复.实验结果表明柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株可以引起宿主肝功能,肾功能及离子水平的改变,尤其是肾功能的损害可能是造成鸡死亡的一个重要因素.     

鸡盲肠艾美尔球虫Eimeria tenella和毒害艾美尔球虫E.necatrix的发育史及其组织病变

鸡盲肠艾美尔球虫(Eimeria tenella)和毒害艾美尔球虫(E.necatrix)是危害家鸡的二种重要球虫,呈世界性分布。厦门地区前者感染率为80%,后者45%(洪凌仙等,1984)。幼鸡严重感染后,呈厌食、拉粘液血便、生长率明显下降,并导致成批死亡(霍夫斯塔,1972)。Tyzzer(1929)曾报道盲肠艾美尔球虫和毒害艾美尔球虫的生活史,但对两种球虫的无性生殖代数不甚明确,特别对毒害艾美尔球虫的发育史较为简略。我国对两种球虫的发育     

雏鸡感染堆型艾美耳球虫早熟株外周血T淋巴细胞的动态变化

8日龄雏鸡(免疫组)每只接种3×103个堆型艾美尔球虫(Eimeria.acervulina)早熟株孢子化卵囊,在第16日龄免疫组和不免疫攻毒组每只攻毒堆型艾美尔球虫强毒株孢子代卵囊5×104个,用а 醋酸萘酯染色法计数T淋巴细胞数量,得T淋巴细胞所占淋巴细胞的百分率。t检验结果表明,免疫攻毒组T淋巴细胞的百分率与不免疫攻毒组和空白对照组的T淋巴细胞的百分率差异极显著,显示该早熟株具有较好的免疫保护效果。     

龙海麻鸭自然感染菲莱氏盲肠温扬球虫亚种(Wenyonella philiplevinei caecum)内生殖虫体与组织病变

考察了厦门地区龙海麻鸭盲肠寄生的球虫,经鉴定为菲莱氏盲肠温扬球虫亚种.该球虫寄生于盲肠,卵囊的最早孢子化时间为24 h.组织切片显示内生殖虫体有三型裂殖体,成熟大配子体位于绒毛中部或肠腺上皮细胞核的下方,椭圆形.成熟小配子体位于绒毛中部和基部上皮细胞核的下方,内有50 个以上逗点状小配子.卵囊位于绒毛基部上皮细胞核的下方、绒毛固有层和粘膜肌层.盲肠病理切片显示盲肠绒毛上皮、肠腺上皮细胞遭到破坏,并伴有炎症反应.     

地克珠利和马杜霉素联合应用的抗球虫作用观察

选用220只10日龄海兰褐公雏口服柔嫩艾美尔孢子化卵囊制造人工感染球虫病模型，以相对存活率、相对增重率、盲肺病变值和盲肪卵囊值等为观察指标，以抗球虫指数为判定标准，观察地克珠利与马杜霉素联合应用的抗球虫作用。结果表明：地克珠利与马杜霉素以临床单用剂量联用呈中效，ACI值为162．9：以临床单用剂量的0．8倍、0．64倍联用均呈强效，ACI值分别为192．1和206．5；而低于临床单用剂量的0.512倍联用呈弱效或无效。     

地克珠利对藏马鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的疗效

在人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimeria tenella）的藏马鸡中进行了地克珠利预混剂、地克珠利饮水剂、氯苯胍的抗球虫试验，以卵囊减少率作为主要试验指标，观察其抗球虫效果。结果表明：地克珠利预混剂、地克珠利饮水剂卵囊减少率均为99．5％，相对增重率分别为84．9％和92．9％，而氯苯胍的卵囊减少率为95％，相对增重率为59．1％。表明地克珠利是一种高效的抗球虫药，能有效的控制藏马鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病。     

拉氏等孢球虫(Isospora lacazei)子孢子体外脱囊的研究

本研究以人工配制的脱囊液在实验室条件下处理拉氏等孢球虫的孢子和卵囊,孢子在脱囊液胰酶 胆汁、胰酶 牛磺胆酸钠中均能脱囊。单独以胰酶、胆汁和牛磺胆酸钠培育的孢子则不能脱囊。胆汁类型(鸡、鸭、猪)对脱囊的速度和过程无影响。用上述脱囊液处理的卵囊不能脱囊。本文对子孢子的脱囊过程及其运动方式也进行了描述。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染对雏鸡肾脏病理损伤的探讨

14日龄海兰褐雏鸡80只,分为对照组和感染组。感染组每只鸡口服接种8.0×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,分别于接种后第0,3,6,9,12天,每组随机取鸡5只,心脏采血,测定血清尿酸和肌酐含量,同时取感染后第6天鸡的肾脏,观察其病理组织学变化。结果表明:感染组鸡的血清尿酸含量于感染后第3,6,9天显著升高了267.41%(p<0.01),81.41%(p<0.01)和52.09%(p<0.05),肌酐含量在感染后第3,6天也显著增加了63.61%(p<0.05)和81.80%(p<0.05);肾脏的实质细胞呈轻度的颗粒变性或水泡变性。提示:球虫感染导致雏鸡肾脏病理损伤。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that